Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vyaktitva Manovigyan evam Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar: Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Vyaktitva Manovigyan evam Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar: Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Project Title: Smart Fire Fighting Robot Using IoT and AI Fire accidents in industries, commercial buildings, and residential areas can cause significant damage to property and pose serious risks to human life. This project presents a Smart Fire Fighting Robot Using IoT and AI, designed to detect and extinguish fires automatically while minimizing human involvement in hazardous environments. The robot is equipped with flame, smoke, and temperature sensors that continuously monitor the surroundings for signs of fire. When a fire is detected, the system identifies the fire source, navigates toward it, and activates a water pump to extinguish the flames. The robot is controlled using an ESP32 microcontroller, which enables wireless communication through Wi-Fi for real-time monitoring and emergency alerts. IoT technology allows users to monitor the robot's status remotely using a mobile application or web dashboard. AI-based features, such as camera-assisted fire detection and obstacle avoidance, can further improve the robot's accuracy, navigation, and response time. This project enhances fire safety by providing rapid fire detection, autonomous operation, and remote monitoring while reducing risks to firefighters. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for applications in industries, warehouses, hospitals, shopping malls, offices, and residential buildings. It represents an innovative integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, IoT, and artificial intelligence to create a modern fire protection solution.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Fire Fighting Robot, AI, IoT, Fire Detection, ESP32, Industrial Safety.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Uttar Pradesh evam Bihar ke Chhatron ke Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Uttar Pradesh evam Bihar ke Chhatron ke Sahaj Kathor Vyaktitva Vyavahar ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is the most common hormonal disorder affecting women during their reproductive years, yet public awareness about the condition remains poor. This study aimed to assess how much women know about PCOD, how common it is, and what lifestyle habits are linked to it. Materials and Methodology: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 Indian women aged 18-45 years using a self-administered online survey. The questionnaire covered demographic details, clinical symptoms, lifestyle behaviours, and knowledge-related questions. Results: The study revealed that 68% of participants self-reported having PCOD, with the highest concentration in the 20-40 years age bracket. Menstrual irregularities appeared in 88.4% of those with PCOD, while acne and facial hair affected 84.8% and 78.7% respectively. Knowledge scores averaged 3.42 out of 5, showing significant gaps particularly regarding the incurable nature of PCOD and the misconception linking it exclusively to obesity. Lifestyle analysis uncovered concerning patterns: 62.3% skipped breakfast regularly, 52.3% consumed junk food frequently, 52.3% exercised rarely, and 55% reported high stress levels. Strong statistical associations emerged between PCOD and poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and psychological stress. Age and education level correlated positively with knowledge scores, while healthier lifestyle choices correlated with fewer PCOD symptoms. Conclusion: The alarmingly high self-reported prevalence coupled with moderate knowledge levels and widespread unhealthy lifestyle practices signals an urgent public health concern. Women continue to hold fundamental misunderstandings about PCOD despite living in an era of abundant health information. The strong connections between lifestyle factors and PCOD symptoms underscore the critical importance of behavioural interventions. Healthcare systems must prioritize community awareness campaigns that specifically target young women, correct persistent misconceptions, and emphasize evidence-based lifestyle modifications. The digital distribution of this survey may have introduced selection bias, suggesting future research should employ community-based sampling with clinical confirmation using standardized diagnostic criteria to establish more accurate prevalence estimates and evaluate awareness intervention effectiveness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); Awareness; Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP); Prevalence; Menstrual Irregularity; Hyperandrogenism; Lifestyle Factors; Stress; Cross-sectional Study; India; Reproductive Age Women

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to study the diversity and abundance of hemipteran insect fauna associated with rice crop in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. Regular field surveys were carried out from June to November 2022 during the rice-growing season. Insects were collected at fortnightly intervals using sweep nets, hand collection, visual observations and light traps. The collected specimens were preserved and identified with the help of standard taxonomic keys and available literature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hemiptera, rice crop, insect diversity, abundance, planthoppers, leafhoppers, rice bugs

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tirap, one of the oldest districts of Arunachal Pradesh, located in the southeastern part of the state, is home to two major tribes- Nocte and Tutsa. Traditionally, Tirap displays a patriarchal society that allocates more authority and privilege to men, while women have a very limited power and role to play. But in today's world, the social, economic, political and cultural lives of people worldwide are increasingly shaped by modernization. These global transformations have begun to influence even the traditional tribal societies of Tirap district, especially with regard to the role of women. Deeply rooted in tribal traditions and customs, the lives and status of women in Tirap district have been undergoing significant changes due to the influenced of various forces of globalization. Positively, modernization have reduced the traditional role of women in homemaking, farming, livestock management by creating awareness amongst the women through education and by enhancing their skills. Nowadays, women have stepped out from the four walls of their homes and started participating in economic sectors to support their families. They can be seen sitting by the roadside selling organic vegetables, handicrafts, homemade pickles etc., to become financially independent. The number of women participating in politics has also increased. Women have also become more vocal in presenting their concerns in public. With globalization many new women entrepreneurs are emerging. On the other hand, women are facing several challenges due to the current wave of globalization. In search of better job opportunities and to earn their livelihood, women leave their homes for other places, but they are often exploited and become victims of sexual harassment. This paper attempts to study the positive and negative impact of globalization on the socio-economic participation and role of women in Tirap district.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tirap district, Globalization, Women, Society, Tribal traditions.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The commercialization of cultural and religious heritage sites has become a significant concern in sustainable tourism management, particularly where tourism activities intersect with sacred traditions and indigenous belief systems. This study examined the impact of tourism commercialization on the authenticity and spiritual significance of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove and Osun shrines in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by concerns that increased tourism activities, commercial enterprises, and growing visitor participation may influence the preservation of the site's cultural identity, traditional practices, and spiritual values. The study adopted a survey research design, with data collected from respondents through a structured questionnaire. A total of 193 respondents participated in the study, comprising community members, tourists, traditional custodians, and other relevant stakeholders associated with the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequency counts and percentages, to determine respondents' perceptions of the influence of tourism commercialization on the authenticity and spiritual significance of the sacred site. The findings revealed that tourism commercialization has had a significant influence on the authenticity of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove and Osun shrines. Respondents indicated that increased tourist activities, commercial businesses, and tourism development have contributed to changes in the cultural appearance, traditional practices, and features of the sacred landscape. The study also found that commercialization affects the spiritual significance of the Osun shrines, as increased visitor presence and festival-related commercial activities may create distractions and reduce the sacred atmosphere associated with traditional worship practices. However, the study established that tourism also provides important benefits, including increased cultural awareness, economic opportunities, and greater recognition of Yoruba heritage. The study concludes that tourism commercialization should not be eliminated but carefully managed through sustainable tourism approaches that protect the authenticity and spiritual values of the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove. It recommends stronger regulations on commercial activities, increased involvement of traditional custodians and local communities in tourism management, visitor education, and continuous monitoring of tourism impacts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cultural Authenticity, Heritage Tourism, Spiritual Significance, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Commercialization.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fish waste, Labeo rohita, Gelatin extraction, Biodegradable plastic, Glycerol, Soil degradation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing number of Gulf return migrants has raised concerns regarding their successful economic reintegration after returning to their home country. Human capital, comprising education, skills, knowledge, training, and work experience, is essential for sustainable economic reintegration among return migrants. This study investigates how human capital affects the economic reintegration of Gulf return migrants in Malappuram district, Kerala. A quantitative research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 403 Gulf return migrants using a structured questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the proposed relationship. The findings revealed that human capital has a positive and statistically significant influence on economic reintegration (? = 0.539, p < 0.001), indicating that return migrants with higher levels of human capital are more likely to achieve sustainable economic reintegration. The study supports Becker's Human Capital Theory, and it highlights the need for policies that promote skill development, recognition of overseas work experience, and entrepreneurship to strengthen the economic reintegration of Gulf return migrants.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human Capital; Economic Reintegration; Gulf Return Migrants; Structural Equation Modelling; Kerala migrants

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the contemporary digital and data-driven era, higher education institutions are experiencing a profound paradigm shift in how knowledge is created, curated, and disseminated. Academic libraries are transitioning from passive document repositories into dynamic, intelligent "Smart Libraries"--ecosystems powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data analytics, and Semantic Web technologies. This paper investigates how the deployment of Smart Library infrastructure directly strengthens institutional research output, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and technological innovation. Utilizing a mixed-methods empirical approach, this study evaluates the impact of smart discovery systems, predictive research analytics, and automated knowledge hubs on research productivity. Furthermore, the paper identifies critical socio-technical barriers--including data privacy, financial sustainability, and digital skill gaps--and proposes a strategic multi-tiered framework for seamless Smart Library integration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Libraries, Academic Innovation, Research Infrastructure, Artificial Intelligence in Libraries, Knowledge Management, Semantic Web, Data Analytics, Higher Education.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anti-cataract, Kojic Acid, Artificial aqueous humour, In-vitro, goat lens.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kangaroo Mother Care; Knowledge; Nursing Practice; Staff Nurses; Neonatal Care; Low Birth Weight; Preterm Infant.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Karanj Taila in the management of Garbhini Kikkis and to observe its effects on itching, dryness, discoloration, and skin elasticity during pregnancy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Garbhini Kikkis; Stria Gravidarum; Karanj Taila; Pregnancy Dermatoses; Ayurvedic External Therapy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Childhood history is a developing topic that sheds light on earlier societies and how they relate to contemporary concerns. It also adds to a vibrant, multidisciplinary conversation regarding the nature of childhood and how it differs by geography, socioeconomic class, and gender. While commonly regarded as a natural and timeless stage of life, childhood has always been a dynamic and culturally produced experience. Theorists have been interested in the unusual nature of human development, which has evolved over a protracted period of reliance known as childhood. The article investigates how different communities have defined childhood, allocated roles to children, and structured their upbringing and education over time and across locations. The research explores the role of children in ancient societies, looking at early modern education and labour transitions, medieval Christian perspectives on sin and innocence, and the effects of the Industrial Revolution on children's employment and education. Developments of the 20th century are also examined, including mass education, child psychology, the debate over global rights, and consumer and digital childhoods. It draws attention to how childhood is socially constructed and relevant in discussions of identity, family, rights, and labour. Studies later viewed childhood as a significant stage in human psychological development. Religious beliefs, women's movements, and urbanisation and industrialisation influence these shifts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Childhood, children, ancient societies, family, revolution, labour, industrial revolution

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Correctional facilities have sought to find a balance between the goals of punishment and the goals of rehabilitation for a long time. The programs offered by an institution are dependent upon the behavior of the offenders, the safety of the staff and the safety of the community. After reviewing the theory and empirical consistencies related to correctional intervention, this paper provides an overview of rehabilitation and programming within adult and juvenile facilities. Cognitive-behavioural programs, vocational/educational programs, therapeutic communities, and risk-need-responsivity are highlighted. Arguments are made that efforts to examine what makes corrections effective should focus less on whether programming works, and more on issues related to program fidelity, appropriate offender classification, and strength of institutional culture. Structural obstacles to rehabilitation such as overcrowding, staff shortages, and prison-induced crime are discussed. Intervention models showing promise are described including trauma-informed care and re-entry case management. Opportunities for reducing recidivism through correctional intervention exist but are only effective if services are matched to risk and need, implemented properly, and linked to community programming upon release.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Correctional, Punishment, Rehabilitation, Offender, Juvenile, Cognitive-behavioural, Vocational, Therapeutic, Trauma-Informed

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aamavata is an important Ayurvedic disorder marked by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, heaviness, loss of appetite, and systemic symptoms due to Ama and aggravated Vata. Its clinical features closely resemble rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Although RA is mainly managed with DMARDs, medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties may offer complementary options. Vidhara, scientifically known as Argyreia speciosa Sweet. (Convolvulaceae), is a traditionally used Ayurvedic plant with reported analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, particularly in root preparations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Argyreia speciosa; Vidhara; Vrudhadaruka; Aamavata; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Phytochemistry; Anti-inflammatory; Immunomodulatory; Analgesic; Ayurveda.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has fundamentally transformed the functioning of public administration across the world. In India, e-governance has emerged as a key instrument for improving administrative efficiency, promoting transparency, strengthening accountability, and delivering citizen-centric public services. This study examines the implementation of e-governance initiatives within the Shivamogga District Administration of Karnataka. It evaluates the contribution of major digital platforms and services in enhancing administrative performance and facilitating access to government services. The study adopts a descriptive research design based on primary and secondary sources of information to assess public awareness, service utilization, and administrative outcomes. The findings indicate that digital governance has simplified service delivery, reduced procedural delays, and increased transparency in government operations. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate rural connectivity, infrastructural constraints, and the need for continuous capacity building continue to affect the effective implementation of e-governance. The study concludes that sustained investment in digital infrastructure, citizen awareness, and institutional capacity is essential for strengthening district-level digital governance and achieving inclusive public administration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

E-Governance, Digital Governance, Public Administration, Shivamogga District, Citizen Services, ICT, Karnataka.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pulmonary drug delivery is an effective non-invasive approach for treating local and systemic diseases by delivering drugs directly to the lungs. The lungs' large surface area, rich vascularization, thin alveolar membrane, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism enable rapid absorption, enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic side effects, and improved patient compliance. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are widely used because of their stability and convenience. Various techniques, including spray drying, spray freeze drying, freeze drying, solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid technology, and emulsification, are used to prepare inhalable microparticles, with spray drying being the most preferred due to its ability to produce particles with suitable aerodynamic properties for deep lung deposition. These microparticles are characterized by FTIR, DSC, SEM, particle size analysis, zeta potential, micromeritic properties, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and aerosol performance. Natural, synthetic, and biodegradable polymers are used to improve particle stability, drug encapsulation, controlled release, and lung deposition. Inhalable microparticles have been widely investigated for the pulmonary delivery of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, vaccines, proteins, peptides, anticancer drugs, and gene therapeutics. This review highlights pulmonary drug delivery, lung deposition mechanisms, inhalation devices, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and recent advances in spray-dried inhalable microparticles for targeted and efficient respiratory drug delivery.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microparticles, systemic drug delivery, controlled drug release, drug encapsulation, dry powder inhalers

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition