Volume 11 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Girish Karnad's play The Fire and the Rain (1994) is a complex exploration of power, sacrifice, and human desire, drawing inspiration from the Mahabharata. While the play primarily revolves around themes of ambition, revenge, and spiritual redemption, it also offers a subtle yet powerful tribute to the tribal community through the character of Nittilai. Nittilai, a tribal woman, stands in contrast to the rigid, hierarchical Brahmanical society depicted in the play. Unlike the elite characters, who are consumed by personal ambition and rivalry, Nittilai embodies values of love, compassion, and egalitarianism. Her tribe's customs, particularly the rejection of caste barriers and emphasis on mutual consent in marriage, highlight an alternative societal model--one that values community over rigid social structures. The play's central conflict arises from a grand yajna (fire sacrifice), where Brahmanical priests seek divine intervention for rain. In contrast, the tribal traditions, represented through Nittilai, emphasize a more harmonious relationship with nature and human emotions. Karnad thus critiques the hypocrisy of the elite while showing the tribal way of life as more grounded in humanity. Nittilai's tragic fate--being killed by her own people for breaking tribal norms--demonstrates the oppression that even tribal societies can inflict. However, her selfless love and sacrifice stand in stark contrast to the ruthless power struggles of the priestly elite. Karnad uses her character to highlight the dignity of the tribal community while also critiquing its flaws.

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GIRISH KARNAD'S THE FIRE AND THE RAIN A TRIBUTE TO TRIBAL COMMUNITY

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The 15th Census Report was published in March, 2011. The glimpses of thousands of information collected from this report have shade enough light on the socio-economic condition of the people of West Bengal as well as of India as a whole. The Census of 2021 had not been conducted due to Covid pandemic. In this situation I would like to look back into the pros and cons of previous Census Report (2011) once again. The Census of India had a rich tradition and it must be ranked among the most developed nations of the world. It was in 1872 when the first census in India was undertaken. After that, beginning from 1881 census had been undertaken after every ten years. And in this series the census of 2011 is the 15th and 7th in Independent India.

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Census 2011: A Study on the Socio-economic condition of India with special reference to West Bengal

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SOCIAL MEDIA KA YUWAO PAR PARBHAV KA AK SAMAJSHASHTRIY ADHDHAYAN

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SOCIAL MEDIA KA YUWAO PAR PARBHAV KA AK SAMAJSHASHTRIY ADHDHAYAN

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This research explores the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in data analytics, emphasizing the transformative potential of these technologies alongside the significant challenges they pose. As AI systems are increasingly integrated into various sectors, ethical considerations such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and the necessity for human oversight become critical. The study reviews existing ethical frameworks, identifies gaps in the literature, and analyzes the challenges organizations face in responsibly implementing AI. It proposes actionable strategies, including developing comprehensive ethical guidelines, promoting transparency, and providing targeted training for data scientists. Case studies illustrate how organizations have navigated ethical dilemmas, highlighting successful practices and pitfalls. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of prioritizing ethics in AI to foster societal trust and ensure that technological advancements benefit all stakeholders.

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Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, Ethical Implications, Data Privacy, Algorithmic Bias

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This study investigates the relationship between financial literacy and personal wealth growth by analyzing secondary data from sources such as the World Bank Global Findex, OECD financial literacy surveys, and national statistical reports. The analysis highlights how financial literacy influences financial behaviors, including saving, investing, and debt management, ultimately contributing to wealth accumulation. Findings reveal a positive correlation between financial literacy and personal wealth, showing that individuals with higher financial literacy levels are better equipped to make sound financial decisions, effectively manage risks, and accumulate assets. However, disparities in financial literacy levels are evident across demographics, with younger adults, low-income households, and individuals with limited formal education displaying lower financial literacy. These results emphasize the need for targeted financial education programs to bridge literacy gaps, especially among vulnerable groups. Such initiatives could play a significant role in promoting financial well-being, reducing wealth inequality, and enhancing economic resilience. The study underscores the importance of financial literacy as a vital factor in personal economic security and provides insights for policymakers to foster financial education initiatives that support long-term wealth growth.

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Financial literacy, wealth accumulation, financial behavior, financial education, demographic disparities, economic resilience, personal finance.

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There are many sensors and actuators that make up the IoT, all of which are linked together over wired or wireless networks. Recent years have seen a meteoric rise in the variety of IoT use cases, from smart homes and VANETs to healthcare and smart cities to wearables. According to IHS Markit 1, the number of connected devices is expected to increase from 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030, an average yearly increment of 12 percent. Due to the diversity of IoT architecture, devices, and communication channels (most notably wireless) and the sheer volume of data being transferred over these channels, security has become an urgent concern in the IoT space. As the number of IoT-enabled gadgets grows, so does the significance of ensuring their safety. We propose a novel Deep Learning-based Intrusion Detection System (DLIDS) to identify security threats in IoT environments and thereby help address the aforementioned problems with protecting IoT devices. The accuracy of attack detection is negatively impacted by the fact that many IDSs in the literature do not have optimal feature learning and dataset management. Many signature-based and machine learning/deep learning AUTO ENCODER-based CNN algorithms have been proposed to try and detect such attacks, but their success rate has been less than stellar. We introduce Deep Learning IDS based on the Convolution2D Deep Learning algorithm, which employs many layers to filter IOT data and, as a consequence, obtains optimised features that enable the detection of IOT attacks with a prediction accuracy of 99%.

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Image search, image re-ranking, semantic space, semantic signature, keyword expansion.

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Hindi Prawasi Sahitya Mein Samkaleen Vimarsh

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Hindi Prawasi Sahitya Mein Samkaleen Vimarsh

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Speaking about prose to Linda Sandler, Margaret Atwood postulates, "A Novel is something you see and the primary focus of interest is people" (Conversations Series). She describes herself as a "bemused sometimes disheartened observer of society". In her address at the Amnesty International meeting in 1981, Atwood comments on the perception of the artists craft, "we are not good at analyzing it in terms of his politics and by and large we do not do so," (Fraser 170), inviting a political reading of her text. The Handmaid's Tale is a dark dystopic novel depicting the America of the 1990s, transformed into a totalitarian theocracy called the Republic of Gilead. In creating this feminist dystopia, Atwood employs distortion rather than direct attack to critique. Utopias are not imagined as conclaves which are enclosed regulated and rationalized systems, but rather as progressive processes of relationships between human beings. The Handmaid's Tale presents a distortion of all utopic impulses. We accost, in the nightmarish world of the Gilead, human beings whose marginality in gender, race, class and economic power renders them a 'non subject' in terms of the dominant social formation.

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Utopia, Dystopia, Patriarchy, Parody, Regulatory Impulse,

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In recent times, the world has been experiencing an increase in medical cases. These medical cases are due to the inappropriate disposal of hospital wastes. Medical wastes are not minded properly that contain hazardous wastes that lead to different viruses. Medical waste is some waste that is generated in healthcare centers, such as hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. Medical waste can contain chemicals, such as mercury, lead, and other hazardous materials that can leach into the soil and water, leading to environmental pollution. This pollution can also cause health problems for people living in the surrounding areas. The medical waste may contain infectious or hazardous materials that can pose a risk to human health and the environment. Hazardous waste in hospitals may include: Chemical waste that includes expired or unused chemicals, such as laboratory reagents and solvents, that can pose a risk to human health and the environment if not properly managed. Pharmaceutical waste which includes expired, unused, or contaminated medications, as well as chemotherapy drugs, which can be toxic and harmful if not properly disposed of. Radioactive waste which includes materials that contain radioactive isotopes, such as medical equipment used in radiation therapy or nuclear medicine. Infectious waste includes waste contaminated with infectious agents, such as blood-soaked bandages, used needles, and cultures from laboratory experiments. Sharps waste that includes used needles, syringes, and other sharp objects that can cause injury or transmit infection. Proper management and disposal of hazardous waste in hospitals is critical to protect the health and safety of patients, healthcare workers, and the environment. This may include segregating hazardous waste from non- hazardous waste, providing designated containers for different types of waste, labeling containers appropriately, and ensuring that waste is stored and transported safely to prevent contamination. Hospitals may also use specialized treatment methods, such as incineration or autoclaving, to treat hazardous waste before disposal.Medical waste is potentially dangerous. So, we have proposed a modified method of Sorting of medical wastes in the dustbin is very important. In this Continuation, we framed different rules to apply to treatment of different types of waste. We designed the Smart hospital waste management dustbin by using different sensors for different purposes. The bins are classified based on color. Four colors Red, Blue, Yellow, and Black indicate the different wastes in the Hospital. Sensors such as Ultrasonic measure the distance of the waste to be disposed of and it works along with the Servo Motor for the opening and Closing of the lid. Here, the Camera module for Arduino UNO is attached for the waste Image Recognition and classifies according to the color of the bin. The Gas sensor is set with the maximum range of the gas that st inks from the bin and it alerts the worker by ringing the buzzer. The Buzzer also works when the dumpster is filled. It must be properly managed to protect the general public. Specifically, healthcare and sanitation workers who are regularly exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard. Additionally, a GSM module is connected for the SMS Alert to the frontline workers when the bins get filled and when it stinks. This helps the workers for the immediate action. Healthcare facilities should follow proper protocols for segregation, treatment, and disposal of medical waste to ensure the safety of their employees, patients, and the environment. Hence, disposal and accumulation of waste in the proper manner is of great value as it can lessen direct and indirect health risks to people and damage to flora, fauna and the environment.

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Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Sensor, GSM Module, Image Recognition.

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Eczema is a typical pattern in skin characterized by erythema, excoriation, exudation, dryness, cracking and pruritus which can be either acute or chronic. In developed countries prevalence of Eczema is estimated to 2-10%. It is presented in both acute and chronic form, usually with severity of sign and symptoms. In Unani system of Medicine it is called Narfarsi means like fire because of severity of signs and symptom the term was given. It is caused by safravi maddaa (bilious matter) is admixed with damvi madda (Sanguineous matter) which occur due to multiple factors like extreme condition of environment, presence of lazeh madda (irritative matter) like chemicals, daily uses materials even clothes, ornaments. Hypersensitivity of skin is key factor for occurrence of the same. It is characterized by itching, soreness, and variable degrees of signs including dryness, erythema, excoriation, exudation, fissuring, hyperkeratosis, lichenification, papulation, scaling and vesiculation. Diagnosis is based on clear sign and symptoms apart from this a clinical diagnostic criteria is used named Hannifin and Rajka's criteria and also some specific investigations are available for specific type of Eczema.

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Eczema, Narfarsi, Unani, Herbal, madda

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In 2016, when Maharashtra took a ground-breaking step by criminalizing social boycotts based on caste, community, religion, or customs, the nation held its breath. Yet, despite legal strides, the shadow of mob violence looms large in our ostensibly advanced era. One might ponder, in a world where legal systems defend human rights globally, why does mob justice persist? This paper delves into this unsettling question, questioning the very essence of our Justice Delivery System. Amidst the backdrop of a world where every individual, regardless of background, is entitled to a fair trial, this study takes a critical look at the disconcerting phenomenon of mob violence. Our exploration finds its roots in the enigmatic landscapes of Manipur, a North-eastern state, unravelling the multifaceted layers of 'mob violence.' In this intellectual exploration, we challenge established norms and delve into the complexities of violence, justice, and the Rule of Law. In this ongoing research work, we dissect the very fabric of mob violence, unveiling the harsh realities that persist in our modern world.

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Mob violence, violence, justice, human rights, Rule of Law.

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 Abstract

bharat ki rashtriya surksha chunotiya : goldan tryangel khchetra me nashili dvao ke avaaidhya vyapar ke sandrabh me

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bharat ki rashtriya surksha chunotiya : goldan tryangel khchetra me nashili dvao ke avaaidhya vyapar ke sandrabh me

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BADALTE SAMAJIK PARIDRUSHYA ME SHREEMADBHGVAT GITA KE SAIKSHIK NIHITARTH (NAITIK SIKSHA KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME)

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BADALTE SAMAJIK PARIDRUSHYA ME SHREEMADBHGVAT GITA KE SAIKSHIK NIHITARTH (NAITIK SIKSHA KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME)

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In present day time of digitalization Indian government is attempting to foster money less economy at the spot of existing actual cash custom of India. The greatest challenge for going for cash less economy is to keep up with balance between ease of monetary exchanges and checking acts of neglect. To manages issues of dark cash, Hawala, tax evasion Indian Government has left on the credit only economy. Computerized cash began another period in Indian economy. The goal of this paper is to learn about the effect of cashless money in humans from sociological perspective and studied the advantages and disadvantages of cashless money.

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Digital Payments, Digitalization, Cashless Money, Transaction, Mobile Banking.

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Abstract The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent years. Obesity can increase the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders that are deadly. One of the metabolic diseases caused by obesity is type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus or also known as non-insulin dependent type is a condition of insulin receptor resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by impaired insulin sensitivity, failure of pancreatic beta cells to maintain the amount of insulin to compensate for the resistance that occurs. The mechanism of insulin receptor resistance that commonly occurs is abnormalities of the insulin receptor that reduce INSR expression on the cell surface and post receptor abnormalities. The presence of a single-nucleotide in INSR. 4IBM affects the function of insulin receptors and increases the possibility of INSR-mediated diseases, one way to overcome this is by increasing the expression of 4IBM. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is a traditional plant that is often used as a medicinal ingredient for various disorders and based on previous research has been proven as a potential agent for managing diabetes mellitus. This research is an in silico study that aims to examine the potential of active chemicals contained in cinnamon and their role as 4IBM protein inhibitors for therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus using Autodock tools 1.5.6 and based on the principle of Lamarckian genetic algorithm. Docking results showed binding energy ranged from -6.97 kcal/mol to -5.83 kcal/mol, with Epicathein compound having the smallest binding energy with an inhibitory constant of 7.74. This study can be used as a basis for conducting further research (in vivo and in vitro) related to the active chemicals of cinnamon and their effects as Diabetes Mellitus therapy.

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Diabetes Mellitus, Cinnamomum verum, 4IBM, Autodock tools 1.5.6

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For decades, humans have been attracted to space exploration for scientific, security, and commercial purposes. Private companies like Space X and Blue Origin have embarked on bold plans to commercialize outer space, including tourism, mining space resources, creating alien facilities and even the environment. The distribution of the benefits of outer space has been a matter of great controversy, from the early days of space exploration to the present day. We believe that the tax question, little discussed so far, is essential when reflecting on a good spatial distribution of benefits Treaty of principles governing the activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies (Outer Space Treaty) regulates activities in outer space, bans destructive mass weapons, and prevents states from claiming celestial sovereignty or monopolies. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty provides that outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, cannot be appropriated by a state by claim to sovereignty, use or occupation or by any means. any other method. Many people consider outer space to be the universal common good or even the common heritage of mankind. Therefore, no State should be deprived of the resources and benefits of outer space. It is also widely acknowledged that States undertaking efforts in the exploration and use of outer space has a particular interest in the benefits to be derived therefrom.

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1. PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT- the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on. 2. SPACE EXPLORATION - investigation, by means of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, of the reaches of the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere and the use of the information so gained to increase knowledge of the cosmos and benefit humanity. 3. SPCAE TECHNOLOGY- Space technology includes space vehicles such as space

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In the ever evolving world of today where manufacturing sector is at a boost, the use of steel in recent times has gained paramount importance.As per the demand of consumers, various alterations can be made in the properties of steel by performing already known heat dissipation techniques and application can be well classified.Aim of the review is to collect the information about the effect of various heat treatments on the properties of steel especially the effect of quenching on the mechanical and physical properties of the steel.Along with quick cooling that is quenching, the review also highlights on the effect of other heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing and tempering.The mechanical properties can easily be modified by heat treating the steel to suit a particular design purpose.In order to improve the properties, the steels have to be heat treated. The paper include the effect of the heat treatment on some properties of steel such as tensile strength, percentage elongation, micro-hardness, ultimate tensile strength, Grey relation co-efficient, fatigue characteristics, hardness test, micro-structure study, chemical composition, yield strength, impact energy, S-N behaviour, wear rate, toughness.The paper include the effect of the properties of steel in different quenching media such as water, oil, brine solution, etc.

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Heat treatment, Steel, Mechanical properties, Quenching, Tempering

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Education is the back bone of a nation. No nation can prosper without education. It is teachers who have the most impact on a nation's future. Children are mainly influenced by their teachers. However the present study was conducted to assess the teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice and to review related to teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources such as books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, Google databases on teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on teacher's effectiveness and teaching practice. From the study it was found that teachers' effectiveness and effective teaching practices are very much important to develop and sustain throughout a student's education career. Highly effective teachers structure the classroom environment so that it decreases the likelihood of inappropriate student behavior, increases desirable student interactions, and sets up students for success. Teachers are critical to the success of an educational system. An individual's imaginations, wisdom, love for humanity, and enlightenment can be developed through the guidance of a good teacher. So, relevant authorities and government of the people republic of Bangladesh should arrange contemporary training programs for the teachers. If it is doing so the teachers of the country will be effective, efficient, skilled and the students of Bangladesh will learn more.

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Teacher's effectiveness, Teaching Practice, Training, Students' achievement, Evaluation, Learning, Assessment

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Climate changes are increasing vulnerability of natural resource dependent livelihood practices of large population in Bangladesh. Extreme events such as cyclones, tidal surges, flood, river erosion and salinity stress have been severely affecting agriculture, fishing or fish cultivation and livestock rearing. Communities remain extremely vulnerable to disasters that impeded the key livelihoods in the coastal areas than any other place. The traditional agriculture cropping is decreasing in coastal areas due to variation of fresh water and salinity level and increasing abrupt weather events, tidal inundation and water logging. Large coastal population lacks of climatic information, improved crop varieties and diversified livelihoods to continue adaptation practices. In particular the marginalized and landless coastal people who have limited access to natural, social and institutional services of local govt. institutions are losing adaptive capacity in the long-run. The paper presents livelihood adaptation practices of coastal communities in Bangladesh. Particular emphasis is given on an innovative livelihood model-Forest, Fish and Fruit (Triple F) which shows integrated community based livelihood practices for short-, mid- and long-term adaptation. Drawing the discussion the paper highlights for improving the livelihood practices in a way that incorporates climatic risks in collective resource management and income generation enhance adaptive capacity of coastal community.

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Climate Change, Integrated Community, Adaptation, Coastal, Livelihoods, Bangladesh

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The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. This area of study must contend with problems of lead time bias and length time bias. Lead time bias is the concept that early diagnosis may artificially inflate the survival statistics of a cancer, without really improving the natural history of the disease. Length bias is the concept that slower growing, more indolent tumors are more likely to be diagnosed by screening tests, but improvements in diagnosing more cases of indolent cancer may not translate into better patient outcomes after the implementation of screening programs. A related concern is over diagnosis, the tendency of screening tests to diagnose diseases that may not actually impact the patient's longevity. This problem especially applies to prostate cancer and PSA screening. Some cancer researchers have argued that negative cancer clinical trials lack sufficient statistical power to discover a benefit to treatment. This may be due to fewer patients enrolled in the study than originally planned.

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Cancer epidemiology, cancer prevention, Control, Bangladesh

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