Volume 7 | Issue 3

 Abstract

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers transformative potential for urban smart city infrastructure, addressing critical challenges in urban management and sustainability. This paper presents an innovative IoT-based smart city framework leveraging Arduino microcontrollers and ESP8266 modules to enhance various urban services, including traffic management, environmental monitoring, water resource management, and public infrastructure control. We implemented an integrated car parking system utilizing infrared (IR) sensors to detect vehicle presence, with real-time display updates on LCD screens. For environmental monitoring, an MQ2 sensor was deployed to measure pollution levels, providing essential data for air quality management. Smart traffic control was achieved through a system of timers and LEDs (red, yellow, green), optimizing traffic flow and reducing congestion. Water level monitoring and management were conducted using moisture sensors, ensuring efficient water usage and supply. The street lighting system was enhanced with LM358 comparators for day and night detection, promoting energy conservation by automatically adjusting light intensity. Data collected from various sensors were transmitted to the Adafruit cloud via the ESP8266 module, enabling real-time data analysis and decision-making. The Arduino microcontroller served as the central unit, coordinating the various sensors and actuators within the smart city framework. Case studies from pilot implementations demonstrate significant improvements in urban service efficiency, resource management, and environmental sustainability. The findings highlight the potential of IoT technologies to create more responsive, adaptive, and sustainable urban environments. Furthermore, this paper discusses the technical challenges and considerations in deploying such IoT systems, including data security, integration complexity, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, the integration of IoT with Arduino and ESP8266 modules in smart city infrastructure represents a pivotal advancement towards smarter, more efficient, and sustainable urban living. This research underscores the transformative impact of IoT in modern urban management, paving the way for future smart cities.

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Internet of Things (IoT), Smart City Infrastructure, Arduino Microcontroller, ESP8266 Module, Infrared (IR) Sensors, MQ2 Sensor, Car Parking System, Pollution Monitoring, Smart Traffic Control.

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Shakespeare's Hamlet adversely starts with Horatio and Marcellus examining the presence of an unpleasant undefined vision that unusually is by all accounts the Ruler of Denmark. As the play fans out, we observe that it is, in actuality, the apparition of Hamlet Sr., the Leader of Denmark. Quickly, the play starts with a vibe of feeling risk for those included who have a brief relationship with his youth Hamlet, the sovereign of Denmark, beside Horatio, Marcellus, and Fortinbras, Hamlet's dearest companions.

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village, sentiments, soul, claudis

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This paper describes the Development of embedded systems in 8051 Lab environment using 8051 microcontroller interrupts, programming in "C"and applications. These applications include an interfacing of seven segment display, Multi-segment display and LCD and these are controlled by external interrupts (INT0, INT1) signals through switches. In this experiment AT89C51 8-bit microcontroller is used to program the interrupts to seven segment display (up/down hexa decimal counter), Multi-segment display (2-digit decimal counter for up/down counter) and LCD. The Hardware description and software developments are presented in this paper. This paper is very useful for beginners like Engineering and PG students.

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Interrupts, seven segment display, multi-segment display, LCD and AT89C51 Microcontroller

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Assam has a rich diversity in fruit crops. Besides the fruits like banana, mango and citrus, there are so many good underutilized for indigenous fruits are available. Some of the indigenous fruits which exhibits high nutritive value with medicinal importance commonly used by rural people are discussed in this paper

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Medicinal values of Assamese Fruits

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This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and noteworthy developments in the field of cosmology. Covering a wide range of topics, including the study of the universe's origins, its structure, and evolution, as well as cutting-edge research on dark matter, dark energy, and cosmic microwave background radiation, this review offers insights into the latest findings and theories shaping our understanding of the cosmos. From groundbreaking observational discoveries to theoretical breakthroughs, this abstract encapsulates the dynamic landscape of cosmology research, highlighting its ongoing quest to unravel the mysteries of the universe.This review encapsulates the forefront of cosmological research, providing an in-depth analysis of recent breakthroughs and discoveries that continue to redefine our understanding of the universe. Delving into the realms of inflationary cosmology, gravitational wave astronomy, and the search for elusive dark matter particles, this synthesis explores the latest observational data and theoretical frameworks driving progress in the field. Additionally, it examines the implications of recent advancements in cosmological simulations, multi-messenger astronomy, and the study of cosmic large-scale structures. By elucidating the interplay between observation and theory, this abstract offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of cosmology and underscores the ongoing quest to unravel the deepest mysteries of existence.

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cosmology, research, news

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This paper presents a review on a revolutionary technology often referred to as ''The AI Sentry,''.This is an advanced technological strategy to combat social engineering attacks through artificial intelligence (AI). Social engineering attacks present tremendous threats to individuals, organizations, and nations by having the ability to misuse psychological factors to manipulate the victims into providing confidential information or carrying out certain actions that compromise security [1]. The cybersecurity measures of recent time usually fail to discern as well as thwart such elaborate attacks because these attacks are deceptively carried out and due to the human flaws. The AI Sentry employs machine intelligence technologies such as behavioral pattern analysis, anomaly detection and social engineering attack deception to perform the monitoring activities in real-time. Using Ai enabled functions in the cyber defenses [2], The AI Sentry emphasizes a proactive and adaptive methodology to increase security posture and immunity against social engineering attacks.Although the conventional methods of social engineering defense exhibited some success, they rely heavily on static rules and signatures, thus making it hard for them to keep pace with the fast evolving cyber criminals' tricks. Social engineering attacks have become more sophisticated and targeted making it necessary for the organizations to go beyond layered defense and equip themselves with more advanced and adaptive security measures such as machine learning based detection and behavior analytical tools to effectively deal with such issues.Nevertheless, the use of machine learning machinery in cybersecurity brings along challenges like reliability of data, model readability, and adversarial attacks. Ensuring that training data is provided with integrity and reliability is critical to avoid data biases and permit developing robust ML models. Besides, making sense of the inferences traced by highly nested neural networks proves to be a difficult task, resulting in debates in the realm of transparency and accountability.

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Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Defense, Real-time, Threat Detection, Incident Response, Adaptive Strategies, Cybersecurity, United States.

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Serverless computing has transformed how organizations create, develop, and launch applications, presenting unparalleled scalability, adaptability, and cost efficiency. Yet, realizing peak performance and durability within serverless frameworks necessitates a comprehension of architectural blueprints customized for this model. This whitepaper delves into sophisticated serverless architectural strategies, such as event-driven design, microservices, and serverless APIs. By examining these strategies and offering pragmatic guidance, organizations can harness the complete capabilities of serverless computing to spur innovation and provide meaningful benefits to their customers.

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Serverless Architecture Patterns: Deep Dive into Event-Driven, Microservices, and Serverless APIs

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In recent decades phytoremediation technique had been successfully utilized for its possible application in the field of remediation of contaminated sites. Both inorganic and organic contaminants are responsible for the pollution of environment i.e. soil and water. Phytoremediation because of its cost effectiveness and no generation of any secondary by-products has been given preference over other method of treatment as they are responsible for generation of secondary by-product that further requires treatment. Various types of plants are being employed in this technique. Various environmental factors including pH, availability of fertilizer, initial concentration of contaminant and activity of microbes plays an important role important role in the process of phytoremediation. Various factors that affect the process of phytoremediation are discussed in the present paper with main aim to develop the understanding among the researcher so that phytoremediation technique can be employed very easily.

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Remediation; Contaminants; pH, microbial activity

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Catharanthus roseus(L) G. Don, commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle, is a plant with a rich history of medicinal uses in various traditional healing systems. This plant possesses a diverse array of bioactive compounds, making it valuable for numerous therapeutic applications. This abstract provides an overview of the medicinal uses of Catharanthus roseus and highlights its potential in modern medicine. This plant has been traditionally employed in herbal medicine for its antidiabetic properties, primarily due to its ability to lower blood sugar levels. It contains alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, known for their potent anticancer properties. These alkaloids inhibit cell division and have shown efficacy in treating various types of cancer. Furthermore, the plant possesses antihypertensive properties attributed to its alkaloid content, making it a potential remedy for managing high blood pressure. Its use in traditional medicine also extends to treating malaria, and in folk medicine the leaves have been utilized to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disorders. The plant also exhibits analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may offer relief from pain and inflammation. In recent years, research has focused on harnessing the potential of Catharanthus roseus for modern drug development. The isolated compounds from this plant have been incorporated into various pharmaceuticals, demonstrating promising outcomes in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Catharanthus roseus stands as a remarkable plant with a wide range of medicinal properties. Its bioactive compounds hold immense potential for modern medicine, offering opportunities for the development of novel drugs to combat various health conditions. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully explore and validate the therapeutic potential of this plant.

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Catharanthus roseus, anticancer, antidiabetic, vincristine, vinblastine

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The complexity and plurality of India gave our constitution a federal appearance with a unitary character. For smooth functioning of federalism in India emphasis is being given on cooperative federalism, where political dispensations at centre and stat belong to different ruling parties. The essence of cooperative federalism is that the centre and state government should be guided by the broader or national concerns of using the available resources for people's benefit. Different promises are made by the dispensation at the centre to maintain cordial relations with the state where other parties are in power but the scene is different.

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Cooperative, Confrontionist, Coalition Govt., Degenerated, Concomitant, Negotiating, Opportunistic

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Flower biology studies various floral characteristics, such as flowering time, flower morphology, number of stamens and type of anther dehiscence, number of pollen and ovules, presence of nectar and odor to determine reproductive success. Study the contribution of flowers to flower biology is related to pollination mechanisms. Floral biology and pollination are prerequisites for fruit and seed formation and for the development of various preservation protocols. The aim of this study is to elucidate the flower biology, flowering, pollen production and flower visitor foraging behavior of Vigna catjang Endl. Seeds of economically important plants belonging to the legume family and used as legumes.

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Flower biology, pollination mechanisms, pollen production.

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At present time, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) assumes a basic part in the development of rustic districts which essentially comprises of 2/third populace in all over India. RRBs give offices of ideal credit and different fundamental administrations which required for the help of individuals of provincial locales. The effectivity of provincial money profoundly depends on the money potential and capacity. At provincial level, RRBs are the one of the most significant and fundamental monetary and monetary association which gives different valuable offices to individuals of country districts. This examination and examination is fundamentally directed based on optional wellspring of data which was accumulated from the yearly report of NABARD. Thus, one might say that the monetary and monetary exhibitions of RRBs has expanded surprisingly.

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Regional Rural Banks, Financial Performance, Rural Areas, NABARD.

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In this work, metal complexes of the type, [M(INH)2(H2O)2](NO3)2, where M = Mn(II), Ni(II) and INH = isoniazid, have been synthesized and characterized by melting point, conductometric measurements, TGA, UV-Vis, IR studies. Both the complexes adopt octahedral geometry around the metal ion. The molar conductance of one milli-molar solution of the complexes measured in DMF indicates that the metal complexes are 1:2 electrolyte. The thermal analysis suggests that the complexes contain water molecules because metal oxide is left as residue.

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Isoniazid, TGA, DSC

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Honeybees are well known to engage in highly preferential selection of the plant species whose flower they exploit for harvesting nectar, pollen or both at the same time. These are known to readily discriminate within various plants, selecting or tending to neglect others (Dhingra and Jain, 1995). Pollen is of vital importance to honeybees as it is the major source of nitrogenous food. Pollen is the ultimate source of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and amino acids to all the species of family Apidae. Honeybees being Polylectic in nature are attracted to a variety of flowers. There have been so far many attempts to discover differences in pollen nutrients from various species. In most pollen, carbohydrates and proteins constitute the major matter. The nutritive value of pollen however in different plant species varies considerably (Singh, 1996). Honeybees also exhibit differences in feeding preferences and survival when fed pollen of different plant species (Schmidt et al, 1995). A few plant species even do not attract honeybees inspite of fact these yield sufficient pollen (Dhingra and Jain, 1995). Certain plants in the vicinity of agriculture crop to be pollinated by bees may thus prove more attractive to the bees; as a result many targeted crop will appear neglected for pollination. There has been many such studies reporting the problem of plant competition or identifying non-crop plants competing with beneficial crop for visit by pollen collecting honeybees (Olsen et al, 1979). Despite the fact that honeybees feed up on specific or a variety of pollen as food, there has been much been much difficulty in finding suitable substitute for pollen. Poor acceptability of pollen substituent may result in part due to lack of proper nutrients or the phagostimulants. Inspite of the fact that many reports are available on pollen composition of various bee preferred plant hosts as well as the bee collected pollens, information on what makes pollen most attractive or what pollen component particularly the amino acids contributes to pollen collection in honeybees is still obscure. Robinson and Nation (1968) concluded that pollen had a phagostimulatory effect on adult worker bees and suggested the presence of neutral lipids or free amino acids. Schmalzel (1980) has hypothesized that amino acids in pollen may act as phagostimulant alone or in concerned with the other substances for recoganization and pollen by Apis. Among the local flora, contain oil seed crops as toria (Brassica campestris L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and some vegetable crops like radish (R.sativus.), onion (Allium cepa L.) etc. are of great importance to apiculturists. These crops exhibit differential attractivility for pollen collection to honeybees (Usha and Jain, 1996). It thus becomes imperative to make a qualitative analysis of the phagostimulatory effects of some of major pollen components of these hosts. This study was thus aimed with the primary objective to analyze response repertoire of different bee species towards pollen amino acids and their impact upon feeding bees on sugars.

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Apis mellifera,gustatory,pollen,honey,glucose,fructose,bee,activity,comb

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HYDRUS, Soil moisture, Modeling

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The present study used three existing models to estimate the rate of evaporation from pan and farm pond. Statistical analysis was performed to screen the models. The root mean square error (RMSE), percent deviation, coefficient of determination (R2), and scatter plot analysis reveal that for pan and pond evaporation Dalton model predict the evaporation rate close to the actual observed evaporation. Models were developed for predicting pan and pond evaporation on multiple linear regression, and energy balance method. For pan evaporation, model developed by energy balance method gave results with highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9473), lowest root mean square error (1.1403 mmday-1) with closer association between estimated and observed evaporation. For pond evaporation the model developed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis gave results with highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9638), lowest root mean square error (0.7377 mmday-1) with closer association between estimated and observed evaporation.

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Mathematical model for estimating evaporation from a farm pond in a semi-arid region

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How do literary texts orient their readers towards conflicts over understanding the span in terms of time and era and orient accordingly to understand the literature in the right perspective. If we are successful in orienting the students in line with time and the socio - cultural environment in different eras, we shall be highly successful in making them understand the logic and background behind what and how of a piece of literature existing in any subcontinent. Our teaching of literature generally tends to be test centric, which means that we concentrate entirely on the text with referring to any other material-social, political, cultural, intellectual or literary which will help us to enhance our awareness of the text There is always the argument that we can get all these literary understandings from the text itself. But from a realistic viewpoint this is not always the case. Students have a limited awareness of alien environments and cultures and therefore their reading of a novel tends to be inadequate because they are unable to link the literary situation to the socio-cultural background. This is exactly the problem that David Daiches pointed out in his criticism of the New Critics. Daiches pointed out that the New Critics advocacy of not going beyond the page was putting the reader at a disadvantage because the ordinary reader would not have the depth and width of knowledge that the New Critics, who were very learned men, had. A reader, who would not have the critical insight which the new critics possessed, would therefore never get a complete understanding of the text.

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Understanding the Literary History of American Novels

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Television Cartoon Channels, Cartoon Programs, Children, Cognitive Skills and Socialization.

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 Abstract

ling aevam parivesh ke adhar par shiksha snatak ke viddhyarthio ki vyavshayik paripakvata ka addhyayan

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ling aevam parivesh ke adhar par shiksha snatak ke viddhyarthio ki vyavshayik paripakvata ka addhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition