Volume 11 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia currently has 3 types of public pension programs but the programs are only for formal private workers, civil, servant and armed forces. These three programs have coverage of 18.49 million formal workers out of a total of 52.1 million formal worker. Importantly based on a survey conducted by the Indonesian Statistics Center, 55.2% of active workers in Indonesia are still informal. Through 2020 nation survey, it is known that Indonesia is still in a bonus demographic condition where the working age population exceeds 50% of the total population. But through projections made by the Indonesian government in collaboration with the world bank, in 2045 Indonesia will lose this demographic bonus and the population aged 65 years and over will reach 35% of the total population. Ensuring the welfare of these workers, especially those in the informal sector and those who are reaching old age, will be an important issue for the Indonesian government. It is necessary to conduct a study that provides an initial description of cost estimation in implementing universal public pensions. In carrying out this cost estimation, the guidelines prepared by the International Labor Organization (ILO) are used in calculating pension program costs. To calculate this cost, the data used are population data, labor force data, state revenue budget, and projections of the elderly population in Indonesia. In data processing, the ILO guidelines are used to provide a cost estimation of Rp 176 trillion that can be financed by the national budget.

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dependency ratio, multi pillar, old age, social security

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Manufacturing is a major economic activity in present era. The level of economic development is calculated on the industrial development. The industries which are based on agro-products for their raw material are called agro-based industries. Sugar industry is an agro-based industry which uses sugarcane or beetroot as a raw material. In district Bundi of Rajasthan sugar industries remained a base of agro-economic development for more than 30 years. But later after it due to some reasons it came under the category of sick industries and state government decided to close it. The proposed research focuses not only upon the reasons responsible for the establishment of sugar industry in district Bundi, but also focuses upon the facts that were in the back of the sickness of this industry. The proposed research also finds out the opportunities and suggestions to restart this sugar mill of district Bundi.

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Key Words: Manufacturing, Economic Activity, Agro-based Industry, Sickness

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One of Business Management Curriculum learning principles prioritizes community work and the empowerment of students. This research is aiming to find a model of developing entrepreneurship training through a Project Based Learning approach based on contextual business problems, applying planned businesses in real terms. This model is expected to be a form of community based education (fostering active participation of students in education and training) that is able to form new entrepreneurs to benefit, create jobs to reduce unemployment and poverty. This study uses qualitative research methods with a simulation observation research strategy. Observations made on student business pilot groups, each group consisting of 4-5 students taking the Entrepreneurship course. The results obtained by the development model of entrepreneurship training in students, from the results of the entrepreneurship mapping, students can plan businesses according to their interests and expertise and through the training development model students can solve problems in business plans related to leadership, courage in taking risks, perseverance to focus on doing work, the level of discipline so students can successfully build businesses/ new business.

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Community work, training, business plan, entrepreneurship

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Kabirdham jile me bhumi upyog me parivartan

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Kabirdham jile me bhumi upyog me parivartan

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It is hard to deny the fact that artificial intelligence and robotization have been the centre of research for the last decades. Moreover, during the past few years it has really boomed and is now widely utilized in many companies through a wide range of sectors. Most of the time artificial intelligence has been referred to as some kind of automatization of processes within the industrial sector, but we have started to see a greater way of using technology for the better, particularly in financial services. The financial industry has been somewhat slower in its approach of implementing artificial intelligence and accepting its powers due to several reasons. Reasons such as uncertainty, regulations, need for better cyber security, shortfalls in technology, and disruption of standard already profitable procedures are all apprehensions the industry have faced previously.

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Artificial Intelligence, Robotization, Automization, Financial services

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People are growing more interested in herbal medicines today because of their numerous advantages. Herbal formulations are now widely recognised as successful therapies for a variety of diseases. More than 80% of the world's population relies on herbal goods and medications to maintain a healthy lifestyle, even if the majority of these usage are unusual. An surge in the use of herbal products has also resulted in a number of product abuses and adulterations, which have disappointed buyers and suppliers and, in some cases, had disastrous outcomes. The development of trustworthy analytical methods that can quantitatively analyse marker/bioactive compounds, other essential elements, and correctly profile the phytochemical composition presents considerable challenges for scientists. Standardization is a crucial stage for the establishment.

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Key Words: Authentication, Chromatography, Extraction, Purification, Standardization, Herbal technology, Herbal medicine.

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INTRODUCTION: Appam is a south Indian dish often savoury as a snack and healthy breakfast. It is a filling dish , easy to make. This study focuses on modifying the regular Appam- which apparently contains- Semolina or rice and urad dal batter , to a Multigrain Mix that enhances the nutritive value of the product. AIM & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to modify a regular Appam mix into a multigrain Appam with a goal of enhancing its nutritional value METHODOLOGY :. The main cooking methods used in making multigrain appam premix are soaking,roasting and grinding. The key ingredients used in this premix that also add up for the therapeutic effects are ragi which inturn is rich in calcium and potassium and moong dal- rich in protein, potassium and fiber, all the ingredients were dehydrated and Coarsely grinded. Both the ingredients aid in improving cardiac health, blood pressure. CONCLUSION : Since this product is a multigrain product, it automatically increases satiety. The calcium content in ragi is beneficial for people with hypertension, obesity and has a therapeutic effect on menstrual health too. The protein present in moong dal has a high biological value and is rich in dietary fibers. These nutritional benefits make this product a healthier version of a regular Appam.

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- food product, breakfast, snack, hypertension, menstrual health, Indian snacks

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 Abstract

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Global language, the language of instruction, the language of progress and prosperity, the language of the future.

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Biodiversity indicates the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-system and ecological complexes of which they are a part ; this includes bio-diversity within species, between species and of eco-systems. The three main components of biological diversity are (1) Genetic diversity :The Allelic variation within a species such as different rice varieties, different varieties of Babul, different varieties of cows, sheep etc. (2) Species diversity :This is the commonest method of measuring biological diversity which indicates total no. of species and their dominance. This also includes variation of different Taxa at various levels. Total no. of terrestrial species are much more than aquatic species. But total no. of terrestrial phyla is 50 whereas total no. of aquatic phyla is 52. (3) Eco-system diversity :The forest eco-systems are mostly highly diverse and within the forest eco-system Rain forests are more diverse than low rain fall areas or mangrove. This Paper shows the richness and threat to biodiversity in North east India and depict a overall picture of bio diversity in North east India.

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Biodiversity, Species. genetic diversity.

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BRICS, GDP, FDI, Growth Rate, Economic Development, Economies.

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Trade privacy have grown in importance in the age of globalization , particularly in light of the expansion of the global market and greater rivalry. Additionally, the preference for trade secret protection over patent protection as a means of protecting proprietary knowledge has enhanced its significance. Laws safeguarding trade secrets are acceptable on a material constants if they are considered property. The paper offers logical and economic arguments for protecting trade secrets, which has cleared up any confusion regarding the issue of treating trade secrets as property. This report also provides a summary of the trade secret regime in place in India and highlights its shortcomings in light of the laws in place in other countries around the globe. Additionally, the study focuses on the complexity of common law remedies for trade secret violation, which is made clear by a series of contradicting decisions by Indian courts. The emphasis is on the TRIPS mandate and India's obligation to enact laws on the "undisclosed information" issue. The need for a formalized framework, which is the only way to ensure strong and effective IPR protection and would also create new potential for economic growth, is emphasized in the paper.

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: Intellectual Property, Trade Secrets, Confidential information, TRIPS, Contractual Remedies.

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??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? A. K. Sinha ??? L.N.K Sinka ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??. ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????

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NEET ???????, ????????? ??????? ???????

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.Mountainous areas are sacred because they obsess beauty and they inspire mankind. There are unique, unexplored and less gathered place to attract the tourists. At the present days peoples are more interested in visiting unknown, less polluted and peaceful places of nature. Tourists prefer less crowded and attractive natural areas in comparison to the popular choky old tourist destinations. The ecological value of a place was determined from two aspects: (i) value as vegetation and (ii) value to birds. To evaluate the vegetation, we selected conservation sites and suitable sites for enhancement considering common and recovery potential of vegetation, and access to users and construction equipment. We determined that the area of forest, the number of forest vertical layers, and forest pattern help sustain avian diversity and contribute toward the area functioning as an ornithic corridor. The Pappu valley has a tremendous hybridity in all the natural and cultural features. The beautiful mountainous physiography, desirable valleys, erstwhile river flowing are the dignified physical exorcism present in the study area. The green valley, mushy grassy field, stream with bubble, several types of flora and fauna and hygienic climate found in the study area.

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Eco-tourism, Place of attraction, People and multicultural, Tradition and crafts.

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In this paper we show the two implementations of fractal (Pure-fractal and Wavelet fractal image compression algorithms) which have been applied on the images in order to investigate the compression ratio and corresponding quality of the images using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). And in this paper we also set the threshold value for reducing the redundancy of domain blocks and range blocks, and then to search and match. By this, we can largely reduce the computing time. In this paper we also try to achieve the best threshold value at which we can achieve optimum encoding time.

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Fractal image coding? Wavelet? Iterated Function System? Wavelet? Mean Square Error;Compression Ratio.

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Keywords: COVID-19, Drug specialists, medical services frameworks, lawful augmentation, restorative replacement

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perceived stress, psychotherapy

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Athletes need more protein as they are building and/or repairing muscle as well as connective tissue. Their requirements are two to three times the amount of protein as normal people, or between 1.4-2g per kilo of body weight per day. This is a large range, allowing variation for the sort of sport they play. Protein deficiency is one of the common problems seen in young athletes. We developed bajra millet cracker for an endurance athlete which is protein dense snack it will fasten the recovery rate and prevents muscle wastage. Protein dense cracker can be consumed post training or exercise for greater recovery as well as before exercise to prevent muscle breakdown. We reviewed 20 research articles on this topic after the product development sensory evaluation carried out by team evaluators based on taste, texture, appearance, odor, and color. Microbiological testing was done in our college laboratory. Shelf-life analysis was done by keeping product in Air tight container for twenty days.

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: protein, muscle build, endurance athletes, recovery, bajra millet, cracker

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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artificial Intelligence, criminal justice system, leadership, digital technologies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Marketing, Infiltrating, Capturing, Civilization, Industrialization, Digital Marketing and Internet.

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Design and synthesis of pharmaceutical Co-crystals have received great interest in the recent years. Co-crystallization of drug substances offer a tremendous opportunity for the development of new drug products with superior physical and pharmacological properties such as solubility, stability, hydroscopicity, dissolution rates and bioavailability. This short review summarizes this highly topical field, covering why the topic is of interest in pharmaceutical formulation, the definitions and practical scope of co-crystals, co-crystal preparation and characterization, comparison of different (traditional and novel) methods for co-crystal formation and implications for regulatory control and intellectual property protection. Traditionally, co-crystal can be prepared by solvent evaporation method, grinding, and slurry method, but, every method has limitation for certain condition. The current trend for Co-crystal formation uses the sophisticated method such as hot-melt extrusion method, spray drying method, supercritical fluid technology and the newest, and laser irradiation method. Development of new method is not only to overcome the limitation of traditional Co-crystallization methods but also to generate a simpler step and continuous process for the production of Co-crystal product. This article gives a brief explanation of each method that can be used to generate pharmaceutical Co-crystals.

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Bioavailability, Crystallisation, Pharmaceutical Co-crystals, Solubility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition