Volume 5 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. However, there exists a growing interest in the development of more and more complex integrated optical devices. In IOS we distinguish between optical integrated circuits, which perform functions similar to electronic circuits in communications systems, and planar optical devices, which are integrated optical systems other than communication systems. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. The goal of Integrated Optical Sensor (IOS) is to develop miniaturized optical devices of high functionality on a common substrate. The state-of-the-art of integrated optics is still far behind its electronic counterpart. Today, only a few basic functions are commercially feasible. The transmission and processing of signals carried by optical beams rather than by electrical currents or radio waves. When the development of the laser first provided a stable source of coherent light for such applications.

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 Keywords

IOS, Integrated Circuits, Optics, Optical beams, coherent light

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Now-a-days, security is a major concern in every region The Wireless Sensor Network is also facing many security problems due to processing power, storage resource, bandwidth and communication ability to expose inside activity and possible attacks. These problems raise severe concerns and points toward necessity to find suitable techniques to provide security to the network. This paper presents various types of attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks.

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 Keywords

Security, Wireless sensor network, Attacks

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In GPS the satellite signal is easily disturbed by the objects in the surroundings of receiver which reduces the accuracy in amplitude and phase of the receiving signal. As a result of the reflections of the signals, carrier phase multipath is caused which is the major problem at GPS receivers. Multipath is the propagation phenomenon in which the signals received by antenna other than line of sight signal is called multipath signal . Multipath signal is superimposed on the direct signal. GPS receivers provide the signal to noise ratio (SNR) used for estimation of multipath errors. Signal Quality Measurement is used for computation of phase error in the signal. In this paper we are using MUSIC algorithm to calculate the multipath parameter i.e amplitude and multipath phase. We are estimating the errors that are occurred due to the multipath which is further used to improve GPS signal precession.

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global positioning system (GPS), MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal quality, multipath.

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VANET, Cluster based reliable routing, RSU, Cluster Controller.

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Copper, Bone-implants, Reviews, Material engineering, Review analysis, Meta Analysis

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Mostly both young and old get back pain, but if it is not treated in time the disease takes a permanent shape. Ladies suffer back ache to a great extent during the period of menstruation and pregnancy. It is also possible that this pain may result in fever if the pain is excessive. Lower back pain is muscle tension (or) stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior glutel folds with (or) without leg pain (or) discomfort pain in the region of the back (or) spine. Pain felt in your lower back may come from the spine, muscles, nerve (or) other Back pain can be result of Poor posture, Back strain from poorly designed furniture, Weak back and stomach muscles due to lack of exercise Yoga is a powerful art with incredible healing power. Many incurable and longstanding diseases can be cured through yoga. The yoga treatment is scientific .se, structures in that region etc Yoga is a safe and effective alternative form of medicine for back pain. It helps stretch and strengthens the muscle of the back, abdomen muscle, extremities reduce the tension, increase the flexibility, promotes respiratory and cardio vascular function and maintain posture .It is also reduce risk of disabilities. It increases awareness of the body and how to keep health body. It build muscle mass and maintain muscle strength which protect from lower back pain. It may be concluded that yoga training had a highly positive impact in management of lower back pain.

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Lower back pain, Yoga , pranayama

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One of the most important tasks of the government is to manage economy of the country. It has to decide the means and methods to be used towards this. However, this job was taken up by almost all countries only after great depression. In pre depression era, there was faith in laissez Faire model of economy

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sion. In pre depression era, there was faith

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Services marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a product. Marketing a service-base business is different from marketing a product-base business. Services marketing is a specialized branch of marketing. Services marketing emerged as a separate field of study in the early 1980s, following the recognition that the unique characteristics of services required different strategies compared with the marketing of physical goods. The purpose of this paper is to study the concept, scope and challenges and issues in service marketing. Keywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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eywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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Rainfall-runoff models are used to describe the hydrological behavior of a catchment. The relationship between rainfall and runoff is known to be highly non- linear, time varying and spatially distributed. This study presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks to model daily rainfall- runoff for Osmansagar catchment, Hyderabad, India using Levenberg- Marquardt back propagation algorithm. To study the performance of the model developed, various statistical performance indices namely correlation coefficient, normalised root mean square error, coefficient of efficiency, average absolute relative error and threshold statistic are computed during training and testing phases. The results indicate that ANN can effectively be used to model daily rainfall- runoff process

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Rainfall, Runoff, Neural Networks

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In this paper, we have a tendency to tend to gift the matter of mixed sound event verification in associate extremely wireless detector network for home automation systems. In home automation systems, the sound recognized by the system becomes the premise for taking part in positive tasks. However, if a target provide is mixed with another sound because of synchronal incidence, the system would generate poor recognition results, later leading to inappropriate responses. Home automation should be easier and straightforward to use and but value effective to be wide acceptable. Wireless home automation lately should use the foremost recent technology advances thus on be user friendly and powerful. There has been innumerable labor done already throughout this area. throughout this project, current technology components square measure used and residential automation is implemented victimization the communication technologies like net and speech recognition. The comes will analysis and choose fully totally different programme prospects for home automation for mobile devices. The automation centers on victimization relatively inexpensive wireless communication modules. The supposed home automation system will management the lights and electrical appliances in home victimization voice commands.

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WSN, VAD, VHD

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This paper aims at giving an overview his paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security systems in automobiles for today and future development. The perception of safety and security problems on the part of those parties involved in the operation of public transportation. This perception is used as a base to develop an improvement agenda for the particular context of developing countries. The rank of importance for each factor is analyzed by applying the factor analysis. Analysis shows that the user is the most important party involved. The understanding and awareness of the user (including the driver) is the most important variable to imove the condition.

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Automobile, Safety, Security, Public Pransportation.

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In this paper we aim to through some light on Global and Indian Scenario of Indian Automotive Industry.The automotive industry is increasingly becoming the cynosure of the manufacturing sector across the world. The attention and importance to the automotive industry in the economic development and planning policies of Indian Government and its agencies has also witnessed significant up rise. The Indian industry has been evolving over the years, meeting up with challenges as diverse as transitions, consolidations and restructuring, and thereby adapting to the new market conditions.

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Automotive industry, Global, Indian Government, Vehicles

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This paper deals with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction in nine-level inverter-fed induction motor drive. Nine-level voltage source inverter-fed induction motor drive is modeled and simulated using matlab simulink and the results are presented. The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in harmonics. The hardware is implemented and the results are presented. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

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THD, Induction motor, Voltage source inverter, Multilevel inverter, Matlab Simulink.

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This paper explores the role of genetic modification (GM) in enhancing crop resilience to climate change, focusing on key advancements, applications, and challenges. Genetic modification offers promising solutions to counter climate-induced stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity, with significant improvements in crop yield and sustainability. Through an analysis of current GM technologies, particularly CRISPR, and multi-trait crop development, the paper highlights their potential in building climate-resilient agricultural systems. It also discusses the specific case of Rajasthan, India, where GM crops could address region-specific challenges like water scarcity and soil salinization. Despite the potential benefits, challenges such as high development costs, regulatory hurdles, public scepticism, and environmental concerns limit the widespread adoption of GM crops. The paper concludes by examining prospects, including advancements in bioinformatics and computational tools, and stresses the importance of integrating GM technologies with traditional breeding methods to develop more resilient crop varieties. A balanced approach combining innovation and sustainable agricultural practices is essential for addressing global food security in the face of climate change.

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Genetic modification, climate resilience, CRISPR, drought tolerance, crop yield, GM crops, Rajasthan, bioinformatics, agricultural sustainability, food security

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Abstract Quality assessment of fruits plays a key part in the global economy's agricultural sector. In recent years, it has been shown that fruits are affected by different diseases, which can lead to widespread economic failure in the agricultural industry. Traditional manual visual grading of fruits could be more accurate, making it difficult for agribusinesses to assess quality efficiently. The quality and safety of food is an important issue to the whole society, since it is at the basis of human health, social development and stability. Ensuring food quality and safety is a complex process, and all stages of food processing must be considered, from cultivating, harvesting and storage to preparation and consumption. However, these processes are often labor-intensive. Nowadays, the development of machine vision can greatly assist researchers and industries in improving the efficiency of food processing. Computer vision based food recognition is a technology that uses machine learning algorithms to identify and classify different types of food in digital images or videos. This technology has a wide range of applications, including dietary analysis and tracking, nutrition labeling, and food safety. One of the key benefits of food recognition is the ability to automatically extract nutritional information from food images.

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Keywords: Automated Food Inspection, Food Grading, Deep Learning, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Image Classification, Object Detection, Image Segmentation.

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The realm of archives, archivists, and archival practices has significantly transformed to meet contemporary societal demands. This paper explores the dynamic role of archives in preserving collective memory, the evolving responsibilities of archivists, and the impact of postmodernism on archival practices. Traditionally, archives were primarily repositories of historical records for state and institutional use. However, they have expanded to serve broader societal functions, becoming vital tools for constructing histories, shaping cultural identities, and supporting social justice initiatives. The study examines the shifting responsibilities of archivists, who now act as mediators in creating and maintaining archives, balancing record preservation with ethical considerations and inclusivity. The influence of postmodernism on archival theory and practice challenges traditional notions of objectivity and neutrality in record-keeping. Postmodernism highlights the importance of context, the subjective nature of documentation, and the role of power in record creation and preservation. This paper underscores the necessity for archivists to adopt a reflective and critical approach, recognizing inherent biases in archival processes and striving for inclusivity and representation of marginalized voices. It highlights the transformation of archives from state-centric repositories to dynamic institutions serving broader societal functions, necessitating continuous adaptation of archival practices.

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Keywords: Preservation, Archival Records, Archivist, Postmodernism, Record-Keeping

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Feminine ideologies have faced criticism for their portrayal of both sexes and the male hegemonic aspects of society. Margaret Drabble and Doris Lessing explore the complex nature of patriarchal pressures that lead women to deceive others. In Drabble's The Waterfall, Jane Gray deceives her friend Lucy to achieve a self-secured position, fearing rejection, competitiveness, and insecurity. In Doris Lessing's A Proper Marriage, Martha desires female liberation from patriarchal clutches through different means. Jane believes that male assistance is necessary for a sustainable and liberal life, while Martha does not compromise on her liberty. Both Jane and Martha feel the need to present their original contribution hidden in male hegemonic powers, aiming to create a harmonious atmosphere in society. Thus, applying the different feminine theories, the current research underscores that both novels exhibit a true representation of a patriarchal society, with the protagonists Jane Gray and Martha Quest aiming to bring a life for women that is equally respectable and liberal to men in all spheres.

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Women, Politics and Resistance in Margaret Drabble's The Waterfall and Doris Lessing's A Proper Marriage

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This study undertakes an in-depth exploration into the nuanced perceptions held by parents regarding their children's consumption of cartoons. It seeks to uncover the complex influences that cartoons exert on children's development as perceived by their caregivers. The prevalence of cartoons as a primary form of entertainment for primary school going children from six years old, with dedicated viewership emerging by the age of 12 years, highlights the significance of understanding of parental attitudes towards this medium. While cartoons may offer benefits such as educational content, nurturing creativity, and providing entertainment, there exists a parallel concern regarding the potential negative effects they may impart. This study focuses on these divisions and complexities inherent in children's engagement with cartoons. By investigating into the perceptions and judgments of parents, this research seeks to illuminate the intricate interplay between cartoons and children's development. It aims to promote awareness and informed discourse surrounding the impacts of cartoon consumption on young minds. Through an exploration of parental perspectives, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse influences that cartoons can have on children, both positive and negative, within the context of their developmental journey.

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 Keywords

Television cartoon, parents and children, co-viewing, perception

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