Volume 5 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. However, there exists a growing interest in the development of more and more complex integrated optical devices. In IOS we distinguish between optical integrated circuits, which perform functions similar to electronic circuits in communications systems, and planar optical devices, which are integrated optical systems other than communication systems. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. The goal of Integrated Optical Sensor (IOS) is to develop miniaturized optical devices of high functionality on a common substrate. The state-of-the-art of integrated optics is still far behind its electronic counterpart. Today, only a few basic functions are commercially feasible. The transmission and processing of signals carried by optical beams rather than by electrical currents or radio waves. When the development of the laser first provided a stable source of coherent light for such applications.

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 Keywords

IOS, Integrated Circuits, Optics, Optical beams, coherent light

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Now-a-days, security is a major concern in every region The Wireless Sensor Network is also facing many security problems due to processing power, storage resource, bandwidth and communication ability to expose inside activity and possible attacks. These problems raise severe concerns and points toward necessity to find suitable techniques to provide security to the network. This paper presents various types of attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Security, Wireless sensor network, Attacks

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In GPS the satellite signal is easily disturbed by the objects in the surroundings of receiver which reduces the accuracy in amplitude and phase of the receiving signal. As a result of the reflections of the signals, carrier phase multipath is caused which is the major problem at GPS receivers. Multipath is the propagation phenomenon in which the signals received by antenna other than line of sight signal is called multipath signal . Multipath signal is superimposed on the direct signal. GPS receivers provide the signal to noise ratio (SNR) used for estimation of multipath errors. Signal Quality Measurement is used for computation of phase error in the signal. In this paper we are using MUSIC algorithm to calculate the multipath parameter i.e amplitude and multipath phase. We are estimating the errors that are occurred due to the multipath which is further used to improve GPS signal precession.

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global positioning system (GPS), MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal quality, multipath.

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VANET, Cluster based reliable routing, RSU, Cluster Controller.

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Copper, Bone-implants, Reviews, Material engineering, Review analysis, Meta Analysis

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Mostly both young and old get back pain, but if it is not treated in time the disease takes a permanent shape. Ladies suffer back ache to a great extent during the period of menstruation and pregnancy. It is also possible that this pain may result in fever if the pain is excessive. Lower back pain is muscle tension (or) stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior glutel folds with (or) without leg pain (or) discomfort pain in the region of the back (or) spine. Pain felt in your lower back may come from the spine, muscles, nerve (or) other Back pain can be result of Poor posture, Back strain from poorly designed furniture, Weak back and stomach muscles due to lack of exercise Yoga is a powerful art with incredible healing power. Many incurable and longstanding diseases can be cured through yoga. The yoga treatment is scientific .se, structures in that region etc Yoga is a safe and effective alternative form of medicine for back pain. It helps stretch and strengthens the muscle of the back, abdomen muscle, extremities reduce the tension, increase the flexibility, promotes respiratory and cardio vascular function and maintain posture .It is also reduce risk of disabilities. It increases awareness of the body and how to keep health body. It build muscle mass and maintain muscle strength which protect from lower back pain. It may be concluded that yoga training had a highly positive impact in management of lower back pain.

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Lower back pain, Yoga , pranayama

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One of the most important tasks of the government is to manage economy of the country. It has to decide the means and methods to be used towards this. However, this job was taken up by almost all countries only after great depression. In pre depression era, there was faith in laissez Faire model of economy

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sion. In pre depression era, there was faith

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Services marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a product. Marketing a service-base business is different from marketing a product-base business. Services marketing is a specialized branch of marketing. Services marketing emerged as a separate field of study in the early 1980s, following the recognition that the unique characteristics of services required different strategies compared with the marketing of physical goods. The purpose of this paper is to study the concept, scope and challenges and issues in service marketing. Keywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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eywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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Rainfall-runoff models are used to describe the hydrological behavior of a catchment. The relationship between rainfall and runoff is known to be highly non- linear, time varying and spatially distributed. This study presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks to model daily rainfall- runoff for Osmansagar catchment, Hyderabad, India using Levenberg- Marquardt back propagation algorithm. To study the performance of the model developed, various statistical performance indices namely correlation coefficient, normalised root mean square error, coefficient of efficiency, average absolute relative error and threshold statistic are computed during training and testing phases. The results indicate that ANN can effectively be used to model daily rainfall- runoff process

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Rainfall, Runoff, Neural Networks

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In this paper, we have a tendency to tend to gift the matter of mixed sound event verification in associate extremely wireless detector network for home automation systems. In home automation systems, the sound recognized by the system becomes the premise for taking part in positive tasks. However, if a target provide is mixed with another sound because of synchronal incidence, the system would generate poor recognition results, later leading to inappropriate responses. Home automation should be easier and straightforward to use and but value effective to be wide acceptable. Wireless home automation lately should use the foremost recent technology advances thus on be user friendly and powerful. There has been innumerable labor done already throughout this area. throughout this project, current technology components square measure used and residential automation is implemented victimization the communication technologies like net and speech recognition. The comes will analysis and choose fully totally different programme prospects for home automation for mobile devices. The automation centers on victimization relatively inexpensive wireless communication modules. The supposed home automation system will management the lights and electrical appliances in home victimization voice commands.

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WSN, VAD, VHD

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This paper aims at giving an overview his paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security systems in automobiles for today and future development. The perception of safety and security problems on the part of those parties involved in the operation of public transportation. This perception is used as a base to develop an improvement agenda for the particular context of developing countries. The rank of importance for each factor is analyzed by applying the factor analysis. Analysis shows that the user is the most important party involved. The understanding and awareness of the user (including the driver) is the most important variable to imove the condition.

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Automobile, Safety, Security, Public Pransportation.

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In this paper we aim to through some light on Global and Indian Scenario of Indian Automotive Industry.The automotive industry is increasingly becoming the cynosure of the manufacturing sector across the world. The attention and importance to the automotive industry in the economic development and planning policies of Indian Government and its agencies has also witnessed significant up rise. The Indian industry has been evolving over the years, meeting up with challenges as diverse as transitions, consolidations and restructuring, and thereby adapting to the new market conditions.

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Automotive industry, Global, Indian Government, Vehicles

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This paper deals with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction in nine-level inverter-fed induction motor drive. Nine-level voltage source inverter-fed induction motor drive is modeled and simulated using matlab simulink and the results are presented. The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in harmonics. The hardware is implemented and the results are presented. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

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THD, Induction motor, Voltage source inverter, Multilevel inverter, Matlab Simulink.

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The history of Indian English literature has one most noteworthy event in the nineteen thirties was appearance in the scene of its major trio; MulkrajAnand, R.K.Narayan and Raja Rao, whose novels were published in 1935, 1935 and 1938 respectively; it is a mark of their stature that they reveled each in his own characteristic way, the various possibilities of Indian English fictions. Mulk Raj Anand has different shades - as great scholar, a teacher of king dynasty, a novelist, a social reformer, a civil servant, a thought provoker, a journalist, a politician, a humanist, a strong writer, a literary story teller - make him produce many useful and outstanding works that expose sufferings of suppressed and oppressed, depressed and downtrodden. Consequently, he proves himself as a versatile genius, an optimist, a humanist, a profound thinker, a moving speaker, an able organizer, a capital storyteller, and a literary architect through his thought provoking and worth reading novels. In short, his novels are nothing but a medley of different shades. The novel "Gouri"takes us to a village, like Nandpur, with its stern classical order obstructing the current changes. The conflict between adherence to superstition and violating it for new values of life forms the fabric of this novel. While going through the novel, it deals with the readers in three angles. The first two chapters show Gouri as gentle as a Cow, suffering mutely under the clutches of her mother-in-law and her husband. The next four chapters focuses how Gouri was necked out of her house, undergoes her metamorphosis as a result of her life at Hoshiarpur. Gourisymbolises the strength and purity of Sita and she is one of the most memorable female characters in the whole range of Indian fiction. The novel, as the author rightly tells us, is his "offering to the beauty, dignity and devotion of Indian women". It is also remarkably different from other Anand's novels in its tightness of structure. The cow like gentle Gouri presented in the first chapter, undergoes epic transformation mainly through suffering and at the end of the novel, she succeeds in vindicating her right to an independent life free from the violation and abrasions of male supremacy.

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SOCIAL TABOOS AGAINST WOMEN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GOURI OF MULKRAJ ANAND

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Soft power encompasses the work of governments and non-governmental actors and citizens and includes economic, political, and cultural institutions and values. Soft power matters. It is an important influence in international relations, global cultures and political economy. Soft power overlaps but is not coterminous with, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, and cultural relations. Soft power takes place in a fast-changing global context. In Sri Lanka after the end of the civil war in 2009, there is a move to use soft power by many Tamil groups notably from the Tamil diaspora across Europe and America. This includes involving India, USA, Canada, UK, European Union etc. It is in this context the Tamils should understand the nuances of the use of soft power and exercise it to achieve their goals in the absence of a military solution to this problem.

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Diaspora, lobbying, networking, policy, security

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The Mohd. Ahmad Khan vs. Shah Bano Begum & Ors. or the Shah Bano maintenance case is seen as one of the legal milestones in battle for protection of rights of Muslim women. While the Supreme Court upheld the right to alimony in the case, the judgment set off a political battle as well as a controversy about the extent to which courts can interfere in Muslim personal law. The case laid the ground for Muslim women's fight for equal rights in matters of marriage and divorce in regular courts. After the verdict, the Indian National Congress intervened in the Indian Parliament and nullified the case as it was a matter related to the personal laws of the Muslims nullifying the justice rendered by the Supreme Court of India.

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Supreme Court, verdict, discriminations, constitution, alimony

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Forests have been severely impacted by population pressure, conversion of forests into agricultural land, and allotment of land to displaced people, leading to a decline in natural resources and a need for effective forest management for sustainable production. India has transitioned from traditional training and education to university education, emphasizing the importance of environmental education for human resource generation, natural resource management, pollution prevention, ecosystem preservation, water budget control, and soil erosion prevention. India has established environmental sciences as a separate department in many universities since 1980, but the current education system needs to evolve to meet the increasing challenges of the 21st century. Environmental studies are heavily incorporated into schools curriculums and classroom interactions, with many states adopting it as a separate subject for students in class 3 and above. The National Curriculum Framework emphasizes providing a "education for life" and making learning relevant to daily life. The education system has been restructured to focus on watershed management planning, eco-development, environmental conservation, biodiversity conservation, land and forest resource economics, silviculture, decision-making science, forest biometrics, joint forest management project formulation and appraisal, medicinal plant cultivation, environmental laws, farmer's rights, benefits sharing, tribal welfare, global forestry, and computer application. However, the current environmental education system faces contradictions, such as a lack of national consensus, strong faculties/departments, infrastructure, course curriculum, academic packages, research priorities, job opportunities, and coordination. Neighborhood awareness and action programs are planned to facilitate understanding of neighborhood concepts, motivate voluntary actions, and promote energy and resource conserving methods in neighborhood building and management.

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Environmental education, natural resource management, ecosystem preservation, silviculture, pollution prevention.

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Today we are having a family well developed banking system with different classes of banks- public sector banks, foreign banks, private sector banks, RRBs and Cooperatives banks. The RBI is at the paramount of all the banks.

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Recent trends in Indian banking sector

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