Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

This publication offers an exhaustive multi-disciplinary analysis of the Ok Om Bok Festival and Ghe Ngo Boat Racing (Um Tuk Ngua), celebrated annually by the Khmer Krom ethnic minority in the Mekong Delta region of Southern Vietnam. Taking place during the full moon of the tenth lunar month, this dual ritual-secular celebration represents a critical locus of identity, Theravada Buddhist cosmology, agricultural reverence, and socio-political negotiation. Utilizing anthropological theories of performance, communal ritual analysis, and contemporary cultural heritage frameworks, this study unpacks the multi-layered significance of the festival. It traces the cosmological foundations of moon worship (Preah Cand), the sacred material culture and aerodynamics of the Ghe Ngo canoe, the complex web of community-monastic funding, and the modern transformation of local rituals into an internationally recognized canvas for intangible cultural heritage and state-sponsored tourism.

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Cult, Community, and the Canvas of the Mekong: An Anthropological and Socio-Historical Study of the Khmer Ok Om Bok Festival and Ghe Ngo Boat Racing in Southern Vietnam

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Keywords: groundwater; surface water; water quality; biological treatment; constructed wetlands; sequencing batch reactor; nitrate; Bharatpur; Rajasthan

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This study takes a statistical re-analysis of authentic primary laboratory observations as well as a targeted evidence synthesis, to assess the conditions under which RAC can achieve structural-performance goals.

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recycled aggregate concrete; recycled concrete aggregate; structural concrete; compressive strength; durability; SPSS; sustainable construction; circular economy

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Folklore is an integral part of richly diversified cultural heritage of India as it incorporates origin and evolution of ritualistic practices, social customs, traditional beliefs, folk music, folk dance and folk art forms. The combined effect of globalization, unprecedented technological advancement and comfort-seeking passive lifestyle, often manifests itself in present generation's lack of exposure to Indian folklore. This alarmingly fainting focus on traditional Indian folklore can be redeemed through the medium of cinematic representation. Cinema not only possesses the power to resurrect thousands of almost forgotten folklores but also to preserve it for the future generations. The easy accessibility to the world of folklore through the movies might well prove to be the fillip needed to restore enthusiasm in this field. The invigorating legend of Kantara, set in the Tulu Nadu coastal Karnataka, has borne the regional folklore concerning Daivas Panjurli and Guliga for more than 5000 years. The present paper is a venture to weigh and assess the assimilation of age old legend of Kantara in the main narrative of the motion picture Kantara: A Legend, Chapter 1 (2025) directed by Rishab Shetty with prime focus on determining how it has piqued the interest of the Gen Z through cinematic experience. Attempt will be made to point out the inaccuracies and unauthentic liberties if there are any in such cinematic portrayal.

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Folklore, Cinema, Legend, Myth, Rituals, Bhoota Kola Dance and Daivas

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Introduction: Anxiety has emerged as one of the most widespread mental health challenges among students in schools, colleges, and universities worldwide. Rising academic pressure, social competition, family expectations, financial stress, and the growing influence of digital media have all contributed to increasing anxiety levels, further intensified by the shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Left unaddressed, this anxiety undermines students' academic performance, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. This review examines anxiety trends among students, identifies the primary contributing factors, and evaluates the coping mechanisms and interventions available to manage it. Materials and Methods: This review takes a systematic approach to synthesizing existing literature on student anxiety and coping strategies, covering peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were included if they examined student anxiety within academic settings and offered quantitative or qualitative analysis of coping strategies; opinion pieces, non-peer-reviewed material, and studies addressing anxiety outside academic contexts were excluded. Literature was drawn from PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Discussion: The review finds that anxiety among students varies by gender, age, and educational system, with female students, first-year college students, and those in high-pressure academic cultures (such as China and India) reporting particularly elevated levels. Academic expectations, peer and family pressure, financial strain, and social media use emerge as consistent drivers across contexts. A range of coping strategies show effectiveness, including traditional techniques (relaxation, time management, peer support), institutional interventions (counseling access, mindfulness curricula, flexible assessment policies), psychological therapies (CBT, MBSR, exposure therapy), and digital tools (mental health apps, teletherapy, AI chatbots). No single approach proves sufficient on its own; the literature instead points toward integrated, multi-level strategies combining individual, institutional, and technological support. Conclusion: Addressing student anxiety effectively requires a holistic, collaborative approach involving students, educators, institutions, families, and policymakers. Educational systems should move away from high-pressure, performance-centric models toward more supportive, mental-health-conscious frameworks. Continued research, evidence-based policy, and accessible mental health resources will be essential for building learning environments where students can thrive both academically and personally.

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Student Anxiety, Coping Mechanisms, Academic Stress, Mental Health Interventions, Educational Institutions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian agriculture continues to depend heavily on manual labour and small fuel-powered implements for repetitive field operations such as soil digging, weed removal and crop cutting. Rising fuel prices, seasonal labour scarcity and the emissions associated with small engine-driven machinery have created a need for low-cost, energy-autonomous field equipment suited to small and medium landholdings. This paper presents the design, implementation and experimental evaluation of a solar-powered multipurpose agricultural robot that performs movement, digging and cutting operations under wireless remote control. The implemented prototype harvests energy through a 12 V, 5 W photovoltaic panel that charges a 12 V, 1.2 Ah rechargeable battery; a three-terminal series regulator derives the 5 V logic rail while the battery rail supplies the actuators directly. An ATmega328P microcontroller, operating with a 16 MHz crystal oscillator and an external reset network, interprets commands received through a 433 MHz RF receiver and drives two L293D H-bridge motor drivers. The first driver controls four base motors arranged as left and right traction groups; the second operates the cutter and shaft actuators. The operator unit comprises four push buttons, a parallel-to-serial encoder and a 433 MHz transmitter with antenna. Testing of the assembled prototype reported a battery charging time of 4-5 hours of sunlight, 6-8 hours of continuous operation, a stable radio link over 50-100 m in open field with less than 1% signal loss, a base traversal speed of approximately 0.2 m/s, cutter and shaft speeds of 200-300 rpm, and a 70% reduction in manual labour on the test plots, with zero fuel consumption throughout. The results demonstrate the feasibility of solar-assisted, RF-controlled multipurpose field robots for small-scale agriculture.

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Solar energy, Agricultural robot, ATmega328, 433 MHz RF communication, L293D motor driver, Renewable energy, Agricultural automation, Remote-controlled robot.

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?????, ???, ??????, ???-??????, ?????, ?????????, ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????

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Opencast coal mining plays a crucial role in meeting India's growing energy demand, contributing more than 70% of domestic coal production. Despite its economic importance, opencast mining generates substantial environmental challenges, particularly dust and noise pollution, which adversely affect ecosystems, mine workers, and nearby communities. Dust emissions originate from drilling, blasting, excavation, haul road transportation, crushing, and coal handling operations, while noise pollution arises from heavy machinery, blasting activities, transportation systems, and processing plants. The cumulative effects of these pollutants include respiratory diseases, hearing impairment, ecological degradation, reduced agricultural productivity, and deterioration of community well-being. This systematic review critically examines the current state of knowledge regarding dust and noise pollution in Indian opencast coal mines, evaluates existing control technologies, and assesses reclamation strategies aimed at environmental restoration. Literature published between 2010 and 2026 was systematically reviewed using major scientific databases and government reports following PRISMA guidelines. The review identifies water spraying systems, chemical dust suppressants, green belts, enclosure technologies, acoustic barriers, equipment maintenance, and controlled blasting as the most widely implemented mitigation approaches. However, their effectiveness varies considerably under Indian climatic and operational conditions. The study further highlights successful reclamation initiatives undertaken by Coal India Limited (CIL) and Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), emphasizing afforestation, mine spoil stabilization, and ecosystem restoration. Regulatory frameworks established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) have improved environmental management but face implementation challenges. The review concludes by identifying technological gaps, recommending AI-enabled monitoring systems, and advocating integrated environmental management approaches for sustainable mining practices in India.

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Opencast coal mining, dust pollution, noise pollution, environmental impacts, mine reclamation, sustainable mining, Coal India Limited, environmental management

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The mining industry is undergoing a profound shift toward Mining 5.0, emphasizing human-centric design, sustainability, and intelligent collaboration between humans and autonomous systems. This paper proposes a socio-technical framework for human-centric AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) adoption in emerging economies, with a focused case on Coal India Limited (CIL). Drawing on Industry 5.0 principles, the framework integrates collaborative robotics, digital twins, edge AI, and ethical governance to address the unique challenges of legacy infrastructure, skill gaps, regulatory complexities, and workforce transition in Indian coal mining. Through a systematic literature review and analysis of global and Indian case studies (Rio Tinto, BHP, CIL Digi-Coal), the study identifies critical barriers including cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and potential job displacement. It advocates a balanced approach that prioritizes operator well-being, reskilling programs, and inclusive implementation pathways. The proposed framework outlines phased adoption strategies, performance metrics, and policy recommendations aligned with DGMS guidelines and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives. Findings highlight that successful Mining 5.0 transition requires harmonizing technological innovation with social and ethical considerations to achieve enhanced safety, productivity, and sustainability.

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Mining 5.0, AIoT, human-centric design, socio-technical framework, Coal India Limited, emerging economies, digital twins, ethical AI, Industry 5.0, sustainable mining

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Pottali Kalpana is among the most advanced and powerful formulations in Ayurvedic Rasa Shastra (iatrochemistry). It aims to provide optimal therapeutic results in very small doses and is traditionally used for severe, acute, or deeply rooted systemic conditions. The technique of filling a cowrie shell, known as Kapardika Purana, is particularly significant pharmaceutically and pharmacologically in Pottali preparation. This article explores the conceptual basis, classical methods, and therapeutic reasoning behind processing herbo-mineral compounds in a Kapardika crucible, utilising both Gajaputa and Electric Muffle Furnace techniques.

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Pottali Kalpana, Kapardika, Varatika, Gajaputa, Electric Muffle Furnace, Bioavailability

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This study investigates the factors influencing students' decisions to join coaching centers for entrance examinations, with particular emphasis on gender-based differences. Grounded in a review of thirty-four peer-reviewed and industry studies on private coaching and shadow education in India, the research examines six decision dimensions: perception of coaching, parental influence, peer influence, preference for coaching versus self-study, online versus offline mode preference, and financial considerations. Findings from a gender-disaggregated survey indicate that female students are more influenced by parental expectations and financial constraints, whereas male students demonstrate relatively greater autonomy in decision-making. Both groups show a preference for coaching over self-study, although a significant proportion still value independent preparation. Additionally, the increasing preference for online coaching, especially among female students, highlights a shift toward flexible and accessible learning models. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications for coaching providers, parents, and policymakers.

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Coaching centers, Entrance Examination, Educational decision-making, Shadow education

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Short birth intervals pose significant risks to mother and child health and remain a challenge in many parts of India, including the relatively advantaged South Indian states. The current study attempts to explore the factors associated with short birth intervals. In this study we have used fifth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in India during 2019-21 to examine the associations between short birth interval and independent variables (IIPS & ICF, 2021). The study used multivariable binary logistic regression to examine the associations. The results shown that substantial inter-state variation was observed, with Kerala showing the lowest prevalence of short intervals (6.1%) and Karnataka the highest (27.9%). Older maternal age, higher education, higher wealth, and surviving previous child were each linked with lower odds of a short birth interval. Current use of modern contraception was linked to higher likelihood of short intervals, whereas traditional method use and non-use were associated with lower likelihood. Differences by religion and state were statistically significant. Although overall progress has been made, short birth intervals remain prevalent in several South Indian states. Targeted postpartum family planning interventions particularly those promoting anticipatory contraceptive use and education for young, less-educated, and higher-parity women are needed to achieve further gains in maternal and child health. State-level approaches tailored to local contexts are recommended to address persistent inequalities.

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Odds Ratio, NFHS, Short Birth Interval, WHO

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Online apparel shopping removes the tactile and fitting cues available in a physical store, creating uncertainty about appearance and contributing to avoidable purchase dissatisfaction. This paper presents the design and development of a lightweight, API-driven virtual try-on web application that allows a user to upload a front-facing photograph, choose a garment, submit both assets to an external image-processing service, and view the synthesized result in a browser. The contribution is not a new generative model; it is a deployable integration architecture for institutions and small retailers that cannot train or host graphics-processing-unit-intensive models. The prototype uses HTML. and CSS for presentation, JavaScript for interaction, PHP for server-side validation and API orchestration, and MySQL for structured metadata. The paper documents requirements, architecture, data flow, interface logic, file-handling controls, threat considerations, failure recovery, and a reproducible evaluation framework. A qualitative comparison with model-hosting approaches shows the principal trade-off: API-based delivery reduces infrastructure and machine-learning engineering effort while increasing dependency on network quality, provider availability, cost, privacy terms, and version stability. The resulting system is best understood as a visualization aid rather than a guarantee of size, fit, fabric behavior, or purchase outcome. The study provides a practical reference architecture and identifies measurable criteria task completion, latency, failure rate, image plausibility, garment-detail preservation, perceived usefulness, and privacy compliance-for future controlled evaluation.

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virtual try-on, e-commerce, API integration, web application, image processing, PHP, usability, privacy, fashion technology.

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This paper addresses the challenges of storage in compact Indian kitchens, focusing specifically on modular kitchen designs that often leave corner cabinets underutilized. It introduces NIVIRT, a corner kitchen organizer created through a human-centered design process involving literature reviews, user surveys, kitchen observations, workflow analyses, and prototype validation. The final design features a pull-out slide combined with rotating circular trays, allowing for easy access to frequently used ingredients without excessive bending or searching. Feedback from prototyping revealed that this design enhances accessibility, organization, and utilization of often neglected cabinet space. This project exemplifies how workflow-oriented product design can significantly improve the usability of compact modular kitchens

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Compact kitchen, corner cabinet, ergonomic storage, human-centered design, modular kitchen, product design, pull-out rotating mechanism, user research.

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This study examines how family background shapes start-up intentions among young people in Gujarat, with particular attention to family business exposure, financial and emotional support, entrepreneurial role models, family networks, perceived approval, and individual confidence. The study is grounded primarily in the Theory of Planned Behavior and complements it with a family-embeddedness perspective. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. The supplied dataset contains 61 usable responses. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent-samples tests, chi-square analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were employed. The family-support scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .924). Respondents with an immediate family member who owned or operated a business reported higher perceived family support (M = 3.81) than those without such a background (M = 2.67), t = 3.51, p = .001. Their mean start-up intention was also higher (M = 3.90 versus 3.05), although the between-group difference did not reach the conventional .05 significance threshold in the present sample (Welch's t = 1.95, p = .060). Correlations showed positive associations between family support, self-efficacy, subjective norm, and start-up intention. In the multivariate model, subjective norm was the strongest statistically significant predictor of start-up intention (B = .472, p = .003), while self-efficacy approached significance (B = .268, p = .075) and family support was not independently significant after the other predictors were controlled. The findings suggest that family influence matters, but its effect appears to operate partly through perceived social approval and individual entrepreneurial confidence rather than through family support alone. The study contributes Gujarat-specific evidence to the growing literature on family embeddedness and youth entrepreneurship while highlighting the need for larger, probability-based samples and stronger measurement designs in future research.

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family background; family business; family support; entrepreneurial intention; start-up intention; youth entrepreneurship; subjective norm; self-efficacy; Gujarat; Theory of Planned Behavior

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Digital technology has become an increasingly important component of teaching and learning in social science education. Digital platforms, multimedia resources, online discussion spaces, simulations, digital maps, collaborative tools, and learning-management systems can broaden access to information and support more interactive and learner-centred pedagogies. However, the educational value of technology does not arise from the presence of devices alone; it depends on pedagogical design, teacher competence, curriculum alignment, infrastructure, accessibility, and students' ability to engage critically with digital information. This narrative review examines the pedagogical opportunities, constraints, and policy implications associated with integrating digital technology into social science education, with particular attention to the Indian context. The review synthesises literature on technology integration, digital learning, social studies pedagogy, teacher competence, digital inequality, and emerging technologies, and relates these discussions to India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and national digital learning initiatives such as SWAYAM and DIKSHA. The literature indicates that technology can support student engagement, digital literacy, collaborative learning, multimodal representation, critical inquiry, and access to diverse learning resources. At the same time, inadequate connectivity, limited institutional support, insufficient teacher preparation, unequal access, distraction, information overload, and the risk of technology-driven rather than pedagogy-driven instruction remain significant concerns. The paper argues that effective digital integration in social science education requires a pedagogically purposeful, inclusive, critically oriented, and context-sensitive approach rather than simple substitution of traditional teaching with digital tools. The review concludes with implications for teachers, institutions, teacher education, and educational policy in India. Keywords: digital technology; social science education; technology integration; digital learning; teacher competence; digital literacy; higher education; NEP 2020

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digital technology; social science education; technology integration; digital learning; teacher competence; digital literacy; higher education; NEP 2020

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Abstract India's textile sector occupies a strategically important position in employment, manufacturing, exports and regional industrial development. Over the last decade, public policy has increasingly shifted from broad support schemes towards targeted interventions such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Textiles, PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks, the National Technical Textiles Mission (NTTM), and skill-development initiatives. Yet an important research question remains: to what extent is policy ambition being translated into measurable ground-level outcomes? This paper evaluates the implementation-outcome gap using the latest available secondary evidence from the Ministry of Textiles, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Press Information Bureau, NIRYAT-linked trade data and related government documents. The analysis shows a mixed picture. India's textile exports increased from US$34.4 billion in 2023-24 to approximately US$36.61 billion in 2024-25, while Gujarat recorded approximately US$5.65 billion of textile exports in 2024-25. The Annual Survey of Industries 2023-24 identifies textiles as accounting for 7.06% of factories, 6.61% of operating factories and 8.75% of persons engaged in the organised factory sector. However, implementation indicators reveal that policy outcomes are still developing. Under the PLI Scheme, 91 selected companies had, by 30 September 2025, generated INR7,731 crore investment, 30,838 jobs, INR733 crore exports and INR7,290 crore turnover; by July 2026, 170 companies had been approved, with projected investment of INR41,533 crore and projected employment of 367,427. PM MITRA shows substantial investment interest, rising from INR42,491 crore in December 2025 to INR63,177 crore by March 2026, but infrastructure expenditure remained much smaller than the value of investment interest. The evidence therefore suggests that India has moved from policy announcement towards institutional implementation, but the conversion of announced incentives, proposed investments and projected employment into durable factory-level production, exports, decent employment and broad-based MSME participation remains incomplete. The paper argues that the central policy challenge is no longer only policy formulation but execution quality, accessibility, monitoring, state-level coordination, infrastructure readiness and outcome-based evaluation.

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Policy Implementation Versus Ground Reality of Textile Industries in India: An Evidence-Based Assessment of Policy Delivery, Industrial Outcomes and Implementation Gaps

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Post-stroke motor function disability is a common complication in patients with stroke and a key contributor to impaired gait function after stroke: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the second most frequent cause of death in the world. Nevertheless, most victims do survive and need treatment, and gait training is one that has to be dealt with in the rehabilitation process. Kinesio Taping (KT) is a bandaging method that can be applied along the muscle fibers to provide stimulation. Studies have shown its efficacy in providing afferent stimuli to weakened muscles, thus eliciting contraction with greater recruiting of motor units and inducing neuroplasticity. difficulty in walking with Abnormal Posture and Gait Patterns developed post Stroke. Patient was lacking Motor Control on the Right Hemiplegic Side of Body in both upper and lower limbs with Impaired sensations. Patient was severely Spastic and spasticity was assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale ( MAS ). Patient was also having difficulty in speaking (Dysarthria) with right side Facial Weakness present. Physiotherapy Interventions Focused on Reduction of Spasticity and correcting abnormal posture and gait deviations. Patient was Ambulated on the Treadmill Harness Suspension System while manually correcting Gait pattern and increasing joint proprioception and kinesthetic awareness. Further Kinesiology Taping (K Tape) was used for the correction of wrist drop and Foot drop and for giving Biofeedback as well as sensory stimulation. CIMT- Constraint Induced Movement Therapy was used for the patient for encouraging the use of affected hemiplegic limb and restricting the use of non affected limb. Outcome-Before joining the Rehab patient was lacking total motor control and sensations on the right side of body. After few days of treatment Improvement was seen in the patient with decreasing spasticity and Returning of Motor Control and Sensations again. harness patient can now stand independently with very little assistance and had improved much in the Gait pattern. Improvement was also seen in Balance and patient is now motivated with her life.

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Stroke rehabilitation: motor function: kinesiotaping: Treadmill harness suspension; Hemiplegia: conventional therapy: Ashworth scale

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The Indian national movement under Mahatma Gandhi transformed the political landscape of colonial India by bringing large sections of the rural population into the struggle against British rule. Rural India constituted the demographic and economic foundation of colonial society, and its participation was therefore essential to the development of mass nationalism. This paper examines the impact of three major Gandhian movements--Non-Cooperation (1920-1922), Civil Disobedience (1930-1934), and Quit India (1942)--on rural Indian society. It investigates the ways in which Gandhian methods of satyagraha, non-violence, boycott, swadeshi, constructive work and non-payment of certain colonial demands interacted with existing agrarian grievances. The paper argues that Gandhian politics provided rural communities with a new political vocabulary and mechanisms of collective mobilization, but that rural responses were neither uniform nor completely controlled by the Indian National Congress. Peasants frequently interpreted national political appeals through local concerns relating to land revenue, rent, tenancy, indebtedness, wages, forest rights and social authority. Scholarly research demonstrates that peasant communities differed considerably according to region, caste, class, tenancy status and local political structures. The paper further examines the transformation of rural political consciousness during the Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements and highlights the importance of local leadership and autonomous forms of rural resistance. It concludes that Gandhian movements significantly expanded the social basis of Indian nationalism and contributed to the politicization of rural India, although their impact on agrarian structures was uneven and their relationship with radical peasant movements remained complex.

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Mahatma Gandhi, Rural India, Peasantry, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, Satyagraha, Agrarian Nationalism, Colonialism, Indian National Movement

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Several studies have examined the teachers' locus of control as a tool for enhancing teachers' academic performance and student achievement outcomes; however, locus of control of secondary school teachers of Prayagraj District is unclear. This study was conducted with 105 secondary school teachers of Prayagraj District during academic year 2024-2025 to examine the level of locus of control of male and female teachers teaching in secondary school of rural and urban areas. Teachers Locus of Control Scale (TLOCS) was used in the research work standardized by Madhu Gupta and Indu Nain. As a research methodology, descriptive field survey method is used for obtaining data. The research findings show that the urban secondary school teacher's locus of control seemed more positive than the rural secondary school teacher's locus of control same as male secondary school teacher's locus of control seemed more positive than the female secondary school teacher's locus of control.

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Keywords: Teachers, Locus of Control, Internal Locus of Control, External Locus of Control

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition