Volume 7 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Honeybees are well known to engage in highly preferential selection of the plant species whose flower they exploit for harvesting nectar, pollen or both at the same time. These are known to readily discriminate within various plants, selecting or tending to neglect others (Dhingra and Jain, 1995). Pollen is of vital importance to honeybees as it is the major source of nitrogenous food. Pollen is the ultimate source of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and amino acids to all the species of family Apidae. Honeybees being Polylectic in nature are attracted to a variety of flowers. There have been so far many attempts to discover differences in pollen nutrients from various species. In most pollen, carbohydrates and proteins constitute the major matter. The nutritive value of pollen however in different plant species varies considerably (Singh, 1996). Honeybees also exhibit differences in feeding preferences and survival when fed pollen of different plant species (Schmidt et al, 1995). A few plant species even do not attract honeybees inspite of fact these yield sufficient pollen (Dhingra and Jain, 1995). Certain plants in the vicinity of agriculture crop to be pollinated by bees may thus prove more attractive to the bees; as a result many targeted crop will appear neglected for pollination. There has been many such studies reporting the problem of plant competition or identifying non-crop plants competing with beneficial crop for visit by pollen collecting honeybees (Olsen et al, 1979). Despite the fact that honeybees feed up on specific or a variety of pollen as food, there has been much been much difficulty in finding suitable substitute for pollen. Poor acceptability of pollen substituent may result in part due to lack of proper nutrients or the phagostimulants. Inspite of the fact that many reports are available on pollen composition of various bee preferred plant hosts as well as the bee collected pollens, information on what makes pollen most attractive or what pollen component particularly the amino acids contributes to pollen collection in honeybees is still obscure. Robinson and Nation (1968) concluded that pollen had a phagostimulatory effect on adult worker bees and suggested the presence of neutral lipids or free amino acids. Schmalzel (1980) has hypothesized that amino acids in pollen may act as phagostimulant alone or in concerned with the other substances for recoganization and pollen by Apis. Among the local flora, contain oil seed crops as toria (Brassica campestris L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and some vegetable crops like radish (R.sativus.), onion (Allium cepa L.) etc. are of great importance to apiculturists. These crops exhibit differential attractivility for pollen collection to honeybees (Usha and Jain, 1996). It thus becomes imperative to make a qualitative analysis of the phagostimulatory effects of some of major pollen components of these hosts. This study was thus aimed with the primary objective to analyze response repertoire of different bee species towards pollen amino acids and their impact upon feeding bees on sugars.

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 Keywords

Apis mellifera,gustatory,pollen,honey,glucose,fructose,bee,activity,comb

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HYDRUS, Soil moisture, Modeling

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The present study used three existing models to estimate the rate of evaporation from pan and farm pond. Statistical analysis was performed to screen the models. The root mean square error (RMSE), percent deviation, coefficient of determination (R2), and scatter plot analysis reveal that for pan and pond evaporation Dalton model predict the evaporation rate close to the actual observed evaporation. Models were developed for predicting pan and pond evaporation on multiple linear regression, and energy balance method. For pan evaporation, model developed by energy balance method gave results with highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9473), lowest root mean square error (1.1403 mmday-1) with closer association between estimated and observed evaporation. For pond evaporation the model developed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis gave results with highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9638), lowest root mean square error (0.7377 mmday-1) with closer association between estimated and observed evaporation.

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Mathematical model for estimating evaporation from a farm pond in a semi-arid region

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How do literary texts orient their readers towards conflicts over understanding the span in terms of time and era and orient accordingly to understand the literature in the right perspective. If we are successful in orienting the students in line with time and the socio - cultural environment in different eras, we shall be highly successful in making them understand the logic and background behind what and how of a piece of literature existing in any subcontinent. Our teaching of literature generally tends to be test centric, which means that we concentrate entirely on the text with referring to any other material-social, political, cultural, intellectual or literary which will help us to enhance our awareness of the text There is always the argument that we can get all these literary understandings from the text itself. But from a realistic viewpoint this is not always the case. Students have a limited awareness of alien environments and cultures and therefore their reading of a novel tends to be inadequate because they are unable to link the literary situation to the socio-cultural background. This is exactly the problem that David Daiches pointed out in his criticism of the New Critics. Daiches pointed out that the New Critics advocacy of not going beyond the page was putting the reader at a disadvantage because the ordinary reader would not have the depth and width of knowledge that the New Critics, who were very learned men, had. A reader, who would not have the critical insight which the new critics possessed, would therefore never get a complete understanding of the text.

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Understanding the Literary History of American Novels

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Television Cartoon Channels, Cartoon Programs, Children, Cognitive Skills and Socialization.

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 Abstract

ling aevam parivesh ke adhar par shiksha snatak ke viddhyarthio ki vyavshayik paripakvata ka addhyayan

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ling aevam parivesh ke adhar par shiksha snatak ke viddhyarthio ki vyavshayik paripakvata ka addhyayan

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For over 35 years now, field of earthquake engineering has existed in our country. There have been significant contributions to seismic safety of several important structures in our country by Indian engineers. It is also seen that due to lack of awareness amongst practicing engineers about provisions that needs to be followed in designing earthquake resistant buildings, the result has been less satisfactory for normal structures during past Earthquake in India. To prevent the buildings from earthquake excitations there are several techniques that are used nowadays such as base isolation, dampers, bracings, etc. This paper is a review on various researches carried out by various researchers and engineers on such systems. The paper consists of a short review on the tests and investigations on systems for earthquake resistance in buildings done by professors, students, etc of various universities from all over the globe and also focuses on the result they obtained. Due to fast urbanization construction of a large number of multi-storeyed buildings, many existing RCC buildings located in seismic zones are deficient to withstand earthquakes. In order fulfil the requirement of this increased population in the limited land the height of building becomes medium to high-rise. But during Bhuj earthquake, in Ahmedabad two buildings which were designed as per IS:1893-1984 and were found to be seriously damaged due to mass irregularity as a swimming pool was located at the 10th floor. During an earthquake, failure of structure starts at points of weakness. Generally weakness is due to geometry, mass discontinuity and stiffness of structure. Hence structures fail during earthquakes due to vertical irregularity. Vertical Mass irregularity is an important factor which is to be considered while designing multi-storeyed building. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with as Response Spectrum analysis was performed on regular and various irregular buildings using Staad-Pro.

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Multi-storey building, Seismic Analysis, Vertical Irregularity, Mass Irregularity, Storey drift, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.

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Honour Killing, Khap Panchayats, Human Rights, Tradition, Family.

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Yogasanas, Muscular Strength, Balance, Kabaddi and college Players

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In our country a considerable part of the Agricultural production depends upon the availability of groundwater. So, exploration of groundwater has got an importance. Groundwater occurrence being a sub-surface phenomenon, its identification and location is based on direct or indirect analysis. Directly it can be observed by terrain features like geological and geomorphic features and their hydrologic characters. In modern techniques GIS tool, remote sensing data were used to prepare and analyse digital layers of lithology, geological structures, drainage and topography to detect the most important promising sites for groundwater exploration. An integrated approach including studies of lithology, drainage and slope have been taken up using GIS techniques. A separate map of existing groundwater levels is integrated with the generated maps to calculate the zones of groundwater. A case study of Beemunipadu, Guladurthi, Kampamalla, Pottipadu of Koilakuntla mandal of Kurnool District is made to detect the ground water zones by using GIS and Remote Sensing applications. The study showed that Remote Sensing and GIS provided efficient tools for mapping promising sites for groundwater exploration. However, the data of groundwater wells would contribute to refining the final locations of most promising sites.

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 Keywords

Geoinformatics, Groundwater, Integration, Weighted Overlay Analysis

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