Volume 11 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Speaking about prose to Linda Sandler, Margaret Atwood postulates, "A Novel is something you see and the primary focus of interest is people" (Conversations Series). She describes herself as a "bemused sometimes disheartened observer of society". In her address at the Amnesty International meeting in 1981, Atwood comments on the perception of the artists craft, "we are not good at analyzing it in terms of his politics and by and large we do not do so," (Fraser 170), inviting a political reading of her text. The Handmaid's Tale is a dark dystopic novel depicting the America of the 1990s, transformed into a totalitarian theocracy called the Republic of Gilead. In creating this feminist dystopia, Atwood employs distortion rather than direct attack to critique. Utopias are not imagined as conclaves which are enclosed regulated and rationalized systems, but rather as progressive processes of relationships between human beings. The Handmaid's Tale presents a distortion of all utopic impulses. We accost, in the nightmarish world of the Gilead, human beings whose marginality in gender, race, class and economic power renders them a 'non subject' in terms of the dominant social formation.

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Utopia, Dystopia, Patriarchy, Parody, Regulatory Impulse,

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In recent times, the world has been experiencing an increase in medical cases. These medical cases are due to the inappropriate disposal of hospital wastes. Medical wastes are not minded properly that contain hazardous wastes that lead to different viruses. Medical waste is some waste that is generated in healthcare centers, such as hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. Medical waste can contain chemicals, such as mercury, lead, and other hazardous materials that can leach into the soil and water, leading to environmental pollution. This pollution can also cause health problems for people living in the surrounding areas. The medical waste may contain infectious or hazardous materials that can pose a risk to human health and the environment. Hazardous waste in hospitals may include: Chemical waste that includes expired or unused chemicals, such as laboratory reagents and solvents, that can pose a risk to human health and the environment if not properly managed. Pharmaceutical waste which includes expired, unused, or contaminated medications, as well as chemotherapy drugs, which can be toxic and harmful if not properly disposed of. Radioactive waste which includes materials that contain radioactive isotopes, such as medical equipment used in radiation therapy or nuclear medicine. Infectious waste includes waste contaminated with infectious agents, such as blood-soaked bandages, used needles, and cultures from laboratory experiments. Sharps waste that includes used needles, syringes, and other sharp objects that can cause injury or transmit infection. Proper management and disposal of hazardous waste in hospitals is critical to protect the health and safety of patients, healthcare workers, and the environment. This may include segregating hazardous waste from non- hazardous waste, providing designated containers for different types of waste, labeling containers appropriately, and ensuring that waste is stored and transported safely to prevent contamination. Hospitals may also use specialized treatment methods, such as incineration or autoclaving, to treat hazardous waste before disposal.Medical waste is potentially dangerous. So, we have proposed a modified method of Sorting of medical wastes in the dustbin is very important. In this Continuation, we framed different rules to apply to treatment of different types of waste. We designed the Smart hospital waste management dustbin by using different sensors for different purposes. The bins are classified based on color. Four colors Red, Blue, Yellow, and Black indicate the different wastes in the Hospital. Sensors such as Ultrasonic measure the distance of the waste to be disposed of and it works along with the Servo Motor for the opening and Closing of the lid. Here, the Camera module for Arduino UNO is attached for the waste Image Recognition and classifies according to the color of the bin. The Gas sensor is set with the maximum range of the gas that st inks from the bin and it alerts the worker by ringing the buzzer. The Buzzer also works when the dumpster is filled. It must be properly managed to protect the general public. Specifically, healthcare and sanitation workers who are regularly exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard. Additionally, a GSM module is connected for the SMS Alert to the frontline workers when the bins get filled and when it stinks. This helps the workers for the immediate action. Healthcare facilities should follow proper protocols for segregation, treatment, and disposal of medical waste to ensure the safety of their employees, patients, and the environment. Hence, disposal and accumulation of waste in the proper manner is of great value as it can lessen direct and indirect health risks to people and damage to flora, fauna and the environment.

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Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Sensor, GSM Module, Image Recognition.

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Eczema is a typical pattern in skin characterized by erythema, excoriation, exudation, dryness, cracking and pruritus which can be either acute or chronic. In developed countries prevalence of Eczema is estimated to 2-10%. It is presented in both acute and chronic form, usually with severity of sign and symptoms. In Unani system of Medicine it is called Narfarsi means like fire because of severity of signs and symptom the term was given. It is caused by safravi maddaa (bilious matter) is admixed with damvi madda (Sanguineous matter) which occur due to multiple factors like extreme condition of environment, presence of lazeh madda (irritative matter) like chemicals, daily uses materials even clothes, ornaments. Hypersensitivity of skin is key factor for occurrence of the same. It is characterized by itching, soreness, and variable degrees of signs including dryness, erythema, excoriation, exudation, fissuring, hyperkeratosis, lichenification, papulation, scaling and vesiculation. Diagnosis is based on clear sign and symptoms apart from this a clinical diagnostic criteria is used named Hannifin and Rajka's criteria and also some specific investigations are available for specific type of Eczema.

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Eczema, Narfarsi, Unani, Herbal, madda

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In 2016, when Maharashtra took a ground-breaking step by criminalizing social boycotts based on caste, community, religion, or customs, the nation held its breath. Yet, despite legal strides, the shadow of mob violence looms large in our ostensibly advanced era. One might ponder, in a world where legal systems defend human rights globally, why does mob justice persist? This paper delves into this unsettling question, questioning the very essence of our Justice Delivery System. Amidst the backdrop of a world where every individual, regardless of background, is entitled to a fair trial, this study takes a critical look at the disconcerting phenomenon of mob violence. Our exploration finds its roots in the enigmatic landscapes of Manipur, a North-eastern state, unravelling the multifaceted layers of 'mob violence.' In this intellectual exploration, we challenge established norms and delve into the complexities of violence, justice, and the Rule of Law. In this ongoing research work, we dissect the very fabric of mob violence, unveiling the harsh realities that persist in our modern world.

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Mob violence, violence, justice, human rights, Rule of Law.

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 Abstract

bharat ki rashtriya surksha chunotiya : goldan tryangel khchetra me nashili dvao ke avaaidhya vyapar ke sandrabh me

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bharat ki rashtriya surksha chunotiya : goldan tryangel khchetra me nashili dvao ke avaaidhya vyapar ke sandrabh me

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 Abstract

BADALTE SAMAJIK PARIDRUSHYA ME SHREEMADBHGVAT GITA KE SAIKSHIK NIHITARTH (NAITIK SIKSHA KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME)

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BADALTE SAMAJIK PARIDRUSHYA ME SHREEMADBHGVAT GITA KE SAIKSHIK NIHITARTH (NAITIK SIKSHA KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME)

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In present day time of digitalization Indian government is attempting to foster money less economy at the spot of existing actual cash custom of India. The greatest challenge for going for cash less economy is to keep up with balance between ease of monetary exchanges and checking acts of neglect. To manages issues of dark cash, Hawala, tax evasion Indian Government has left on the credit only economy. Computerized cash began another period in Indian economy. The goal of this paper is to learn about the effect of cashless money in humans from sociological perspective and studied the advantages and disadvantages of cashless money.

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Digital Payments, Digitalization, Cashless Money, Transaction, Mobile Banking.

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Abstract The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent years. Obesity can increase the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders that are deadly. One of the metabolic diseases caused by obesity is type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus or also known as non-insulin dependent type is a condition of insulin receptor resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by impaired insulin sensitivity, failure of pancreatic beta cells to maintain the amount of insulin to compensate for the resistance that occurs. The mechanism of insulin receptor resistance that commonly occurs is abnormalities of the insulin receptor that reduce INSR expression on the cell surface and post receptor abnormalities. The presence of a single-nucleotide in INSR. 4IBM affects the function of insulin receptors and increases the possibility of INSR-mediated diseases, one way to overcome this is by increasing the expression of 4IBM. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is a traditional plant that is often used as a medicinal ingredient for various disorders and based on previous research has been proven as a potential agent for managing diabetes mellitus. This research is an in silico study that aims to examine the potential of active chemicals contained in cinnamon and their role as 4IBM protein inhibitors for therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus using Autodock tools 1.5.6 and based on the principle of Lamarckian genetic algorithm. Docking results showed binding energy ranged from -6.97 kcal/mol to -5.83 kcal/mol, with Epicathein compound having the smallest binding energy with an inhibitory constant of 7.74. This study can be used as a basis for conducting further research (in vivo and in vitro) related to the active chemicals of cinnamon and their effects as Diabetes Mellitus therapy.

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Diabetes Mellitus, Cinnamomum verum, 4IBM, Autodock tools 1.5.6

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For decades, humans have been attracted to space exploration for scientific, security, and commercial purposes. Private companies like Space X and Blue Origin have embarked on bold plans to commercialize outer space, including tourism, mining space resources, creating alien facilities and even the environment. The distribution of the benefits of outer space has been a matter of great controversy, from the early days of space exploration to the present day. We believe that the tax question, little discussed so far, is essential when reflecting on a good spatial distribution of benefits Treaty of principles governing the activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies (Outer Space Treaty) regulates activities in outer space, bans destructive mass weapons, and prevents states from claiming celestial sovereignty or monopolies. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty provides that outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, cannot be appropriated by a state by claim to sovereignty, use or occupation or by any means. any other method. Many people consider outer space to be the universal common good or even the common heritage of mankind. Therefore, no State should be deprived of the resources and benefits of outer space. It is also widely acknowledged that States undertaking efforts in the exploration and use of outer space has a particular interest in the benefits to be derived therefrom.

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1. PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT- the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on. 2. SPACE EXPLORATION - investigation, by means of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, of the reaches of the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere and the use of the information so gained to increase knowledge of the cosmos and benefit humanity. 3. SPCAE TECHNOLOGY- Space technology includes space vehicles such as space

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In the ever evolving world of today where manufacturing sector is at a boost, the use of steel in recent times has gained paramount importance.As per the demand of consumers, various alterations can be made in the properties of steel by performing already known heat dissipation techniques and application can be well classified.Aim of the review is to collect the information about the effect of various heat treatments on the properties of steel especially the effect of quenching on the mechanical and physical properties of the steel.Along with quick cooling that is quenching, the review also highlights on the effect of other heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing and tempering.The mechanical properties can easily be modified by heat treating the steel to suit a particular design purpose.In order to improve the properties, the steels have to be heat treated. The paper include the effect of the heat treatment on some properties of steel such as tensile strength, percentage elongation, micro-hardness, ultimate tensile strength, Grey relation co-efficient, fatigue characteristics, hardness test, micro-structure study, chemical composition, yield strength, impact energy, S-N behaviour, wear rate, toughness.The paper include the effect of the properties of steel in different quenching media such as water, oil, brine solution, etc.

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Heat treatment, Steel, Mechanical properties, Quenching, Tempering

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Education is the back bone of a nation. No nation can prosper without education. It is teachers who have the most impact on a nation's future. Children are mainly influenced by their teachers. However the present study was conducted to assess the teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice and to review related to teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources such as books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, Google databases on teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. From the study it was found that teachers' effectiveness and effective teaching practices are very much important to develop and sustain throughout a student's education career. Highly effective teachers structure the classroom environment so that it decreases the likelihood of inappropriate student behavior, increases desirable student interactions, and sets up students for success. Teachers are critical to the success of an educational system. An individual's imaginations, wisdom, love for humanity, and enlightenment can be developed through the guidance of a good teacher. So, relevant authorities and government of the people republic of Bangladesh should arrange contemporary training programs for the teachers. If it is doing so the teachers of the country will be effective, efficient, skilled and the students of Bangladesh will learn more.

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Teacher's effectiveness, Teaching Practice, Training, Students' achievement, Evaluation, Learning, Assessment

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Climate changes are increasing vulnerability of natural resource dependent livelihood practices of large population in Bangladesh. Extreme events such as cyclones, tidal surges, flood, river erosion and salinity stress have been severely affecting agriculture, fishing or fish cultivation and livestock rearing. Communities remain extremely vulnerable to disasters that impeded the key livelihoods in the coastal areas than any other place. The traditional agriculture cropping is decreasing in coastal areas due to variation of fresh water and salinity level and increasing abrupt weather events, tidal inundation and water logging. Large coastal population lacks of climatic information, improved crop varieties and diversified livelihoods to continue adaptation practices. In particular the marginalized and landless coastal people who have limited access to natural, social and institutional services of local govt. institutions are losing adaptive capacity in the long-run. The paper presents livelihood adaptation practices of coastal communities in Bangladesh. Particular emphasis is given on an innovative livelihood model-Forest, Fish and Fruit (Triple F) which shows integrated community based livelihood practices for short-, mid- and long-term adaptation. Drawing the discussion the paper highlights for improving the livelihood practices in a way that incorporates climatic risks in collective resource management and income generation enhance adaptive capacity of coastal community.

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Climate Change, Integrated Community, Adaptation, Coastal, Livelihoods, Bangladesh

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The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. This area of study must contend with problems of lead time bias and length time bias. Lead time bias is the concept that early diagnosis may artificially inflate the survival statistics of a cancer, without really improving the natural history of the disease. Length bias is the concept that slower growing, more indolent tumors are more likely to be diagnosed by screening tests, but improvements in diagnosing more cases of indolent cancer may not translate into better patient outcomes after the implementation of screening programs. A related concern is over diagnosis, the tendency of screening tests to diagnose diseases that may not actually impact the patient's longevity. This problem especially applies to prostate cancer and PSA screening. Some cancer researchers have argued that negative cancer clinical trials lack sufficient statistical power to discover a benefit to treatment. This may be due to fewer patients enrolled in the study than originally planned.

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Cancer epidemiology, cancer prevention, Control, Bangladesh

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Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the most concerning public health issues in the world and also in Bangladesh. It is one of the most common and most ignored threats that a mother can face during her gestational period. However, the present study has conducted to assess the demographic characteristics of pregnant mothers and to assess the knowledge of pregnant mothers about anaemia. Descriptive research design was used in this study. The settings for the study were Gynecology and Obstetrics wards of Khulna Medical College Hospital and Private Clinics at Khulna district in Bangladesh. Purposive sampling method was used for the study. Total 400 pregnant mothers were selected for the study. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary Data were collected from the respondents of the study area by using questionnaire. Secondary Data were collected reviewing secondary data sources. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). From the result it was found that very few mothers in rural areas had knowledge about anaemia during pregnancy but in urban area the level of knowledge about anaemia during pregnancy is more than rural area. Most of the women didn't know the reasons of Anaemia during pregnancy. Very few women know consequences of anaemia during pregnancy. Regular antenatal check up during pregnancy is less among the rural women in Bangladesh. Few women had knowledge of iron deficiency. Most of the women in rural area don't take special and extra diet during pregnancy. All women should be given dietary information to maximize iron intake and absorption specially during pregnancy period. Routine iron supplementation for all women in pregnancy should be recommended in Bangladesh. Anaemic women may require additional precautions for delivery, including delivery in a hospital setting, available intravenous access and blood group and save, active management of the third stage of labour, and plans for excess bleeding.

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Anaemia, Pregnancy, Iron Deficiency, Knowledge, Folic Acid, Extra diet

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 Abstract

The coastal region of Bangladesh covers about approxmatly 20% of total land area and over 30% of the cultivable lands of the country. It includes highly diverse ecosystems e.g. the world's largest single tract of mangroves (the Sundarbans), beaches, coral reefs, dunes and wetlands. With its dynamic natural environments, provides a range of goods and services to the peoples of Bangladesh. It is agreed and documented that being a deltaic coastal country, Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in the world. Climaterelated change in coastal zones embodies potential additional stress on systems that are already under intense and growing pressure. The country has already been facing several climate change effects such as increasing cyclones, flood frequency probabilities, erosion, inundation, rising water tables, salt water intrusion and biological effects. Coastal environments particularly at risk include mangroves, tidal deltas and low-lying coastal plains, sandy beaches, coastal wetlands, estuaries and coral reefs. These bio-geophysical possessions will have consequent effects on ecosystems and eventually affect socio-economic systems in the coastal zone. The Sundarbans, most important ecosystem of the country will be totally lost with one meter rise in sea level. There are two options to minimize the impacts named mitigation and adaptation. It is needed to be considered both mitigation and adaptation options for Bangladesh, even though the country has very limited scope for mitigation. This is why mitigation involves global efforts to execute and adaptation is more local. As a result, effective adaptation policies and mitigation measures ought to be developed and implemented to minimize climate related impacts on Bangladesh.

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Climate Change, Management, Coastal Area, Bangladesh

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Objectives: To asses clinical features and metabolic disorders in PCOS; to find out relationship of PCOS with Infertility. Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Worldwide prevalence of PCOS ranges from 4% to 21%. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and associated clinical and biochemical features among women with infertility attending gynaecological outpatient department (GOPD) at one government hospital and one private chamber in upazilla level, Bangladesh. Methods: Women with infertility attending from july 2021 to June 2022 were recruited to the study. Information on socio-demographic, obstetric, menstrual and other characteristics was collected. Clinical examination of acne, acanthosis nigricans and hirsutism, vaginal ultrasonography for PCO and biochemical analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), AMH, serum prolactin and testosterone were performed. Metabolic disorders were identified by measuring blood pressure, cholesterol level and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: In this study it was found that 59% patients were obese among PCOS patients 90% were in ovulatory dysfunction. 66% PCOS patitents had hirsutism, 59% patients had acne, and 46% had impaired glucose tolerance. This study revealed that 41% PCOS patients had high TG level, 63% had LH: FSH more than 2 that was significant.

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Clinical and biochemical features, PCOS, women, Infertility

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Ever since the economic reforms and the open door policy of 1978, China has experienced a dramatic industrialization. The Chinese government, heavily influenced by Communist values, recognized the need to open up to international trade and become more of a capitalistic country. Hence, reduced trade barriers followed with the economic reform, which has made foreign direct investment increase rapidly. The country made a desired commitment by entering the World Trade Organization, WTO in 2001. The expected consequences were a more rapid development of industries and increasing competition, because of even fewer restrictions on foreign investment. There are a lot of reasons for writing this thesis about China. The country is today an economic giant with a growth in real GDP of on average nine percent per year since 1981 and exceeding 10 percent in recent years. If this growth rate persists, the World Bank is expecting China to become the largest economy in the world in the near future. China has developed clear policies to enhance an export processing type of FDI and has therefore set up several economic zones for foreign investors. For China, this becomes a clear advantage when it comes to attracting FDI, and according to the UN Conference on Trade and Development, China surpassed the United States as the world's largest recipient of FDI for the first time in 2002. Foreign direct investment (FDI) policies play a major role in the economic growth of developing countries around the world. Attracting FDI inflows with conductive policies has therefore become a key battleground in the emerging markets. The prospect of new growth opportunities and outsized profits encourages large capital inflows across a range of industry and opportunity types. And this has led to competition among the states in formulating flexible policies and providing incentives to woo private investors to invest more and more.

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Economic, Growth, Development, FDI, States

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Literally translated infrastructure means something that lies below or comes before (infra) the structure. Thus, it is the foundation on which the structure of the economy that will lead to growth and development is built upon. This is mainly because, access to basic, adequate facilities is viewed as strongly related to the wellbeing of general population in any country. Present study is to study the Review of Rural Infrastructure development under Bharat Nirman Yojna.

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Infrastructure, Development and Bharat Nirman Yojna

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Precision agriculture represents the new age of conventional agriculture. This is made possible by the advancement of various modern technologies such as the internet of things. The unparalleled potential for data collection and analytics has resulted in an increase in multi-disciplinary research within machine learning and agriculture. However, the application of machine learning techniques to agriculture seems to be out of step with core machine learning research. This gap is further exacerbated by the inherent challenges associated with agricultural data. In this work, we conduct a systematic review of a large body of academic literature published between 2016 and 2022, on the application of machine learning techniques to agriculture and identify and discuss some of the key data issues such as class imbalance, data sparsity and high dimensionality. Further, study the impact of these data issues on various machine learning approaches within the context of agriculture. Finally, identify some of the common pitfalls in the machine learning and agriculture research including the misapplication of machine learning evaluation techniques. To this end, this survey presents a holistic view on the state of affairs in the cross-domain of machine learning and agriculture and proposes some suitable mitigation strategies to address these challenges.

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Machine Learning in Precision Agriculture: A Survey on Trends, Applications and Evaluations Over Two Decades

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The aim of my research article is to analyze the relationship between parent and their children in Anita Desai's novel Fasting, Feasting. This research article delves into the intricacies of parent-child relationships in Anita Desai's novel, "Fasting, Feasting," employing Diana Baumrind's, parenting style as a lens for analysis. Diana Baumrind is a renowned developmental psychologist at the University of California at Berkeley in 1960s. Based on two dimensions viz. Demandingness and Responsiveness these four styles are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and uninvolved. Through the lens of Baumrind's parenting styles - authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive - this study illuminates how the characters in the novel navigate the challenges of familial bonds and the consequences of different parenting approaches.

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Indian Literature, Anita Desai, childhood experience, Attachment theory, parenting styles, Indian family, gender bias

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