Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Street vended fruit juices are on high demand because of their nutritive value and mineral and vitamin content but the concern on food safety is very high. There is little evidence for the association between fruit juice, especially 100% fruit juice, and mortality risk. In addition, whether 100% fruit juice can be a healthy alternative to whole fruit remains uncertain. This study is aimed to detect different food borne micro-organisms along with Physico-chemical characteristics of freshly prepared street vended fruit juices (orange, pineapple, grape, mixed fruit juices). A total of 100 juice samples from five different places stalls of Pulivendla were collected and examined for their physic -chemical properties and for their microbiological quality. Physico-chemical properties of fruit juices include pH, Titrable acidity and TSS,ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity, vitamins and microorganisms.

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 Keywords

Street vended fruit juices, micro-organisms, physic-chemical characters.

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Their distinctive properties, unequaled to date in catalyzing reactions under mild conditions and of great specificity, have conferred a paramount status on biocatalysts--enzymes and whole cells--in sustainable industrial practice. Some recent advancements in this field of biocatalysis, ranging from pharmaceutical industries to environmental cleaning and food processing, are highlighted in this review article. Advanced techniques include protein engineering, immobilization techniques, and unconventional media, which have gained strength in increasing measure. Such techniques increase efficiency and stability. Besides, this review will cover the challenges and future perspectives of biocatalytic technologies as underlining their contribution to the global problems of sustainability.

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 Keywords

Biocatalysts, Enzymes, Whole Cells, Sustainability, Environmental Remediation, Protein Engineering.

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Climate change is a pressing global issue with profound effects on ecosystems and biodiversity. The Indian subcontinent, with its diverse climatic zones and rich biodiversity, is particularly vulnerable to these changes. This paper examines the impact of climate change on the region, focusing on temperature increases, shifting precipitation patterns, and the rise in extreme weather events. These climatic alterations have significant biological implications, affecting flora and fauna across the subcontinent. Forests are experiencing shifts in composition and increased fire frequency, while agricultural crops face reduced yields and altered growing conditions. Terrestrial mammals, avian species, and marine life are also experiencing disruptions due to changing habitats and environmental conditions. The paper further explores the broader impacts on ecosystems, including biodiversity loss and disruption of ecosystem services. Socioeconomic repercussions, such as impacts on agriculture, food security, and public health, are also discussed. Adaptation and mitigation strategies, including conservation efforts, sustainable practices, and policy recommendations, are examined to address these challenges. Case studies highlight specific regional and species-related impacts, providing insights into effective responses. The findings underscore the urgency of integrated climate action to safeguard both ecological and human systems in the Indian subcontinent.

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CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Climate Change and Biological Implications in the Indian Subcontinent

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Maize is a staple food grain and third important cereal crop in India after rice and wheat that grows in a wide range of environments ranges from a semi-arid region to humid regions. India ranks about 4th position in the world by area and 7th in production. Andhra Pradesh is one of the largest producers of maize in India. According to the data collected between 2021-2022 maize in Andhra Pradesh was cultivated in an area of 3.42 lakh ha of yield and a productivity of 20.49 lakh tonnes and 5991 kg/ha respectively contributing about 6.09 per cent to total country's production. Vizianagaram district is located at the north eastern region where maize productionof Andhra Pradesh that ranks 4th place in the state with an area of cultivation about 41 hectares with a yield of 3797 Kg/ha. The yield in kharif is more when compared to rabi. The production varies with use of different varieties. Biofertilizers are the natural products obtained from microorganisms as a result of decomposing organic substances and help in overall growth and development of the plant. The present study discusses the use of biofertilizers and their effects on growth and yield of maize varietiesof both kharif and rabi. The DHM103 and DHM107are taken as kharif varieties and PUSA hybrid-1 and Ganga II are taken for rabi season from Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh.

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IMPACT OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SELECTED MAIZE VARIETIES GROWING IN VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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The field of plant physics in India, which bridges plant biology and physical sciences, has seen significant growth over the years. Rooted in traditional knowledge, such as the Vedas and Ayurveda, India's historical engagement with plant studies laid the foundation for modern scientific exploration. The pioneering work of Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose in plant electrophysiology marked the formal beginning of plant physics in India. Post-independence, the establishment of institutions like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) fostered research in plant physiology, leading to advancements in areas such as water transport, photosynthesis, and plant adaptation to climate change. Contemporary research focuses on mechanobiology and climate resilience, with increased collaboration between Indian and international institutes. The field continues to evolve, positioning India as a key contributor to global research in plant physics.

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plant electrophysiology, mechanobiology, climate resilience

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Urban Solid Waste Management presents significant challenges for India and the world. Various types of waste are generated from urban activities, including residential, agricultural, industrial, mining, and biomedical sources. These materials are often discarded as unusable. Effective urban waste management not only involves the disposal of waste but also emphasizes the reduction of waste generation. Proper collection and secure disposal methods are crucial. In India, common disposal methods include open dumping, ocean dumping, sanitary landfilling, composting, and incineration. Waste collection typically involves fixed storage bins, with refuse stored until collected by larger vehicles for transfer to disposal sites. Popular collection methods include community storage points, kerb side collection, and block collection. The implementation of reduction, reuse, and recycling (the 3Rs) presents additional opportunities for improving waste management. Poor solid waste management poses serious risks to both environmental integrity and public health.

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Solid Waste, Landfill, Management, Methods, Environment, Public Health

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Nanobiotechnology, an interdisciplinary field merging nanotechnology and biology, offers transformative solutions across medicine, agriculture, and environmental science by manipulating materials at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, applications, and future directions of nanobiotechnology. It explores the unique properties of nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanotubes, and their interactions with biological systems. In medicine, nanobiotechnology enhances drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies, such as targeted drug delivery and photothermal therapy. In agriculture, it improves pesticide delivery, soil and water remediation, and plant growth through nano-fertilizers and nano-priming. Environmental applications include pollutant detection, waste management, and water purification using nanomaterials. The paper also addresses safety and ethical considerations, including the toxicity of nanomaterials, regulatory frameworks, and societal implications. Looking ahead, emerging trends such as multifunctional nanomaterials and integration with artificial intelligence are discussed, alongside challenges and opportunities for advancing the field. This review highlights the potential of nanobiotechnology to revolutionize various sectors while emphasizing the need for responsible development and interdisciplinary collaboration..

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NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY Nanobiotechnology: Advances, Applications, and Future Prospects

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Lagerstromia parviflora belongs to the family Lythraceae and widely used for various ailments as ethno medicine in and around Chittor Dt. of Andhra Pradesh. In this present study based on morpho anatomical studies of root, stem and leaf, in order to provide a scientific basis we authenticated that the Lagerstromia parviflora is an important medicinal plant. The medicinal properties and other taxonomical, microscopical characters confirmed that L. parviflora has apparent anatomical distinctiveness and peculiarities which differentiate with any adulterant taxa and other important things were discussed here.

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Lagerstromia parviflora, Morpho anatomy, Adulteration

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Climate change is driving unprecedented levels of human displacement, with profound social, economic, and environmental consequences. These displaced individuals, often referred to as climate refugees, are compelled to leave their homes due to the effects of rising sea levels, increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events, and environmental degradation such as drought and desertification. This article provides a comprehensive review of the causes and impacts of climate-induced displacement, exploring the challenges faced by these populations. It critically examines existing legal and policy frameworks, highlighting gaps in protection for climate refugees, and discusses various adaptation and mitigation strategies. Through an analysis of the latest research, this review underscores the urgent need for coordinated international action to address the human cost of climate change.

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Climate refugees, climate change, human displacement, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, drought, desertification, environmental impacts, adaptation strategies, mitigation, international law, human rights, sustainable solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal force in shaping the future of science and technology. As AI technologies advance, they are increasingly being integrated into various domains, transforming traditional methodologies and expanding the horizons of what is possible in research and development. From accelerating scientific discoveries to driving technological innovations, AI's role is becoming ever more central in these fields.

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ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE

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