Volume 7 | Issue 3 | July-August-September-2019

 Abstract

In the present era one of the greatest problems faced by the world is water scarcity and agriculture being a demanding occupation which consumes plenty of water. Therefore a system is required that uses water judiciously. India is an agricultural country, wherein about 70% of the population depends on agriculture. Farmers have wide range of diversity to select suitable fruits and vegetables crops. However, the cultivation of these crops for optimum yield and quality produce is highly technical. It can be improved by the aid of technological support. The management of irrigation can be improved using automatic watering system. A system that will help a farmer to know his field status in his home or he may be residing in any part of the world. It proposes an automatic irrigation system for the agricultural lands. Currently the automation is one of the important roles in the human life. It not only provides comfort but also reduce energy consumption, increase efficiency and time saving. Now the industries are using automation and control machine which are expensive and not suitable for using in a farm land. So here we design a smart irrigation system in low cost which can be utilized by Indian farmers.

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 Keywords

Arduino, Soil Sensor, Wi-Fi Module, Prototype, Moisture Depletion.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research shows how AI and ML help accurately predict credit and market risks, thus helping avoid losses. Further, with advances such as using chatbots and virtual assistants to handle customer queries and attend to customers at any time, artificial intelligence has advanced in fraud detection through monitoring in real-time to prevent fraudsters from getting away with their evil deeds. Also, algo trading and machine learning use in portfolio management have enhanced strategy formulation, with better yields and fewer risks. Consequently, facing intelligent algorithms in financial service industries is crucial, as it anticipates great boosts in operation efficiency, business competition, and regulatory compliance. However, questions and issues that cannot be ignored are data privacy, algorithms' bias, and probable job losses. To this effect, future studies should address ethical and legal issues and opportunities, technologies, rules, and partnering environments associated with AI and ML in finance. Based on findings from this study, these advancements must be adopted within financial institutions while acknowledging the challenges to realize growth, innovation, and customer value.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Financial Services, Risk Management, Customer Service, Fraud Detection, Investment Strategies, Ethical Considerations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Key Words: E-rickshaw, Eco Friendly,Transportation,Passenger,Connectivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the influence of industrial automation on the organizational structures and competitiveness of industries within developing countries. As automation reshapes global industries, developing economies face unique challenges and opportunities. The article examines how automation impacts productivity, cost-efficiency, and workforce dynamics, affecting these countries' ability to compete in global markets. Case studies highlight how specific industries in developing nations are adopting automation to drive growth and competitiveness while addressing the challenges of skill gaps and resource constraints. Findings suggest that strategic adoption of automation can enhance competitiveness, but supportive policies and investments in human capital are critical to maximizing its benefits.

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 Keywords

Industrial Automation, Developing Countries, Organizational Competitiveness, Productivity, Cost-Efficiency, Workforce Dynamics, S

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Judiciary plays an important role in upholding and promoting the rights of citizens in a country. Judical Activism can take many forms but 'technical' and 'juristic' are two important ones in all legal systems. Beyond these two forms is third form termed as social activism, a complex and challenging task facing the modern judiciary today, particularly in the developing countries. Judicial activism is the central feature of every political system that vests adjudicatory power in a free and independent judiciary. It is not an aberration but is a normal phenomenon and is bound to mature into judicial activism. It is a term used to describe the assertiveness of judicial power. A court engaged in altering the power relations to make them more equitable is positively activist and a court using its ingenuity to maintain the status quo in power relations is negatively activist. Judicial activism is a concept that originated in the US in 1947. It has been seen in India since 1970's, defined as the 'Emergency days'. The active role of the judiciary in upholding the rights of citizens and preserving the constitutional and legal system of the country is known as judicial activism. It carries 'public interest' dimension through 'private interest', which collectively go hand in hand. The basis of judicial activism is the interpretation of the law, the constitutional articles or provisions or the legality of any executive action, leading to extension of the scope of law or actionable jurisdiction. This entails, stepping into the domain of the executive. It may even cover, in its sweep, executive inaction, acts of omission, besides the acts of commission - either inadequately or wrongly. All normal interpretative functions of judiciary do not generally attract the appellation of 'activism' - some do. They depend on the nature, scope and thrust of the judgment - the reformatory zeal of the judge. Judicial activism is seen as a success in liberalizing access to justice and giving relief to disadvantaged groups, because of the efforts of justices V R Krishna Ayer and P N Bhagwati.

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 Keywords

Judiciary, Interpretation, Activism, Executive, Realization.

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The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers transformative potential for urban smart city infrastructure, addressing critical challenges in urban management and sustainability. This paper presents an innovative IoT-based smart city framework leveraging Arduino microcontrollers and ESP8266 modules to enhance various urban services, including traffic management, environmental monitoring, water resource management, and public infrastructure control. We implemented an integrated car parking system utilizing infrared (IR) sensors to detect vehicle presence, with real-time display updates on LCD screens. For environmental monitoring, an MQ2 sensor was deployed to measure pollution levels, providing essential data for air quality management. Smart traffic control was achieved through a system of timers and LEDs (red, yellow, green), optimizing traffic flow and reducing congestion. Water level monitoring and management were conducted using moisture sensors, ensuring efficient water usage and supply. The street lighting system was enhanced with LM358 comparators for day and night detection, promoting energy conservation by automatically adjusting light intensity. Data collected from various sensors were transmitted to the Adafruit cloud via the ESP8266 module, enabling real-time data analysis and decision-making. The Arduino microcontroller served as the central unit, coordinating the various sensors and actuators within the smart city framework. Case studies from pilot implementations demonstrate significant improvements in urban service efficiency, resource management, and environmental sustainability. The findings highlight the potential of IoT technologies to create more responsive, adaptive, and sustainable urban environments. Furthermore, this paper discusses the technical challenges and considerations in deploying such IoT systems, including data security, integration complexity, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, the integration of IoT with Arduino and ESP8266 modules in smart city infrastructure represents a pivotal advancement towards smarter, more efficient, and sustainable urban living. This research underscores the transformative impact of IoT in modern urban management, paving the way for future smart cities.

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 Keywords

Internet of Things (IoT), Smart City Infrastructure, Arduino Microcontroller, ESP8266 Module, Infrared (IR) Sensors, MQ2 Sensor, Car Parking System, Pollution Monitoring, Smart Traffic Control.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper describes the Development of embedded systems in 8051 Lab environment using 8051 microcontroller interrupts, programming in "C"and applications. These applications include an interfacing of seven segment display, Multi-segment display and LCD and these are controlled by external interrupts (INT0, INT1) signals through switches. In this experiment AT89C51 8-bit microcontroller is used to program the interrupts to seven segment display (up/down hexa decimal counter), Multi-segment display (2-digit decimal counter for up/down counter) and LCD. The Hardware description and software developments are presented in this paper. This paper is very useful for beginners like Engineering and PG students.

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 Keywords

Interrupts, seven segment display, multi-segment display, LCD and AT89C51 Microcontroller

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Assam has a rich diversity in fruit crops. Besides the fruits like banana, mango and citrus, there are so many good underutilized for indigenous fruits are available. Some of the indigenous fruits which exhibits high nutritive value with medicinal importance commonly used by rural people are discussed in this paper

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Medicinal values of Assamese Fruits

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This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and noteworthy developments in the field of cosmology. Covering a wide range of topics, including the study of the universe's origins, its structure, and evolution, as well as cutting-edge research on dark matter, dark energy, and cosmic microwave background radiation, this review offers insights into the latest findings and theories shaping our understanding of the cosmos. From groundbreaking observational discoveries to theoretical breakthroughs, this abstract encapsulates the dynamic landscape of cosmology research, highlighting its ongoing quest to unravel the mysteries of the universe.This review encapsulates the forefront of cosmological research, providing an in-depth analysis of recent breakthroughs and discoveries that continue to redefine our understanding of the universe. Delving into the realms of inflationary cosmology, gravitational wave astronomy, and the search for elusive dark matter particles, this synthesis explores the latest observational data and theoretical frameworks driving progress in the field. Additionally, it examines the implications of recent advancements in cosmological simulations, multi-messenger astronomy, and the study of cosmic large-scale structures. By elucidating the interplay between observation and theory, this abstract offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of cosmology and underscores the ongoing quest to unravel the deepest mysteries of existence.

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 Keywords

cosmology, research, news

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This paper presents a review on a revolutionary technology often referred to as ''The AI Sentry,''.This is an advanced technological strategy to combat social engineering attacks through artificial intelligence (AI). Social engineering attacks present tremendous threats to individuals, organizations, and nations by having the ability to misuse psychological factors to manipulate the victims into providing confidential information or carrying out certain actions that compromise security [1]. The cybersecurity measures of recent time usually fail to discern as well as thwart such elaborate attacks because these attacks are deceptively carried out and due to the human flaws. The AI Sentry employs machine intelligence technologies such as behavioral pattern analysis, anomaly detection and social engineering attack deception to perform the monitoring activities in real-time. Using Ai enabled functions in the cyber defenses [2], The AI Sentry emphasizes a proactive and adaptive methodology to increase security posture and immunity against social engineering attacks.Although the conventional methods of social engineering defense exhibited some success, they rely heavily on static rules and signatures, thus making it hard for them to keep pace with the fast evolving cyber criminals' tricks. Social engineering attacks have become more sophisticated and targeted making it necessary for the organizations to go beyond layered defense and equip themselves with more advanced and adaptive security measures such as machine learning based detection and behavior analytical tools to effectively deal with such issues.Nevertheless, the use of machine learning machinery in cybersecurity brings along challenges like reliability of data, model readability, and adversarial attacks. Ensuring that training data is provided with integrity and reliability is critical to avoid data biases and permit developing robust ML models. Besides, making sense of the inferences traced by highly nested neural networks proves to be a difficult task, resulting in debates in the realm of transparency and accountability.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Defense, Real-time, Threat Detection, Incident Response, Adaptive Strategies, Cybersecurity, United States.

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