Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

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Forests in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, are crucial for ecological stability and the livelihoods of indigenous and forest-fringe communities. However, conservation efforts often conflict with community needs, creating complex socio-economic and institutional challenges. This study investigates the major problems faced by local communities, including Scheduled Tribes such as Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, and Irulas, in forest conservation initiatives. Using both primary data from field surveys and secondary data from forest department records, the research identifies human-wildlife conflict, restrictions on Non-Timber Forest Produce collection, inadequate alternative livelihoods, weak implementation of the Forest Rights Act 2006, and limited participation in Joint Forest Management as key constraints. External pressures such as tourism expansion, invasive species, and climate variability further intensify these challenges. The study reveals that while communities value forest conservation, exclusionary policies and lack of benefit-sharing mechanisms foster negative perceptions and reduce cooperation. Findings emphasize that traditional ecological knowledge remains underutilized despite its potential for sustainable management. The research concludes that inclusive, community-centric approaches are essential for long-term conservation success. Recommendations include strengthening FRA implementation, ensuring timely HWC compensation, promoting forest-based sustainable livelihoods, and integrating indigenous knowledge into management plans. The study contributes to bridging the gap between conservation goals and community well-being, offering policy insights for participatory forest governance in the Western Ghats and similar landscapes.

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Forest Conservation, Local Communities, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Forest Rights Act, Joint Forest Management, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Participatory Conservation, Livelihood Security.

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The paper reads Radhika Sachdev's memoir Second Go: First-hand Account of a Liver Transplant Recipient's Journey in India (2018) through Stacy Alaimo's concept of trans-corporeality to examine how the narrating body is represented as porous and materially entangled with medical technology, anonymous donor tissue, family, and the economic and legal apparatus of Indian transplant medicine, rather than as a bounded, autonomous self. Using close reading of excerpted chapters, the paper traces two related phenomena: survivor's guilt, which surfaces not through direct confession but through irony, fantasy, and collective gratitude; and othering, enacted upon the anonymous cadaver donor, the narrator's own diseased organ, and the transplanted subject more broadly through institutional and clinical language. The paper argues that existing trans-corporeal and medical-humanities scholarship on transplantation, grounded largely in Euro-American memoirs, has not engaged an Indian cadaveric-donation narrative, and that Second Go offers a text through which this vocabulary can be tested and extended.

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trans-corporeality; survivor's guilt; othering; organ transplantation; Indian life-writing

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This study examines the impact of visual merchandising on sales performance and customer buying behavior in the retail sector, with special reference to Ayodhya. Visual merchandising plays an important role in attracting customers and influencing their purchase decisions through elements such as store layout, lighting, window displays, and product arrangement. The study is based on primary data collected from 200 respondents using the convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire based on a Likert scale was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using Spearman's correlation method to examine the relationship between visual merchandising, sales performance, and customer buying behavior. The results indicate a strong and positive relationship between the variables, showing that effective visual merchandising significantly influences customers and improves sales performance. It was also observed that customers are more likely to purchase from stores that are visually attractive and well-organized. The study concludes that visual merchandising is a valuable tool for retailers to enhance customer experience and increase sales. It suggests that retailers in Ayodhya should focus on improving visual elements to attract more customers and achieve better business outcomes.

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Visual Merchandising, Sales Performance, Customer Buying Behavior, Convenience Sampling, Spearman Correlation

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Globalization has transformed the landscape of local businesses, presenting both challenges and opportunities. As markets expand beyond borders, local enterprises face increased competition from international players while also gaining access to a broader customer base. This paper explores the impact of globalization on local businesses; highlighting the strategies they can adopt to achieve competitive advantage. By leveraging unique local resources, embracing technology, and fostering innovation, local businesses can not only survive but thrive in an interconnected economy. The findings underscore the importance of adaptability and strategic planning in navigating the complexities of globalization.

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Globalization, Local Businesses, Competitive Advantage, Market Competition Business Strategy International Trade Innovation, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Market Expansion Sustainable Business Growth

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Transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia major; Nursing Intervention Package; combination therapy with oral iron chelators; Serum ferritin; Endocrine outcomes; Medication adherence; Randomized controlled trial.

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Education is a comprehensive process that aims to develop a person's personality and prepare them for the challenges of life, enabling them to contribute to the advancement of society. The need to conduct a study on the academic achievement of residential school students is driven by several significant factors. Residential schools provide a unique educational setting where students not only receive academic education but also live away from their families. The objectives were To find whether there is any significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school boys and girls and residential school students belonging to urban and rural locality. The population of present study included all the students' studying6th, 7th, 8th and 9th standards in residential schools of Mulabagal Taluk, Kolar District. The researcher selected a sample of 240 students by using a stratified random sampling technique over locality. T-test was the statistical technique used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that There is a significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school boys and girls." The residential school girls (M=77.113) had better achievement in academic than boys (M=68.655). There is no significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school students from urban and rural locality." It was concluded that the urban and rural residential school students had a similar type of achievement in academic.

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Academic Achievement, Variables, Residential schools

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Abstract Introduction: In Ayurveda, one of the most important concepts for personalised health care is Sharirik Prakriti, which defines a person's distinct constitution according to the dominance of the three basic biological entities, namely Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas.1,2,3 The science of Pramana Sharira provides a set of standardised anthropometric measures used to assess a person's body proportions and physical constitution.15 Anguli Pramana is one of the most useful anthropometric measures used in the science of Pramana Sharira and includes the measurement of body parts according to the width of a person's own finger (Swa-Anguli).2 Even though the classical Ayurvedic literature discusses extensively such concepts as Sharirik Prakriti and Anguli Pramana,1,2 the interrelation of these two concepts has been studied quite insufficiently. Objective: To study the classical literature of Ayurveda and scientific literature about the relationship between Anguli Pramana and Sharirik Prakriti, and its potential application in assessing personal constitution. Methodology: The narrative literature review was performed using the following classical works of Ayurveda: Charaka Samhita (1), Sushruta Samhita (2), Ashtanga Hridaya (3) and Kashyapa Samhita (5). Along with classical literature, relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific databases. Result: Proportional body measurements have been emphasised in classical Ayurvedic texts1 as essential factors in assessing normal constitution and well-being of an individual.1,2,3 Modern research has shown that anthropometric factors like body measures, limb measurements, body mass index, and skeletal measurements show considerable relationships with various Prakriti types.11-16 Anguli Pramana, being a personalised approach, has tremendous scope for studying the differences in constitutions. However, there is not much information available on the correlation between Anguli Pramana and Sharirik Prakriti. Conclusion: Anguli Pramana is a valuable anthropometric factor of Ayurveda which can be used for the evaluation of Prakriti.15,16 The combination of classical concepts with modern anthropometric techniques may improve constitutional assessment and practice of evidence-based Ayurveda. Further multicentric research is needed to correlate Anguli Pramana and various Sharirik Prakriti types.

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Ayurveda, Anguli Pramana, Pramana Sharira, Sharirik Prakriti, Anthropometry, Constitution, Personalised Medicine

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Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the most pressing global concerns of the twenty-first century. The development of environmental awareness and environmental ethics among students is essential for fostering responsible environmental behavior and sustainable development. The present study aimed to investigate the levels of environmental awareness and environmental ethics among secondary school students and examine the relationship between these variables. A sample of 200 secondary school students from Bangalore city was selected through stratified random sampling. The study employed the Environmental Awareness Scale (TEAS) developed by Dr. M. S. Talawar (2018) and the Environmental Ethics Scale (EES) developed by Dr. Haseen Taj (2001). Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation were used for data analysis. The findings revealed significant differences in environmental awareness and environmental ethics between male and female students. Female students demonstrated higher levels of environmental awareness and environmental ethics compared to male students. A significant positive correlation was found between environmental awareness and environmental ethics, indicating that students with higher environmental awareness tend to possess stronger environmental ethics. The study highlights the need to integrate environmental education and ethical values into the school curriculum to promote environmentally responsible behaviour among students.

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Environmental Awareness, Environmental Ethics, Secondary School Students, Environmental Education, Sustainable Development

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This paper presents an integrated microstructure-tribology-performance analysis of CrN/AlTiN/TiB? multilayer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) coatings deposited on WC-Co solid carbide end mills for dry machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Drawing on XRD, AFM and SEM characterization data alongside machining trial results reported in the companion papers of this series, this study systematically correlates coating microstructural parameters specifically nanocrystalline grain size (D = 3.5-4.8 nm by Scherrer analysis), surface roughness (Ra = 4.21 nm by AFM), and morphological features (compact Zone T microstructure by SEM) with the observed tribological behaviour and machining performance (111.1% tool life improvement). The dominant tribological phenomena are identified as: (i) anti-adhesion provided by the TiB? outermost layer suppressing built-up edge (BUE) formation; (ii) adaptive tribo-oxidation of AlTiN generating Al?O? protective oxides that function as in-situ solid lubricants; (iii) crack deflection at CrN/AlTiN layer interfaces inhibiting coating delamination under cyclic milling loads; and (iv) Hall-Petch hardening from the sub-5 nm nanocrystalline grain structure maintaining coating hardness under extreme contact conditions. A mechanistic wear model is proposed that links these four phenomena in a sequential, self-reinforcing protective cascade. The study demonstrates that the CrN/AlTiN/TiB? system achieves its exceptional performance not through any single property advantage, but through the synergistic interaction of all three functional layers a principle that should guide the design of next-generation multilayer coatings for difficult-to-machine material applications.

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tribology; wear mechanisms; CrN/AlTiN/TiB?; PVD coating; microstructure-property correlation; tribo-film; Hall-Petch; Ti-6Al-4V; dry milling; adaptive coating

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In an increasingly globalized world, migration has transformed the ways individuals understand identity, culture, and belonging. Diasporic literature reflects these experiences by portraying the emotional and cultural challenges faced by people living between two worlds. Amy Tan and Anita Rau Badami are among the most significant contemporary writers whose works explore the complexities of migration and the search for selfhood. While Amy Tan examines the lives of Chinese immigrants and their American-born daughters, Anita Rau Badami presents the experiences of Indian immigrants negotiating life in multicultural societies. Despite their distinct cultural backgrounds, both writers depict identity as a continuous process shaped by memory, family relationships, cultural traditions, and encounters with new social environments. This article offers a comparative study of selected works by Amy Tan and Anita Rau Badami to examine how their characters negotiate cultural differences while striving to define their own identities. Drawing on the theories of Stuart Hall, Homi K. Bhabha, Avtar Brah, and James Clifford, the study argues that selfhood in diasporic narratives is fluid rather than fixed. The protagonists often experience cultural conflict, feelings of displacement, and intergenerational tensions, yet these challenges become opportunities for personal growth and self-discovery. The analysis further highlights the important role of women in preserving cultural memory while simultaneously questioning traditional expectations and creating new forms of identity within multicultural settings. The article concludes that the fiction of Amy Tan and Anita Rau Badami presents identity not as a stable or predetermined condition but as an evolving journey shaped by migration, cultural interaction, and lived experience. Their narratives demonstrate that the search for belonging is both deeply personal and socially constructed, offering valuable insights into the realities of diaspora and multiculturalism in the contemporary world. By bringing together Chinese American and Indo-Canadian perspectives, this comparative study contributes to a broader understanding of identity formation in diasporic literature and emphasizes the enduring relevance of these writers in contemporary literary and cultural studies.

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Keywords: Diaspora, Selfhood, Identity, Multiculturalism, Cultural Hybridity, Migration, Belonging, Amy Tan, Anita Rau Badami.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various fields, including education. In Physical Education (PE), AI is introducing innovative teaching methods that enhance student engagement, performance tracking, and personalized learning. This paper explores the impact of AI on teaching methodologies in physical education, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects.

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Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Teaching Methods in Physical Education

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Transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia major, endocrine outcomes, medication adherence, oral iron chelation therapy, pediatric nursing.

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Multilayer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) hard coatings comprising chromium nitride (CrN), aluminium titanium nitride (AlTiN) and titanium diboride (TiB2) were deposited on WC-Co solid carbide end mills by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural, morphological and surface characteristics of the deposited coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed a predominantly nanocrystalline/amorphous structure with broad diffraction peaks corresponding to CrN (FCC), AlTiN, TiB2 and WC-Co substrate phases. The Scherrer equation was applied to estimate crystallite sizes of 4.8 nm, 4.1 nm, 3.5 nm and 4.2 nm for CrN (111), AlTiN (111), TiB2 (001) and CrN (220) reflections, respectively. AFM surface analysis over a 10 x 10 micron scan area yielded arithmetic average roughness Ra = 4.21 nm, root-mean-square roughness Rq = 5.34 nm and maximum roughness height Rmax = 25.6 nm, confirming an exceptionally smooth coating surface. SEM micrographs exhibited a compact, uniform granular morphology with closely packed growth nodules and minimal macroparticle defects, characteristic of high-quality magnetron-sputtered coatings. Machining trials on Ti-6Al-4V alloy demonstrated that the coated tool achieved a tool life of 69.82 minutes compared to 33.07 minutes for the uncoated tool, representing a 111.1% improvement. The correlation between the refined nanocrystalline microstructure, smooth surface topography and enhanced machining performance is systematically discussed. Results confirm that the CrN/AlTiN/TiB2 trilayer architecture offers synergistic structural and tribological benefits for high-performance machining of titanium alloys.

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CrN; AlTiN; TiB2; multilayer PVD coating; XRD; AFM; SEM; surface roughness; tool life; Ti-6Al-4V; DC magnetron sputtering; Scherer equation.

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Ti-6Al-4V machining; CrN/AlTiN/TiB? coating; tool life; flank wear; built-up edge; PVD; dry milling; surface roughness; WC-Co; adaptive tribo-film

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Kanchipuram, often referred to as the City of Thousand Temples, is a city in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, renowned for its rich cultural heritage and religious significance. The city is a significant pilgrimage site for followers of several religions, showcasing India's pluralistic religious fabric. Hinduism is the predominant religion in Kanchipuram, with the city being home to numerous temples that are architectural marvels and of great religious importance. Some of the most famous temples include the Kailasanathar Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, and the Varadharaja Perumal Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. These temples not only draw devotees from across India but are also significant historical sites, reflecting the Dravidian architectural style. During the Pallava dynasty, which flourished from the fourth to the ninth centuries CE in what is now Tamil Nadu, several religions were practiced and patronized. The Pallavas played a significant role in the development of South Indian religion, Art, and Architecture. In this paper, an attempt to reveal the significant Pilgrimage sites in Kanchipuram.

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Pilgrimage, Temples, Architecture, Kanchipuram.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder requiring long-term management with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that balance efficacy and tolerability. Lacosamide, a third-generation AED, has emerged as a valuable option in contemporary epilepsy therapy due to its unique mechanism of action and favorable safety profile. This review comprehensively explores lacosamide's mechanism of action, clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic optimization strategies. Lacosamide selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and modulates collapsing response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), stabilizing hyperexcitable neuronal membranes without affecting normal neuronal activity. Clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness in focal-onset seizures, both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy, with expanding evidence supporting use in generalized and refractory epilepsies. The drug exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, minimal drug-drug interactions, and predictable dose-response relationships, making it suitable for diverse patient populations. Common adverse effects include dizziness, headache, and nausea, generally mild and transient. Optimal use requires individualized dosing, careful titration, and consideration of comorbidities. Overall, lacosamide represents a significant advancement in epilepsy management, combining efficacy, safety, and pharmacological precision. Ongoing research into its broader clinical applications and long-term safety will continue to refine its therapeutic role in personalized epilepsy care.

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Lacosamide; Epilepsy; Voltage-gated sodium channels; CRMP-2; Antiepileptic drugs;

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Just as the eyes hold the highest position among all the human senses, symbols play an extremely significant role in art. Visual perception is a major basis of knowledge and understanding. Through symbols, the profound meanings and emotions embedded within a work of art are expressed. In Indian art, the development of symbolism can be traced from prehistoric rock paintings, primitive graphic signs, and ancient coins and seals. The Indian tradition of symbolism is not confined to any single or fixed principle; rather, it has continuously evolved in accordance with changing time, society, and culture. Animals and birds occupy a unique position in Indian culture, art, and religious traditions. They represent various aspects of human life, such as spirituality, the relationship between human beings and nature, and cultural values and symbols. This research paper examines their significance and symbolic importance. In Indian religious scriptures, animals and birds have been represented as the vehicles (vahana) of deities, as symbols, and as companions. In Indian art and literature, animals and birds have also been depicted with their historical and cultural significance. Thus, owing to their profound religious and symbolic importance, their influence has remained timeless and enduring throughout the ages.

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Spirituality, Timelessness, Signs, Symbols, Symbolism.

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Maternal infections during pregnancy remain a major public health concern due to their potential impact on fetal growth and development. TORCH infections--Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (including syphilis, varicella-zoster virus, and parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)--are vertically transmitted infections associated with congenital anomalies, preterm birth, stillbirth, and long-term developmental disabilities. These infections are frequently asymptomatic in pregnant women, leading to delayed diagnosis and missed opportunities for prevention. Preventive measures such as immunization, hygiene practices, safe food handling, and antenatal education are crucial in reducing transmission. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections during pregnancy among antenatal mothers and to determine its association with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 60 antenatal mothers attending a selected hospital in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Participants were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire validated by experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study findings showed that 50% of antenatal mothers had poor knowledge, 48.89% had average knowledge, and only 1.7% demonstrated good knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate knowledge among antenatal mothers regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Strengthening health education and counseling during routine antenatal visits is essential to improve maternal awareness and promote better maternal and fetal outcomes.

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TORCH infections, Antenatal mothers, Knowledge, Pregnancy, Prevention

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 Abstract

Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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