Volume 14 | Issue 8

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In Comprehending the essence of Humanity believed to be transpired into the Cyborg world. This paper will establish the social construct of evolution in humans which has been pictured, believed and assimilated in today's world of Technology. By exploring the Cyborg world presented by Donna J. Haraway, in her works such as 'A Cyborg Manifesto', 'Simians, Cyborgs and women' and 'when species meet', these works will elicit the reality of a future we are living in now, wherein we are perceived and identified as Cyborgs. This reality enabled by scientific advancements entail all realms of our existence, such as political, social, religious and cultural, that can be influenced and affected by this approach. My argument gravitates towards the optimistic approaches along with philosophical notions in order to salvage the possibility of a humane Technoculture in today's world and the future. Donna J Haraway's essay is pregnant with hypothetical question of a world of Cyborgs and in the ways it's going to blur the boundaries between man and the machine and man and animal. And hence, essentially breaking these boundaries could be the solution to a humane Technoculture.

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Humanity, Cyborg world, Technology, Optimistic, philosophical, humane, Technoculture, Boundaries.

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Keywords: Basic Life Support, Video-Assisted Teaching Programme, Fourth-Class Workers, Knowledge, Hospital Support Staff, Rajasthan

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Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR, Structured Teaching Programme, Fourth-Class Workers, Hospital Support Staff, Knowledge, Rajasthan

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Breast milk is the perfect food for human infants. It is markedly different from, and uniquely superior to, artificial baby milk. Superiority of human milk is due to its superior nutritive and protective value. It provides total nutrient requirement for the first six months of life. It also prevents malnutrition and allows the child to develop fully. But when there is not enough mother's milk available due to some reasons like mother has insufficient milk glands, has had past breast surgery or is taking medication (eg: chemotherapy for cancer) and has an infection that could spread to her baby through breast feeding. For these babies an alternative must be sought. Breast milk is the main source of food for the baby, which is necessary for its growth and development. every mother looks forwards for a healthy baby. Breastfeeding also allows mother and baby to bond emotionally. WHO Recommended exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months and continue till two years of age along with weaning. Background of the study: - Breast milk that has been expressed, pasteurized and stored in sterilized conditions is safe and healthy for babies. The milk in the human milk bank is collected from donor mothers on the third day after giving birth, if they fulfil certain safety criteria that have been set by the hospital. The milk bank has one refrigerator, one sterilizer and two pasteurizers. The steel containers are washed and sterilized in the sterilizer. The containers are then sent for collection of milk. The technician washes her hands, and labels the containers. The milk is pasteurized in the pasteurizer for half an hour at the prescribed temperature. A sample is taken and sent to microbiology department for testing for infections. After the report comes the milk is stored in the freezer at -20 degrees C. Milk thus collected can be stored for 3 to 6 months in prescribed conditions. Objectives of the study: - To assess the pretest knowledge regarding Human milk Banking among the postnatal mothers at selected rural area. To assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding human milk banking among the postnatal mothers at selected rural area. To determine the association between post-test knowledge scores & demographic variables among the postnatal mothers at selected rural area. Methodology: - A study was conducted on 60 among postnatal mothers a Quasi- experimental, one-group-pretest-post-test research design at selected area rural areas and the samples for the study were selected by using convenient sampling method. A tool was prepared to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding human milk banking among postnatal mothers which was divided into two parts i.e., Part 1 of demographic data and part 2 of structured questionnaire regarding knowledge on human milk bank. The content validity was done by various experts and the reliability of the tool was obtained by using Parallel Form method of reliability. A pilot study was conducted on 06 samples to check the feasibility of the study, and it was found to be feasible to conduct main study. The final data for main study was collected over 60 samples. Result: - in this study, At the time of pre-test, 35% of the postnatal mothers had poor knowledge, 61.67% of the mothers had average knowledge and 3.33% of them had good knowledge regarding human milk banking. Then post-test, no one of the postnatal mothers had poor knowledge, 28.33% of the mothers had average knowledge and 71.67% of them had good knowledge regarding human milk banking. Which, signifies the positive difference between the pretest and post-test. Conclusion: - This Study concludes that informational booklet is helpful to improve knowledge regarding human milk banking among postnatal mothers in selected rural areas.

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Human Milk Banking

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Spiritual care has always been central to pastoral ministry, yet pastoral leadership today also includes increasing organisational and administrative responsibilities. This study examines whether Spiritual Care and Growth functions as a marker of effective pastoral leadership by exploring the perceptions of pastors and congregants regarding ministry effectiveness. A convergent mixed-method design was used, involving 28 pastors and 336 congregants through structured questionnaires, together with semi-structured interviews with retired senior pastors. The analysis indicates that Spiritual Care and Growth emerged as the strongest indicator of ministry effectiveness. It also received the highest rating from the congregants and was the only leadership dimension in which congregants rated pastors higher than pastors rated themselves. Taken together, the findings suggest that congregants understand pastoral leadership primarily through spiritual care, guidance, pastoral presence and relational involvement rather than through organisational responsibilities alone. The findings further suggest that spiritual care remains central to effective pastoral leadership, while organisational and administrative responsibilities fulfil their purpose when they support the church's pastoral ministry of nurturing, guiding and caring for God's people.

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Pastoral leadership; Spiritual care; Ministry effectiveness; Pastoral ministry; Shepherding; Pastoral presence.

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आध्यात्मिक संगीत मानव सभ्यता की सबसे प्राचीन और समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक परंपराओं में से एक है, जिसने सदियों से मनुष्य के मानसिक, भावनात्मक, सामाजिक और आध्यात्मिक विकास में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। भारतीय दर्शन में संगीत को केवल मनोरंजन का साधन नहीं माना गया, बल्कि इसे आत्मा और परमात्मा के मध्य संवाद स्थापित करने वाला एक प्रभावशाली माध्यम स्वीकार किया गया है। वैदिक परंपरा में "नाद-ब्रह्म" की अवधारणा इस तथ्य को स्पष्ट करती है कि सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि ध्वनि और स्पंदन पर आधारित है तथा संगीत मनुष्य को उसकी आंतरिक चेतना से जोड़ने की क्षमता रखता है। भजन, कीर्तन, गुरमत संगीत, सूफी संगीत, मंत्रोच्चारण तथा ध्यान-संगीत जैसी विभिन्न आध्यात्मिक संगीत परंपराएँ व्यक्ति के अंतर्मन को शांति, संतुलन और सकारात्मक ऊर्जा प्रदान करती हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में आध्यात्मिक संगीत की अवधारणा, उसकी ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि, विभिन्न स्वरूपों तथा मानव जीवन पर उसके बहुआयामी प्रभावों का विस्तृत अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह स्पष्ट करना है कि आध्यात्मिक संगीत किस प्रकार व्यक्ति के मानसिक तनाव, चिंता और अवसाद को कम करने में सहायक सिद्ध होता है तथा उसके नैतिक, सामाजिक और आध्यात्मिक मूल्यों के विकास में योगदान देता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, शोध-पत्र में यह भी विश्लेषित किया गया है कि आध्यात्मिक संगीत ध्यान, योग और आत्म-साक्षात्कार की प्रक्रियाओं को किस प्रकार सुदृढ़ करता है। यह अध्ययन वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक शोध-पद्धति पर आधारित है, जिसके अंतर्गत प्राचीन धार्मिक ग्रंथों, संगीतशास्त्रीय साहित्य, आधुनिक शोध-पत्रों तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक अध्ययनों का उपयोग किया गया है। विभिन्न विद्वानों के मतों के आधार पर यह निष्कर्ष प्राप्त हुआ है कि आध्यात्मिक संगीत व्यक्ति के मस्तिष्क में सकारात्मक परिवर्तन उत्पन्न करता है, भावनात्मक संतुलन स्थापित करता है तथा जीवन के प्रति सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण विकसित करने में सहायता प्रदान करता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह सामाजिक समरसता, सांस्कृतिक एकता तथा मानवीय मूल्यों के संरक्षण में भी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। आधुनिक युग में बढ़ते भौतिकवाद, प्रतिस्पर्धा, तनाव और मानसिक विकारों के कारण आध्यात्मिक संगीत की प्रासंगिकता और भी अधिक बढ़ गई है। वर्तमान समय में संगीत-चिकित्सा, योग, ध्यान और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य कार्यक्रमों में आध्यात्मिक संगीत का व्यापक रूप से प्रयोग किया जा रहा है। यह न केवल व्यक्ति को आत्मिक शांति प्रदान करता है, बल्कि उसे आत्म-चिंतन, आत्म-अनुभूति और परम चेतना की ओर भी प्रेरित करता है। अतः यह कहा जा सकता है कि आध्यात्मिक संगीत मानव जीवन के सर्वांगीण विकास का एक सशक्त माध्यम है, जो व्यक्ति के मानसिक, सामाजिक और आध्यात्मिक उत्थान में अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान देता है तथा उसे जीवन के वास्तविक उद्देश्य और आंतरिक सत्य की अनुभूति कराने में सहायता प्रदान करता है।

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आध्यात्मिक संगीत, नाद-ब्रह्म, मानव जीवन, आत्मिक विकास, मानसिक शांति, गुरमत संगीत, ध्यान, संगीत-चिकित्सा, आध्यात्मिक चेतना, आत्म-साक्षात्कार।

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The "Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals," established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation on 25 September 2015, outlines a series of international objectives aimed at promoting gender equality. The Sustainable Development Goals of 2015 highlighted the issues of gender inequality and the disparities in access to resources, participation, opportunities, the exercise of rights, and access to positions of power, among other factors. Education is identified as one of the critical areas that can significantly advance gender equality. Kofi Annan, the 7th UN Secretary-General and a strong advocate for human rights, aptly stated, "Study after study has taught us that there is no tool for development more effective than the education of girls and the empowerment of women". Hence, female education, which is regarded by the world over as a benchmark to measure the progress of a community, is still progressing gradually or developing incrementally in India. This work seeks to summarise the history of the institutionalisation of female education in India. It examines the major provisions enumerated on female education in the National Policy on Education 1986, 1992 and 2020. This paper has undertaken a significant study of the education policies and strategies adopted in the Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2015. The study analyses the extent to which the National Education Policy, 2020 incorporates the Sustainable Development Goals and how far it contributes to fostering female education in India.

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Female, Education, Policy, Sustainable, Development, Goals, Gender, Gap Equity.

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Financial inclusion is essential for sustainable economic development, yet significant sections of India's population still face limited access to formal financial services despite initiatives such as PMJDY. Since the Companies Act, 2013, CSR has emerged as a strategic instrument for promoting financial literacy, digital inclusion, entrepreneurship, women's empowerment, and rural development. This study reviews the role of CSR in advancing financial inclusion through government policies, corporate practices, and banking initiatives. It develops a conceptual framework linking CSR with financial inclusion outcomes, identifies implementation challenges, and recommends collaborative policy measures. The findings reveal that CSR significantly enhances financial access, digital payments, and socio-economic development, while greater transparency, impact evaluation, equitable outreach, and technology integration are essential for maximizing its long-term effectiveness.

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Inclusion, Banking Sector, Sustainable Development, Digital Finance, Financial Literacy, CSR Policy

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This study titled "Education as a Human Right or a Policy Claim: A Critical Study of Universal Enrollment and Child Labour at Primary School Level in India" critically evaluates whether primary education in India functions as an enforceable human right or remains a policy assertion. Although Article 21A of the Indian Constitution and the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009 legally guarantee free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14, severe socio-economic hurdles continue to impede universal access and completion. Utilizing a descriptive, analytical, and critical framework grounded in secondary data from UDISE+, ASER, Census of India, NSSO, UNESCO, and ILO, this research examines the complex nexus between universal enrollment and child labour. The empirical analysis reveals that while Gross Enrollment Ratios (GER) and primary completion rates (consistently above 90-94%) reflect administrative expansion, persistent child labour (concentrated in agriculture and informal work), regional disparities, and post-pandemic dropouts prevent meaningful educational realisation. The study concludes that achieving education as a genuine human right requires moving beyond numerical enrollment targets to robust legal enforcement, poverty alleviation, improved school infrastructure, and integrated socio-economic support systems.

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Human Rights, Universal Enrollment, Child Labour, Primary Education, Right to Education Act.

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Coconut shell ash (CSA), Ceramic electrical insulator, Mullite, Flashover and Porosity

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications owing to their remarkable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. However, conventional chemical and physical methods employed for AgNP synthesis often involve hazardous reagents, high energy consumption, and environmental concerns. In recent years, green synthesis has gained considerable attention as a sustainable alternative by utilizing plant-derived phytochemicals as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Azadirachta indica (Neem), a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional medicine, possesses a rich phytochemical profile comprising flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, proteins, and polysaccharides that facilitate the eco-friendly synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles. The synergistic interaction between neem phytoconstituents and silver nanoparticles enhances their antibacterial efficacy against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms while simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration and accelerating wound healing. Recent advances have demonstrated the successful incorporation of neem-mediated AgNPs into biopolymeric wound dressings, including chitosan-, polyvinyl alcohol-, alginate-, gelatin-, cellulose-, and hydrogel-based matrices, resulting in improved mechanical strength, moisture retention, controlled silver release, biocompatibility, and prolonged antimicrobial activity. This review comprehensively discusses the phytochemical basis of neem-mediated green synthesis, reaction mechanisms involved in nanoparticle formation, factors influencing synthesis efficiency, physicochemical characterization techniques, antibacterial and wound-healing mechanisms, fabrication of antibacterial wound patches, and their physico-mechanical and biological evaluation. Furthermore, recent developments, current challenges, regulatory considerations, toxicity concerns, and future prospects for translating neem-mediated silver nanoparticle-based wound dressings into clinical applications are critically examined. The evidence summarized in this review indicates that neem-mediated AgNP-incorporated wound patches represent an environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and highly promising strategy for the development of next-generation antimicrobial wound care systems.

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Azadirachta indica, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Antibacterial wound patch, Wound healing, Nanotechnology, Phytochemicals, Chitosan, Biopolymeric dressing, antimicrobial activity.

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The present study was conducted to examine the social adjustment and emotional maturity of college students in Punjab with reference to gender and locale, and to determine the relationship between these two variables. The study adopted the descriptive research method. A sample of 105 college students from Punjab was selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Data were collected using the Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI) developed by R. C. Deva (2023) and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed by Singh and Bhargava (2012). Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, and Pearson's coefficient of correlation were used for data analysis. The findings revealed no significant gender differences in either social adjustment or emotional maturity. However, significant differences were observed with respect to locale, with rural students showing higher social adjustment and urban students demonstrating higher emotional maturity. A significant negative relationship was found between social adjustment and emotional maturity for the overall sample, as well as among male, female, and rural, urban students, whereas no significant relationship was observed among rural students. The study highlights the importance of addressing social and emotional aspects of students' development through appropriate guidance and counseling programmes in higher education institutions.

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Social Adjustment, Emotional Maturity, College Students, Gender, Locale, Punjab

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Drop culture refers to a marketing tactic when brands create demand through scarcity, exclusivity and digital interactions released as limited-edition products. While much literature covers themes such as scarcity marketing, social media impacts, FoMO and resales separately, few studies look into consumer behaviour within drop culture. Thus, this study qualitatively researched what drives consumers psychologically, socially and behaviourally to buy into limited-edition releases. Design/methodology/approach: Using triangulation methodology, this study conducted an exploratory qualitative study. Data was gathered through 15 semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire with 287 valid responses. Thematic analysis was conducted on both data sets using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase methodology. Findings: Four themes emerged: Exclusivity and Status, FOMO and Purchase Urgency, Community and Brand Connection, and Resale and Hype. The findings of this study conclude that consumers do not simply buy a product; they buy into an idea. Symbolic value, self-expression, community and belonging, and potential resale value were all contributors to customers' decision-making. Social media can enhance hype and consumers' pre-purchase excitement. Originality/value: This study offers qualitative insight into consumer psychology and current digital consumerism.

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Drop culture, scarcity marketing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), consumer behaviour, social media, limited-edition products.

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Present research studies aimed to explore usually utilized angiospermic, dicotyledonous medicinal plant Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad, District- Kolhapur, Maharashtra. This plant belongs to the family Apocynaceae and it is commonly well recognized as karvand, Dongri Maina or Ranmeva. In this paper I have reported moisture %, pH and biochemical constituent vitamin C which is most plentiful active principle from the fresh unripened and ripened fruits of the plant. Present investigation was undertaken to study plant chemical resource and medicinal traditional uses knowledge about the karvand. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances. I have reported 71.5 % moisture unripened fruits pulp , 61 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. pH of unripened fruits pulp juice was 5 and 6 pH was observed pulp juice ripened fruits, 67 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. Height of the plant was 4 m. of the Fresh weight and dry weight unripened fruit was 3.80 gm and 1.10 gm. Fresh weight and dry weight ripened fruit was 4.15 gm and 1.45 gm. 11.38 mg/10 ml Vitamin C from unripened and 7.72 mg/10 ml Vitamin C ripened fruits pulp of Carissa carandas L was recorded.

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Vitamin C stuff in the unripened and ripened fruits of Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra.

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The proliferation of engineered indoor air microbiomes in commercial real estate, curated probiotic bacterial blends circulated through HVAC systems and marketed as health-enhancing amenities, has created a novel and largely unexamined legal problem at the intersection of intellectual property, property law, and tort. Building owners increasingly seek patent protection over these proprietary microbial formulations, yet the diffuse and non-excludable nature of air itself sits uneasily within traditional frameworks of ownership and possession. This paper examines whether existing doctrines, patent eligibility standards for living organisms, trespass to chattels, and conversion, can meaningfully accommodate claims arising when tenants inadvertently carry patented bacteria beyond the premises on clothing, skin, or hair. It argues that conventional property reasoning, rooted in the capacity to exclude and control a tangible resource, breaks down when applied to an environment designed for inhalation and unavoidable bodily contact. The paper further explores contractual attempts to fill this doctrinal gap through restrictive lease covenants, alongside the tension these raise with unconscionability principles, bodily autonomy, and public health disclosure obligations. Situating this emerging conflict within broader debates on the enclosure of biological commons, the paper proposes a framework for distinguishing legitimate innovation protection from overreaching claims of dominion over shared, ambient space.

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Microbial Patents, Indoor Air Governance, Trespass To Chattels, Biological Commons, Property Rights In Living Organisms

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yksdxhr eku[kS jS fg;S jk Hkkoka uS njlkoS gSA vS yksdok.kh jS :Ik esa izokfgr gq;uS yksdxhr dSgykoS gSA yksdxhrka jkS fljt.k lkewfgd psruk }kjk LokHkkfod jhfr law gksoS gSaA yksdxhr eku[kS jS fg;S jh oka uSlfxZd vfHkO;fDr gS ft.kesa Hkko] Hkklk vj Nan jh fu;ferrk lwa eqDr jS;^j LoPNan Hkko mtkxj gksoS gSA feu[k tekjS jS eka; Hkkar&Hkkar jk fof/k&fo/kku vki.kh lkaLdfrd fojklr jkS c[kk.k djkoSA fgUnw /kje pkj vkJe vj lksGgka laLdkj jS eka; ckafV;ksM+ks gSaA b.k O;oLFkk jkS oj.kko iqjk.kka xzaFkka jS eka; ns[k.k uS feGS i.k vkt jS b.k HkkSfrdrk jS tqx eka; feu[k vkijk iqjk.kka laLdkj vj jhr&fjoktka uS Hkwyrks tk fj;ks gSA iSyk tSM+h jksd&Vksd vckj jh lkekftd O;oLFkk Eksa ns[k.k uS uha feGSA vkt lekt jS eka; vkiuS vSM+k feu[k Hkh feG tkoSyk ft.kkauS b.k laLdkjka jS ckjS Eksa fd.kh Hkkar jh tk.kdkjh uha gSA iSyk jh ekurk jS eqtc dje iz/kkurk gh] feu[k tSM+k dje djrks m.kjkS ckS vkJe gks tkorks i.k c[kr jS lkFkS O;oLFkk cnGh vj dje jh BkSM+ tye iz/kku O;oLFkk gks;xhA iSyk jS c[kr jS eka; 'kqnz tS laLdkjoku c.k tkorks rks m.kuS cke.k dqG Eksa eku feyrks] tS lwjrk fn[kkorks rks {kf=; dqG Eksa eku feyrksA b.k Hkkar tSM+k dje djrks m.k Hkkar jk QG feGrkA o.kZ O;oLFkk jS lkFkS lkekftd cnyko Hkh ns[k.k uS fefG;kA m.k c[kr jS eku[kS jS eka; laLdkjka jh deh vk;xhA vkS ght dkj.k gS dS vkt vkika lksGgka laLdkjka lwa rhu laLdkjka ekFkS vk;uS vVd fx;kA vS rhu laLdkj tye] C;ko vj fejR;q ght gSA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

yksdxhr, ygfj;ka lwa yksdxhr , C;ko jS ekSds ekFkS xk;k tko.k okGk yksdxhr

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition