Volume 12 | Issue 9

 Abstract

The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in beneficial interaction with the have, contributing to homeostasis and directing resistant work. In any case, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of substantial capacities and illnesses counting cardiovascular infections (CVDs), cancers, respiratory illnesses, etc. In this audit, we talk about the current information of how microbiota joins to have wellbeing or pathogenesis. We to begin with summarize the investigate of microbiota in sound conditions, counting the gut-brain hub, colonization resistance and safe tweak. At that point, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in illness advancement and movement, basically related with dysregulation of community composition, balance of have resistant reaction, and acceptance of constant aggravation. At last, we present the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for infection treatment, such as microbiota balance and fecal microbial transplantation.

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Microbiota, cardio vascular diseases, gut brain axis.

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By conventional Melt - Quench method Ti doped borosilicate glasses prepared by varying the concentration of Na2O and K2O alkalis from 5% - 25% keeping the total concentration of two alkalis as 30% in all 5 samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM ) pictures and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum (EDX) of Titanium doped borosilicate glasses and undoped glasses were recorded and their micro structure was analysed . From glass composition weight % and atomic Concentration % of elements was calculated and are in agreement with experimentally recorded EDX data.

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MICRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF GLASS SAMPLES USING SEM AND EDX CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES

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Antioxidants are vital substances that protect the body from damages caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress.A variety of natural antioxidants are found in plants.The plant phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the best natural antioxidants having significant efficiency.Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are strong antioxidants capable of scavenging free radicals,antiaging,anticancer activity and enhance human immunity. Plant based antioxidants are preferred in place of synthetic ones because of their non -toxic nature and effective mechanism of action.Many medicinal plants have ben subjected to assessment of their antioxidative potential.Diospyros is an important genus of Ebenaceae family with more than 500 species. Diospyros sylvatica is an endemic species available in Addatheegala forest a part of Eastern ghats.These species have drawn the attention of investigators by the presence of valuable phytochemicals in them

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES DIOSPYROS SYLVATICAROXB

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In angiosperms, Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse family. Orchidaceae family members contain alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, stilbenoids. Orchinol, hircinol,cypripedin, jibantine,nidemin and loroglossin are some important phytochemicals are extracted from orchids.These plants are widely used in Indian and chinese medicines. Orchids contains active ingredients and are used in making medicines. Orchids have curative properties to cure many diseases. In the present study some of medicinal orchids production are briefly described.

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINAL USES OF SOME COELOGYNE SPECIES (ORCHIDACEAE)

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Cissus quadrangularis is a common succulent perennial climber. It is also known as 'Hadjod', is a medicinal plant that has been extensively used in traditional herbal medicine, particularly in the Ayurvedic systems of healing. This review aims to consolidate recent advances in the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Cissus quadrangularis, focusing on its potential in treating bone-related disorders, metabolic conditions, and other ailments. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phytosterols, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anabolic properties. Research has demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing bone healing, reducing fractures, and improving bone mineral density, making it a promising candidate in osteoporosis treatment. Additionally, Cissus quadrangularis has shown potential in managing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, primarily through its modulation of lipid profiles and blood glucose levels. This review mainly highlights the therapeutic use of the plant. Despite its long-standing use in traditional medicine, further clinical studies and standardization of extracts are required to fully establish its efficacy and safety for broader medical applications.

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Cissusquadrangularis, Bone healing activity, Antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity

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1.1 Definition and Scope of Ecology and Evolution Ecology and evolution are two foundational disciplines within the biological sciences, providing critical insights into the diversity of life on Earth and the processes that sustain it. Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environments, focusing on the interactions that shape ecosystems and influence the distribution and abundance of species. Evolution, on the other hand, explores the mechanisms of change within species over time, driven by natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. Together, these fields offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics of life on Earth, from the micro evolutionary changes within populations to the macro evolutionary patterns that define the tree of life.

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RECENT TRENDS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that is being used in almost every sector, including the healthcare. In the recent years, it has brought remarkable advancements in the field of medical science. From Virtual Health Assistants to life-threatening surgeries, we can notice the unseen hand of AI at work. AI algorithms have the potential to analyse and interpret vast amounts of complex genetic data of patients and help the medical practitioners to treat diseases more accurately and quickly. Developed countries are already leveraging artificial intelligence in critical surgeries and customized medicine development. In India, especially in the last decade, many start-up MedTech companies sprout up to deploy AI in Personalized medicine. Personalized medicine (PM) is also called as customized medicine, precision medicine or tailored medicine. The main objective of PM is to provide the fitting medicine to the right patient with the appropriate dose. In this paper, we describe the benefits of personalized medicine alongside with the growing role of AI in tailored drug development in Indian healthcare system.

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Artificial intelligence, precision medicine, Indian healthcare, tailored medicine, customized medicine

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Hyderabad, a rapidly growing metropolitan city in India, faces significant challenges due to climate change. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on Hyderabad, focusing on temperature rise, altered precipitation patterns, water scarcity, urban flooding, and public health risks. Rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves contribute to health hazards and energy demand surges, while erratic rainfall exacerbates water shortages and flood risks. Groundwater depletion and compromised drainage systems further amplify these issues. Additionally, climate change affects local biodiversity and increases socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly in low-income communities. This review highlights the need for integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies, including resilient infrastructure, improved water management, enhanced public health systems, and a shift toward renewable energy. A holistic approach is essential for building climate resilience in Hyderabad and ensuring sustainable urban development.

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Urban flooding, Socio economic vulnerability, sustainable urban development

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The recent floods in Vijayawada have exacerbated the issue of microplastic pollution in the Budameru Drain, leading to increased contamination in Kolleru Lake. This study investigates the predicted sources of microplastics, their effects on fish and human health, and provides future research directions for the region. The floods have intensified the flow of water, transporting more microplastics from urban, industrial, and agricultural areas into the Budameru Drain, subsequently raising the concentration of microplastics in Kolleru Lake, a vital habitat for diverse aquatic species. Urban runoff, industrial discharge, and agricultural practices are identified as primary sources of microplastics. The ingestion of microplastics by fish can result in physical blockages, reduced feeding efficiency, internal injuries, and chemical toxicity due to the accumulation of toxic substances on microplastics, adversely affecting fish health and reproduction. Human health is also at risk through the consumption of fish contaminated with microplastics, which may expose humans to harmful chemicals and pathogens. Future research should focus on comprehensive studies of microplastic sources and pathways, long-term monitoring of microplastic levels in water bodies, and their impact on aquatic life. Additionally, developing mitigation strategies to reduce microplastic pollution, such as improved waste management practices and public awareness campaigns, is crucial. This paper aims to provide a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of microplastic pollution in the region and to guide future efforts in mitigating its adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health.

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Microplastic pollution, Budameru Drain, Kolleru Lake, fish health, human health, mitigation strategies.

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Kolleru Lake, a Ramsar site in India, serves not only as an ecological hotspot but also as a critical carbon sink. Characterized by a diverse range of aquatic and marshy vegetation, this wetland supports significant carbon sequestration capabilities through notable species such as Phragmites australis (Common Reed), Typha angustifolia (Cattail), and Echinocloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) etc. This research paper examines the role of carbon-sequestering plants in Kolleru Lake, outlining their contributions to carbon storage, biodiversity support, and water quality improvement. Utilizing a combination of field studies and ecological assessments, this study explores how these plants function within the wetland ecosystem. The findings indicate that Kolleru Lake can sequester organic carbon at rates significantly higher than many terrestrial habitats, primarily due to the unique hydrological and sediment conditions present in wetlands. The removal of invasive species or unsustainable management practices jeopardizes these carbon storage potentials, emphasizing the need for conservation strategies. The paper concludes with recommendations for preserving these essential ecosystems while enhancing carbon sequestration capabilities, ultimately contributing to climate change mitigation efforts.

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Kolleru Lake, Carbon Sequestration, Aquatic Vegetation, Climate Change Mitigation, Biodiversity, Wetland Ecosystem

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The comprehensive application of pesticides in agricultural practices to meet the food demand of growing world population resulted in accumulation of these pesticides into abiotic environment and biotic entities at different hierarchical levels. These toxic chemical substances are highly carcinogenic and a necessary step should be taken to control the application into agricultural practices. In the present study, the soil samples were collected from 8 different agricultural soils (primarily vegetable crops) of East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India during post harvesting time and to evaluate multiresidue pesticides qualitatively using QuickEasy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS)-Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (dSPE) clean up combined Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The physiochemical parameter analysis of all soil samples revealed no observed large-scale variation among all study sites. The GC-MS analysis showed presence of 5 major pesticide compounds namely Terbufos (Organophosphate insectide), Propiconazole (Triazole fungicide), Tebuconazole (Triazole fungicide) Cypermethrin (Pyrethroid insecticide) and Diclofop-methyl (Herbicide). It is evident that the use of restricted pesticides in agricultural operations is still ongoing, and it is essential to regulate this at the fundamental level of agriculture.

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Pesticides, Agricultural Soils, QuEChERS-dSPE cleanup, GC-MS

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Plant cryopreservation, Developed methods

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Now a days shopping at the mall have become a daily routine in big cities. People buy a different product and deposit them in the trolley. The modern technology has increased the standard of living for the humans. This resulted in large crowds at shopping malls. To handle the large crowd, we must reduce the process of the billing time. This is done using smart shopping system based on RFID. Items that are put in a smart shopping cart are read one by one and the bill is generated and displayed. After the final bill is generated the customer pays the bill by using their Pre charged cards provided by the shopping mall. The aim is to reduce the time consumption needed for the billing system. After total purchase one need to go to billing counter for the payment which is very time consuming and at times very frustrating. So our main objective for designing this prototype is to reduce the human efforts, eliminate the queue and also eliminate the time taken during billing. Our prototype consist of components such as RFID tags which is used for identification of the product, RFID reader which is used for scanning of product when put in the trolley and it display in the LCD Display. So at the billing counter the data is sent into the server.

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SMART SHOPPING CART

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In the era of advancing technology, efficient management of foot traffic in various establishments has become imperative. The Smart Entry Counter (SEC) represents a pioneering solution aimed at accurately and automatically counting entries and exits within a premise. This abstract explores the fundamental components and functionalities of the SEC, emphasizing its capabilities in real-time data collection and analysis.The SEC operates on a combination of cutting-edge sensors, such as infrared and depth cameras, coupled with sophisticated image processing algorithms. These sensors detect and distinguish individuals entering or existing, ensuring precise counting without human intervention. Data collected bythe SEC is instantly transmitted to a centralized database or cloud platform, facilitating immediate access to entry statistics and trends. Furthermore, the SEC offers versatility in deployment across diverse environments, including retail stores, public venues, and transportation hubs. Its ability to integrate with existing infrastructure and provide seamless operational insights makes it a valuable tool for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing customer experiences.The Smart Entry Counter represents a transformative technology poised to revolutionize the management of foot traffic by offering accurate, real-time data collection and analysis capabilities. As advancements continue, the SEC promises to redefine efficiency and decision-making processes in various sectors, ultimately shaping the future of crowd management systems worldwide.

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SMART ENTRY COUNTER

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Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemsthatrestrict thedevelopment of cities, suchastheuntimely disposal of garbage, the incomplete classification of kitchen waste and other recyclable garbage, and the inefficiency of sanitation workers. At present, a common garbage bin in use just carries a single and limited function, and the appliedintelligentgarbagebinhasa disadvantageofhigh mechanical consumption. It needs to consume more energy of environmental sanitation workers,and garbage classification depending on human labor is inefficient. However, my research object is a kind of intelligent garbage bin based on Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, which is different from anordinary garbage bin. It adds a garbage detection andclassification function based on Internet of Things perception system, through infrared sensor's, odor sensors to achieve various functions. It uses NB-IOT communication module to transmit information. Thisnew intelligent garbage bin can make the sanitation workers gain the information whether the rubbish becomesfullandwhethertherubbishispoisonousor not. In this paper, we presented the smart waste-bin that can managed the waste in a smart city project. The system consist of sensors to measure the weight of waste and the level of waste inside the bin. The system also adapt with network environment, to manage all information from waste management. As the result we proposed aprototype of smart waste-bin that suitable for many kind of conventional waste-bin. In the era of developing technology where the urbanization isincreasingrapidly,thecorrespondingwasteis increasing exponentially. As the concept of smart cities is emerging, there is a need for a proper framework inorder to tackle this problem. Although a lot of effortshave been put by researchers to propose various approaches to circumvent this issue, the problem still remains. The major problem faced while designing a smart method for waste collection and monitoring is the segregation of different types of wastes. The waste is still being segregated manually, thus producing a harmful effect on the segregator itself. This paper reports an automatic segregator system that can differentiate and store dry and wet waste separately. The developed prototype of the system efficiently segregates dry and wet waste in their respective containers.

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Bomb detection, level sensing, IOT based smart waste management, infrared sensors, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, automatic segregator system, conventional waste-bin

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In recent years, the field of image classification has experienced significant advancements due to the proliferation of machine learning techniques. This paper presents a novel approach to image classification utilizing Python, emphasizing the integration of modern deep learning frameworks. We explore the implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) using TensorFlow and Keras to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of classifying complex image datasets. The study involves a detailed examination of various preprocessing techniques, model architectures, and hyperparameter tuning strategies. Our experiments demonstrate improved performance metrics over traditional methods, showcasing the potential of these tools in real-world applications. The findings contribute to the ongoing research in computer vision by providing insights into optimizing model training and achieving robust classification results. Future work will focus on extending this approach to handle diverse image types and improving computational efficiency.

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Image Classification Using Python

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In modern military operations, the ability to maintain real-time awareness of soldiers' health and positions is paramount for both mission success and individual safety. Presents a Soldiers Health and Position Tracking System (SHPTS) designed to provide comprehensive monitoring and communication capabilities for military personnel. The SHPTS integrates state -of-the-art wearable sensors, GPS technology, and secure data transmission protocols to continuously track key health metrics such as heart rate, body temperature, hydration levels, and physical exertion. Simultaneously, it records precise positional data, allowing for dynamic tracking of troop movements in real-time.

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SOLDIER'S HEALTH AND POSITION TRACKING SYSTEM

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A Pesticide Spraying Robot (PSR) using the Arduino IDE integrates advanced agricultural technologies to optimize pesticide use, enhancing both efficiency and sustainability. The system employs a variety of sensors, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light sensors, all connected to an Arduino microcontroller. This setup allows for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions and pest activity. By processing the collected data, the Arduino can trigger precise pesticide application based on predefined conditions, ensuring that chemicals are used only when necessary and in optimal amounts. The Arduino IDE facilitates the creation of custom programstoanalyzesensordataandautomatepesticidedelivery. Actuators such as solenoid valves and GPS-enabled robotic sprayers can be controlled to apply pesticides accurately, minimizing waste and reducing the impact on non-target organisms. Communication modules like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth enable remote monitoring and control, providing farmers with the flexibility to manage pest control operations from any location. This integration of real-time data analytics and automation leads to significant cost savings, improved crop yields, and reduced environmental harm. Accessible and affordable, the Arduinoplatformmakes PSRfeasible for small- scalefarmersandthoseindevelopingregions.Theuser-friendly nature of the Arduino IDE, combined with extensive online resourcesandcommunitysupport,facilitatestheimplementation andcustomizationofthesystem.Byoptimizingpesticideuse,the PSR not only enhances economic viability for farmers but also supports environmental sustainability by reducing chemical runoff, protecting soil health, and preserving biodiversity. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in sustainable agricultural practices, leveraging technology to address the challenges of modern pest management.

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Pesticide sprayer, remote controlled, agricultural use, Arduino IDE

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Numerous electric vehicles (EV) charging schemes are documented in the literature, demonstrating their effectiveness in promoting EV adoption. This article conducts a thorough analysis of current and future electric vehicle charging systems, focusing on power converter topologies, power handling capabilities, power flow direction, and charging technique control algorithms. The article concludes by addressing potential future challenges arising from increased EV penetration and highlighting key research areas to address the impacts of EV charging infrastructure.

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Distribution System, Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure, Power flow

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This Study presents the design and implementation of an embedded system for monitoring and enhancing driver safety using a combination of health and environment l sensors, along with location and communication modules. The system integrates a heart beat sensor, sweats sensor, ultrasonic sensor, GPS, and GSM module to provide real-time monitoring and alerts. The heart beat sensor and sweat sensor track the driver's physiological conditions, detecting signs of stress or health issues. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the vehicle's surroundings to prevent collisions. The GPS module tracks the vehicle's location, and the GSM module enables communication with a central erver or emergency contacts. This comprehensive system aims to improve driver safety by providing real-time health monitoring, environmental awareness, and emergency response capabilities, representing a significant advancement in the integration of e Safety applications.

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IoT, Embedded system, Heart beat sensor, Sweat sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, GPS, and GSM module.

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