Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Clay (earthenware/terracotta) cookware has been used across cultures for centuries for cooking, storing water, fermenting foods and serving traditional dishes. Its porous aluminosilicate matrix, relatively low thermal conductivity, moisture-retaining behavior and gradual heat transfer give it distinctive culinary properties. This review examines the material composition, physicochemical and thermal characteristics, nutrient and mineral transfer, food-safety considerations, potential health implications, cultural significance, environmental advantages and socioeconomic relevance of clay cookware. Available evidence suggests that clay vessels can provide slow and relatively uniform cooking, moisture retention and desirable sensory characteristics. However, mineral migration depends strongly on clay composition, firing conditions, food acidity, temperature and repeated use. Poorly manufactured or glazed pottery may also present a risk of contaminant migration, particularly heavy metals. Claims concerning prevention or treatment of chronic diseases should therefore be interpreted cautiously because robust clinical evidence remains limited. Clay cookware offers a potentially sustainable alternative to some modern cookware, but standardization of raw materials, firing, glazing, contaminant testing and performance is needed before broad health claims can be made. Future research should focus on controlled comparative studies of nutrient retention, contaminant migration, sensory quality, energy use and long-term consumer safety.

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clay cookware; earthenware; terracotta; nutrient retention; mineral leaching; food safety; thermal properties; sustainability; traditional cookware

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ABSTRACT--Cybersecurity has grown to be a crucial subject for information and communication system security in the current digital era. Cyberattacks and security risks are on the rise due to the growing usage of the internet, cloud computing, digital services, and online transactions. Because of this, it is now essential for people, institutions, and organizations to protect their data and information systems. The current condition of cyber security, important issues, security precautions, and worldwide trends are all examined in this article. The report examines new risks, their remedies, and the most recent technological advancements in cyber security. In particular, the importance of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in identifying and dealing with cyber risks has been highlighted. The report examines growing risks, their remedies, and the most recent technological advancements in cyber security. In particular, the importance of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in identifying and dealing with cyber risks has been highlighted. The article also discusses the prospects for cyber security in the future, new issues, and practical security measures. The study comes to the conclusion that strengthening cyber security requires technological innovation, awareness, ongoing research, and cooperation among different stakeholders. Researchers, scholars, and organizations involved in cybersecurity can benefit from the knowledge provided by this study.

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Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Threats, Information Security, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Protection, Digital Security.

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Clinical lycanthropy is a rare delusional misidentification syndrome where individuals hold the fixed belief that they are transforming, or have transformed, into an animal, most commonly a wolf. Historically described since antiquity, early explanations ranged from demonic possession in medieval Europe to melancholia canina in 16th-century medical texts. Modern literature recognizes it as a secondary symptom of underlying psychiatric or neurological conditions rather than a distinct diagnosis. Analysis of 38 case reports from 1970-2020 shows psychotic depression 31.6% and schizophrenia 21.1% as the most frequent associated disorders. Bipolar-related conditions including mania and mixed episodes account for 15.8%, while organic disorders 5.3% and alcohol intoxication 2.6% are uncommon. This review traces the historical evolution of clinical lycanthropy and highlights its strong link to mood and psychotic disorders. Findings support its classification as a culture-influenced delusional symptom within the broader spectrum of psychiatric illness, emphasizing the need for treatment of the primary disorder.

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outpatients, clinics, community care, West Riding, social workers, mental hospitals.

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Bhaskara Shatakamloni Gordon Willard Allport Vyaktitva Vikasa Sutralu - Oka Anvayita Parishilana

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Bhaskara Shatakamloni Gordon Willard Allport Vyaktitva Vikasa Sutralu - Oka Anvayita Parishilana

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This paper introduces a generalized framework for fuzzy measurable functions in topological measurable spaces. We extended the classical concept of fuzzy measurability by incorporating both measurable and topological structures, allowing a unified treatment of generalized fuzzy mappings. Including closure under finite unions and intersections, composition, and stability under suitable conditions with new definitions of generalized fuzzy measurable functions are proposed together with their fundamental properties. Relationships between generalized fuzzy measurable functions, measurable graphs, level-set measurability are investigated. Conditions are sufficient for the existence of generalized fuzzy selection established in topological measurable spaces. The concept of gradual number-valued measurable functions is introduced and some preserving essential measurability properties

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Topological measurable spaces, fuzzy mappings, fuzzy measurable functions, fuzzy selection, gradual number-valued measurable function.

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This study examines agricultural development and structural transformation in Bihar by analysing recent trends in economic growth, sectoral composition and employment. Using secondary data, the study highlights the changing role of agriculture in the state economy and the gap between agricultural employment and output. The findings suggest that Bihar has experienced strong economic growth, but agriculture continues to employ a large share of the workforce with relatively lower productivity. The study identifies major challenges and suggests measures such as improving agricultural productivity, diversification, infrastructure and non-farm employment to support balanced and inclusive structural transformation.

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Keywords: Agricultural Development, Structural Transformation, Bihar, Agricultural Productivity, Employment, Economic Growth

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Abstract:Alice Walker's sixth novel By the Light of my Father's Smile is an emotionally dark narrative that explores much neglected subject of female sexuality.In this novel Walker continues the subject she began in Possessing the Secret of Joy. She does not see female sexuality as abnormality that deprives women of self-esteem and self-worth but treats the subject as a physiological celebration of pleasure and expectation.Walker begins her novel with the line "A Story of Requited Love, Crossing Over, and the Sexual Healing of the Soul." The narrative unfolds an exciting story line where Walker pays a poetic tribute to instructors, awareness and kinship. The novel centers on the acquisition of knowledge and development of a circle of friends who become extended family.The novel centers around love avenged, disembodied humans, sexual intimacy, hypocrisy, masquerade, and deception.Senor Robinson is an overbearing and controlling father,the epitome of patriarchy. He and his wife are often at odds over the upbringing of the girls,he is the stern disciplinarian and she leans more towards providing the girls opportunities to explore the world. The single motif that propels the action into play is the beating of Magdalena by her father, with a silver-studded belt.This one act impacts the lives of all the major characters causing a domino effect among other family members and the boyfriend Manuelito.Walker also talks about the predominant idea that African American men are capable of attaining an angelic state of grace.

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Keywords:Father,daughter,erotic,belt,beating,spirituality.

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Gold metal is said to be the ultimate beneficial. Gold enhances the longevity and strength, give prosperity, and cure diseases, increase luster, victory on enemies and diseases. By wearing gold as ornament, a person gets longevity among divine power and human being[Ayurvveda1 By wearing daksharayan gold as a ornament or wearing swarnamani (Gold amulets), human being get relief from diseases, prevention from ill effects of rakshas, pisacha (disease causing organisms).

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gold,ayurveda

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The definition of economics has passed through a continuous evolution, reflecting the changing trends of human society and resource allocation. Although economists at different times have put forward theories from their respective perspectives, a unified and critical synthesis of all these concepts in the context of the contemporary global economy is still lacking in the field of academic research today. This large review paper comprehensively integrates almost all major economic definitions, starting from the classical wealth-centric model to the perspectives of scarcity and welfare, and provides a deep comparative analysis. Determining the theoretical limitations, merits, and practical aspects of each theory through a rigorous comparative framework constitutes the main part of this study. At the end of this holistic analysis, Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus's 'Growth-oriented definition' is established as the most powerful, superior, and dynamic model of modern economics. This comparative study proves that in the rapidly changing times of the 21st century and in modern economics, only Samuelson's model is the most accurate, comprehensive, and realistic compared to all other theories.

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Economic definition, Neo-classical synthesis, Intertemporal dynamics, Comparative economic thought, Samuelson's theory, Microeconomic evolution.

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Samajik Anayay Ki Pehchan Aur Ushke Karan: Ek Vishlenatmak Adhayan

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Samajik Anayay Ki Pehchan Aur Ushke Karan: Ek Vishlenatmak Adhayan

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The present study, entitled "Teaching Aptitude and Work Stress Among Prospective Teachers: An Empirical Study of Their Interrelationship," was undertaken to examine teaching aptitude and work stress among prospective teachers and to explore the relationship between these two important dimensions of teacher preparation. Teaching is a complex and responsible profession that requires adequate subject knowledge, professional competence, appropriate teaching aptitude, emotional stability, interpersonal skills, and the ability to manage diverse classroom situations effectively. Prospective teachers, while undergoing professional preparation, are expected to develop these competencies before entering the teaching profession. At the same time, academic requirements, professional expectations, workload, and socio-personal factors may contribute to work stress, which can influence their professional development and preparedness. The study adopted a descriptive survey method to investigate teaching aptitude and work stress among prospective teachers. A sample of 120 B.Ed. students from institutions in West Tripura District was selected through purposive sampling. The Teaching Aptitude Test Battery (T.A.T.B.) developed by Dr. R.P. Singh and Dr. S.N. Sharma, Patna University, Patna, was used for assessing the teaching aptitude of the prospective teachers. Data were collected and analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the study using appropriate statistical techniques. The study is expected to provide useful insights into the teaching aptitude and work stress experienced by prospective teachers during their professional preparation. The findings may be useful to teacher educators, teacher education institutions, and policymakers in developing appropriate academic and professional support systems, strengthening teaching aptitude, and promoting effective stress management among prospective teachers. The study further seeks to contribute to the existing body of research on teacher education by highlighting the importance of both professional aptitude and psychological well-being in the preparation of future teachers.

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Teaching Aptitude, Prospective Teachers, Worked stress

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Dental Hygiene, Planned Teaching, Knowledge, Primary School Children, Oral Health

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Urolithiasis is condition of the kidney, caused by dehydration, decreased urine volume or fluid flow rates, or increased excretion of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, magnesium, cystine, and phosphate. This condition is characterised by the urinary calculi located in the kidney, in renal calyces, or in the renal pelvis. This condition may present with haematuria, dysuria, or pain in the flank, lower abdomen, or groin. Confirmation is by abdominal radiography to determine the presence and location of calculi.[1] This report discusses a 25-year-old male patient suffering from abdominal pain and burning pain during urination. The patient's case was managed using NATRUM MUR 200. The emotional and physical aspects of the patient were considered in the prescription. A holistic approach in homeopathy played a key role in resolving the symptoms, showcasing its importance in treating such complaints.

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Urolithiasis, Abdominal Pain, Burning pain, Natrum Mur 200, Holistic Approach

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing governance and public administration worldwide by enabling governments to deliver efficient, transparent, and citizen-centric services. In India, AI has emerged as a strategic technology supporting evidence-based policymaking, digital governance, and inclusive development. The Government of India has launched several initiatives, including the India AI Mission, Digital India, and the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, to harness AI for sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, transportation, and public welfare. AI-driven technologies improve decision-making through predictive analytics, automation, and data-driven governance while enhancing public service delivery and reducing administrative costs. However, concerns regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, cyber security, accountability, and ethical governance continue to pose significant challenges. This paper examines the role of AI in India's public policy ecosystem, explores major government initiatives and applications, identifies challenges, and suggests policy recommendations for the responsible and inclusive adoption of AI. The study concludes that AI has the potential to transform governance in India, provided it is implemented within a robust legal, ethical, and regulatory framework.

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Public Policy, Governance, Digital India, IndiaAI Mission, E-Governance, Public Administration, Responsible AI.

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?????????, ??????? ??????, ????????, ?????????, '?????? ???', '????????????', ?????? ????? ?????, ???????, ??????????, ??????,?????????? ????

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Language plays a crucial role in shaping educational equity, particularly for tribal students who often navigate the challenges of learning in a language different from their native tongue. This study examines how language use in the classroom influences teachers' perceptions of tribal students' abilities and the barriers these students face in accessing equitable education. Teachers' expectations, often shaped by students' proficiency in the dominant language, can lead to unconscious biases, affecting instruction, assessment, and overall academic opportunities. Language barriers further intensify these challenges by limiting tribal students' participation, hindering academic performance, and impacting their social and emotional well-being. Addressing these disparities requires culturally responsive teaching, fair assessment practices, and a supportive learning environment that values and integrates indigenous languages. Recognizing and actively addressing language-related challenges in tribal education is vital to ensuring fair access and fostering meaningful educational equity.

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Educational equity, Language barriers, Teacher expectations, Inclusive teaching practices, Tribal Students

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The tourism industry has witnessed major transformations, especially in the field of online booking. The review aims to highlight some key determinants of trust in online booking: video word of mouth (vWOM), website quality, service providers self disclosure and analyzes how they relate to booking intention. Through a literature survey on various studies from 2015-2025, the present study emphasizes the growing trend of booking accommodation reservations on digital platforms. Major findings reveal that trust is pertinent to booking decisions; engaging video WOM, quality websites, service providers self disclosure and subjective norms are such factors that greatly add to consumer trust. The study calls for investigation on personalization through artificial intelligence (AI), and potential influences from emerging technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). The knowledge stemmed from the findings is useful to academics and industry practitioners who are keen to engender customer trust and engagement in online accommodation booking.

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Hospitality industry, E-trust, Video WOM, Website quality, Service providers' self-disclosure, Online booking intention

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The rapid growth of quick-commerce platforms such as Blinkit, Zepto and Swiggy Instamart has transformed consumer purchasing by providing rapid delivery of groceries, household essentials and other products. While, the convenience offered by these platforms is accompanied by increasing quantities of packaging waste, including plastic covers, paper bags and cardboard boxes. Packaging take-back programmes can provide a practical mechanism for reducing this waste by encouraging consumers to return used packaging during subsequent deliveries. This study examines the consumer preferences for two alternative incentive mechanisms--financial incentives in the form of instant wallet credits or cashback and gamified rewards such as eco-badges, leaderboards and achievement levels. A questionnaire is proposed to assess perceptions of financial rewards, gamified rewards, convenience, environmental concern and intention to participate. The study further compares consumer preferences and examines whether demographic characteristics and usage frequency are associated with preferred incentives. Descriptive Statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Mean and SD), Cronbach's Alpha, Paired Samples t-test, Multiple Linear Regression are proposed for data analysis. The study is conceptually supported by the Sustainable Borrow-Use-Return (SBUR) perspective, which emphasizes responsible resource use, return, reduced waste and alignment between economic, social and environmental objectives. The findings are expected to provide useful insights for quick-commerce platforms in designing consumer-centred packaging take-back programmes that combine environmental responsibility with effective motivation

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Quick-commerce, Packaging waste, Packaging take-back, Wallet credits, Cashback, Gamification, Eco-badges, Consumer preference, Sustainability

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Art in India has historically functioned as a dynamic instrument of political resistance, social critique and identity formation. From anti-colonial theatre movements to feminist street performances, indigenous visual traditions and contemporary protest art, artistic practices have enabled communities to contest power structures and articulate dissent. The present paper studies how art functions as resistance in India through postcolonial, subaltern, performance and cultural resistance contexts. Using examples of few case studies; including the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), marginalised group's graphic narratives like Bhimayana, the street theatre activism of Safdar Hashmi, the visual protest culture of Shaheen Bagh, feminist mobilization by Pinjra Tod and indigenous expressions such as Gond art; this study argues that resistance art reshapes public consciousness and democratizes political discourse. While artistic resistance does not always produce immediate policy change, it sustains dissent, constructs counter-publics and reimagines mutual futures.

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Key Words: Art, Resistance, Public consciousness, Political discourse

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Abstract: Sports tourism is an increasingly significant segment of the global tourism industry, and India is rapidly emerging as a promising destination within this niche. This paper explores the current landscape of sports tourism in India, analysing its trends, economic impact, government policies, challenges, and opportunities. Drawing upon recent market data, governmental initiatives, and academic insights, it highlights the immense potential for India to solidify its position as a major sports tourism hub, driven by its diverse sporting culture, growing infrastructure, and strategic policy frameworks.

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Sports Tourism, India, Economic Impact, Government Policy, Challenges, Opportunities, Adventure Tourism, Event Tourism, Cricket, Khelo India.

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