Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder requiring long-term management with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that balance efficacy and tolerability. Lacosamide, a third-generation AED, has emerged as a valuable option in contemporary epilepsy therapy due to its unique mechanism of action and favorable safety profile. This review comprehensively explores lacosamide's mechanism of action, clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic optimization strategies. Lacosamide selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and modulates collapsing response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), stabilizing hyperexcitable neuronal membranes without affecting normal neuronal activity. Clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness in focal-onset seizures, both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy, with expanding evidence supporting use in generalized and refractory epilepsies. The drug exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, minimal drug-drug interactions, and predictable dose-response relationships, making it suitable for diverse patient populations. Common adverse effects include dizziness, headache, and nausea, generally mild and transient. Optimal use requires individualized dosing, careful titration, and consideration of comorbidities. Overall, lacosamide represents a significant advancement in epilepsy management, combining efficacy, safety, and pharmacological precision. Ongoing research into its broader clinical applications and long-term safety will continue to refine its therapeutic role in personalized epilepsy care.

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 Keywords

Lacosamide; Epilepsy; Voltage-gated sodium channels; CRMP-2; Antiepileptic drugs;

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 Abstract

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Maternal infections during pregnancy remain a major public health concern due to their potential impact on fetal growth and development. TORCH infections--Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (including syphilis, varicella-zoster virus, and parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)--are vertically transmitted infections associated with congenital anomalies, preterm birth, stillbirth, and long-term developmental disabilities. These infections are frequently asymptomatic in pregnant women, leading to delayed diagnosis and missed opportunities for prevention. Preventive measures such as immunization, hygiene practices, safe food handling, and antenatal education are crucial in reducing transmission. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections during pregnancy among antenatal mothers and to determine its association with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 60 antenatal mothers attending a selected hospital in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Participants were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire validated by experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study findings showed that 50% of antenatal mothers had poor knowledge, 48.89% had average knowledge, and only 1.7% demonstrated good knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate knowledge among antenatal mothers regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Strengthening health education and counseling during routine antenatal visits is essential to improve maternal awareness and promote better maternal and fetal outcomes.

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TORCH infections, Antenatal mothers, Knowledge, Pregnancy, Prevention

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 Abstract

Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

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Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

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Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

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Vyaktitva Manovigyan evam Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar: Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

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Vyaktitva Manovigyan evam Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar: Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

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Abstract Project Title: Smart Fire Fighting Robot Using IoT and AI Fire accidents in industries, commercial buildings, and residential areas can cause significant damage to property and pose serious risks to human life. This project presents a Smart Fire Fighting Robot Using IoT and AI, designed to detect and extinguish fires automatically while minimizing human involvement in hazardous environments. The robot is equipped with flame, smoke, and temperature sensors that continuously monitor the surroundings for signs of fire. When a fire is detected, the system identifies the fire source, navigates toward it, and activates a water pump to extinguish the flames. The robot is controlled using an ESP32 microcontroller, which enables wireless communication through Wi-Fi for real-time monitoring and emergency alerts. IoT technology allows users to monitor the robot's status remotely using a mobile application or web dashboard. AI-based features, such as camera-assisted fire detection and obstacle avoidance, can further improve the robot's accuracy, navigation, and response time. This project enhances fire safety by providing rapid fire detection, autonomous operation, and remote monitoring while reducing risks to firefighters. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for applications in industries, warehouses, hospitals, shopping malls, offices, and residential buildings. It represents an innovative integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, IoT, and artificial intelligence to create a modern fire protection solution.

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Smart Fire Fighting Robot, AI, IoT, Fire Detection, ESP32, Industrial Safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Uttar Pradesh evam Bihar ke Chhatron ke Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Uttar Pradesh evam Bihar ke Chhatron ke Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is the most common hormonal disorder affecting women during their reproductive years, yet public awareness about the condition remains poor. This study aimed to assess how much women know about PCOD, how common it is, and what lifestyle habits are linked to it. Materials and Methodology: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 Indian women aged 18-45 years using a self-administered online survey. The questionnaire covered demographic details, clinical symptoms, lifestyle behaviours, and knowledge-related questions. Results: The study revealed that 68% of participants self-reported having PCOD, with the highest concentration in the 20-40 years age bracket. Menstrual irregularities appeared in 88.4% of those with PCOD, while acne and facial hair affected 84.8% and 78.7% respectively. Knowledge scores averaged 3.42 out of 5, showing significant gaps particularly regarding the incurable nature of PCOD and the misconception linking it exclusively to obesity. Lifestyle analysis uncovered concerning patterns: 62.3% skipped breakfast regularly, 52.3% consumed junk food frequently, 52.3% exercised rarely, and 55% reported high stress levels. Strong statistical associations emerged between PCOD and poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and psychological stress. Age and education level correlated positively with knowledge scores, while healthier lifestyle choices correlated with fewer PCOD symptoms. Conclusion: The alarmingly high self-reported prevalence coupled with moderate knowledge levels and widespread unhealthy lifestyle practices signals an urgent public health concern. Women continue to hold fundamental misunderstandings about PCOD despite living in an era of abundant health information. The strong connections between lifestyle factors and PCOD symptoms underscore the critical importance of behavioural interventions. Healthcare systems must prioritize community awareness campaigns that specifically target young women, correct persistent misconceptions, and emphasize evidence-based lifestyle modifications. The digital distribution of this survey may have introduced selection bias, suggesting future research should employ community-based sampling with clinical confirmation using standardized diagnostic criteria to establish more accurate prevalence estimates and evaluate awareness intervention effectiveness.

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Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); Awareness; Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP); Prevalence; Menstrual Irregularity; Hyperandrogenism; Lifestyle Factors; Stress; Cross-sectional Study; India; Reproductive Age Women

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The present investigation was conducted to study the diversity and abundance of hemipteran insect fauna associated with rice crop in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. Regular field surveys were carried out from June to November 2022 during the rice-growing season. Insects were collected at fortnightly intervals using sweep nets, hand collection, visual observations and light traps. The collected specimens were preserved and identified with the help of standard taxonomic keys and available literature.

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Hemiptera, rice crop, insect diversity, abundance, planthoppers, leafhoppers, rice bugs

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Tirap, one of the oldest districts of Arunachal Pradesh, located in the southeastern part of the state, is home to two major tribes- Nocte and Tutsa. Traditionally, Tirap displays a patriarchal society that allocates more authority and privilege to men, while women have a very limited power and role to play. But in today's world, the social, economic, political and cultural lives of people worldwide are increasingly shaped by modernization. These global transformations have begun to influence even the traditional tribal societies of Tirap district, especially with regard to the role of women. Deeply rooted in tribal traditions and customs, the lives and status of women in Tirap district have been undergoing significant changes due to the influenced of various forces of globalization. Positively, modernization have reduced the traditional role of women in homemaking, farming, livestock management by creating awareness amongst the women through education and by enhancing their skills. Nowadays, women have stepped out from the four walls of their homes and started participating in economic sectors to support their families. They can be seen sitting by the roadside selling organic vegetables, handicrafts, homemade pickles etc., to become financially independent. The number of women participating in politics has also increased. Women have also become more vocal in presenting their concerns in public. With globalization many new women entrepreneurs are emerging. On the other hand, women are facing several challenges due to the current wave of globalization. In search of better job opportunities and to earn their livelihood, women leave their homes for other places, but they are often exploited and become victims of sexual harassment. This paper attempts to study the positive and negative impact of globalization on the socio-economic participation and role of women in Tirap district.

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Tirap district, Globalization, Women, Society, Tribal traditions.

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The commercialization of cultural and religious heritage sites has become a significant concern in sustainable tourism management, particularly where tourism activities intersect with sacred traditions and indigenous belief systems. This study examined the impact of tourism commercialization on the authenticity and spiritual significance of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove and Osun shrines in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by concerns that increased tourism activities, commercial enterprises, and growing visitor participation may influence the preservation of the site's cultural identity, traditional practices, and spiritual values. The study adopted a survey research design, with data collected from respondents through a structured questionnaire. A total of 193 respondents participated in the study, comprising community members, tourists, traditional custodians, and other relevant stakeholders associated with the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequency counts and percentages, to determine respondents' perceptions of the influence of tourism commercialization on the authenticity and spiritual significance of the sacred site. The findings revealed that tourism commercialization has had a significant influence on the authenticity of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove and Osun shrines. Respondents indicated that increased tourist activities, commercial businesses, and tourism development have contributed to changes in the cultural appearance, traditional practices, and features of the sacred landscape. The study also found that commercialization affects the spiritual significance of the Osun shrines, as increased visitor presence and festival-related commercial activities may create distractions and reduce the sacred atmosphere associated with traditional worship practices. However, the study established that tourism also provides important benefits, including increased cultural awareness, economic opportunities, and greater recognition of Yoruba heritage. The study concludes that tourism commercialization should not be eliminated but carefully managed through sustainable tourism approaches that protect the authenticity and spiritual values of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove. It recommends stronger regulations on commercial activities, increased involvement of traditional custodians and local communities in tourism management, visitor education, and continuous monitoring of tourism impacts.

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Cultural Authenticity, Heritage Tourism, Spiritual Significance, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Commercialization.

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The cement industry is continuously exploring sustainable alternative fuels to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining clinker quality. Although several biomass fuels have been investigated, limited studies have evaluated the influence of biomass ash on clinker burnability and clinker chemistry. In the present study, Beema bamboo was investigated as a potential alternative fuel and compared with conventional coal and petroleum coke to assess its suitability for clinker production.

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Alternative fuel, coal, pet coke, Beema bamboo, moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, burnability, clinker

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fish waste, Labeo rohita, Gelatin extraction, Biodegradable plastic, Glycerol, Soil degradation.

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The increasing number of Gulf return migrants has raised concerns regarding their successful economic reintegration after returning to their home country. Human capital, comprising education, skills, knowledge, training, and work experience, is essential for sustainable economic reintegration among return migrants. This study investigates how human capital affects the economic reintegration of Gulf return migrants in Malappuram district, Kerala. A quantitative research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 403 Gulf return migrants using a structured questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the proposed relationship. The findings revealed that human capital has a positive and statistically significant influence on economic reintegration (? = 0.539, p < 0.001), indicating that return migrants with higher levels of human capital are more likely to achieve sustainable economic reintegration. The study supports Becker's Human Capital Theory, and it highlights the need for policies that promote skill development, recognition of overseas work experience, and entrepreneurship to strengthen the economic reintegration of Gulf return migrants.

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Human Capital; Economic Reintegration; Gulf Return Migrants; Structural Equation Modelling; Kerala migrants

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the contemporary digital and data-driven era, higher education institutions are experiencing a profound paradigm shift in how knowledge is created, curated, and disseminated. Academic libraries are transitioning from passive document repositories into dynamic, intelligent "Smart Libraries"--ecosystems powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data analytics, and Semantic Web technologies. This paper investigates how the deployment of Smart Library infrastructure directly strengthens institutional research output, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and technological innovation. Utilizing a mixed-methods empirical approach, this study evaluates the impact of smart discovery systems, predictive research analytics, and automated knowledge hubs on research productivity. Furthermore, the paper identifies critical socio-technical barriers--including data privacy, financial sustainability, and digital skill gaps--and proposes a strategic multi-tiered framework for seamless Smart Library integration.

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Smart Libraries, Academic Innovation, Research Infrastructure, Artificial Intelligence in Libraries, Knowledge Management, Semantic Web, Data Analytics, Higher Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Anti-cataract, Kojic Acid, Artificial aqueous humour, In-vitro, goat lens.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kangaroo Mother Care; Knowledge; Nursing Practice; Staff Nurses; Neonatal Care; Low Birth Weight; Preterm Infant.

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The objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Karanj Taila in the management of Garbhini Kikkis and to observe its effects on itching, dryness, discoloration, and skin elasticity during pregnancy.

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Garbhini Kikkis; Stria Gravidarum; Karanj Taila; Pregnancy Dermatoses; Ayurvedic External Therapy

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