Volume 14 | Issue 8

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Bhartiya Gyan Parampara ev Samajik Nyay

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Bhartiya Gyan Parampara ev Samajik Nyay

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Keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, WHO guidelines, structured educational programme, nursing staff, knowledge, maternal health, continuing nursing education.

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Odisha is a linguistically diverse state having more than 60 tribal clans and numerous spoken languages in India, that indicates how important multilingual education (MLE) is to achieving the mission of the National Education Policy-2020. During the foundational years through mother tongue-based education, the policy emphasizes equity, inclusion, and all-round development. With the help of multilingual textbooks, teacher training, and community participation, in Odisha Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) initiative, which was started in 2006, offered early schooling in tribal languages like Santali, Kui, and Saura. These programs have protected indigenous cultural heritage, improved foundational literacy, and removed barriers to learning. However, still now certain issues are there like- inadequacy of qualified trained teachers, shortage of educational materials, opposition to mother tongue instruction, and trouble switching between Odia and English. Despite these challenges, the experience of Odisha shows that language variety may be an asset rather than a liability and that improving MLE is essential for sustainable, culturally sensitive, and equitable education that is in line with NEP-2020.

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Multilingual Education, NEP 2020, Mother Tongue-Based Instruction, Tribal Languages

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Plantar aponeurosis, an expansive connective tissue which is thickened Central part of deep fascia of sole that aids in stability of body and weight bearing during standing, walking and running, besides many other functions. Though the suffix 'itis' denotes inflammation, it serves as misnomer as current research indicates that local inflammation is not the primary cause of this condition. Plantar fasciitis is now recognized as a degenerative rather than inflammatory process, prompting many experts to prefer the term plantar fasciopathy or plantar heel pain. Although inflammation often implies the need for rest, anti-inflammatory treatments are generally ineffective and not recommended for this disorder. Hence this article is an attempt to understand Plantar fasciitis with the help of Ayurveda and substantiate that it is not merely an inflammatory condition rather revaluate it as degenerative condition by correlating it to Snayu gata Vata (dhatu kshayaja).

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Plantar Fascia, Fasciitis, Inflammation, Degeneration, Snayu gata Vata.

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Abstract The title talks about the industry and employment matching within the surrounding and engagement of local labours for industry job opportunities. Today industries are struggling to get skilled and employees for the industries in respective any organisation. Here it is the questionnaire arises why industries are not concentrating local employees and vise versa why local graduates are skilled personnel not working and searching the local employment. This was the major objective assigned to the researcher for the said research. The structured questionnaire was adopted for the study and the major industries various sectors were taken as sample. The two types of samples were adopted such as HR officials of industries and local people registered in employment office for job opportunities. The sample method is multi stage random sampling and the size of the industries were 48 and the job seekers are 220. This article presents only the status of industries and their perception on local employee engagement.

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Keywords: Industry workforce engagement, local employment, benefits & cost efficiency, cultural alignment, regulatory policies, and community engagement.

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BRICS+, cgq/kzqoh; fo'o O;oLFkk] nf{k.k lg;ksx] G-20A

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The retail industry is at a pivotal moment, increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainable practices to meet consumer demand and mitigate environmental impacts. This paper explores various sustainable strategies implemented in detail retailing, focusing on three key areas: supply chain management, product offerings, and consumer engagement. Firstly, sustainable supply chain management emphasizes sourcing materials responsibly, reducing waste, and enhancing energy efficiency. Retailers are adopting practices such as local sourcing and transparent supply chains to minimize carbon footprints and support ethical production. Secondly, product offerings are evolving to include eco-friendly and ethically produced goods. Retailers are incorporating sustainable materials, promoting circular economy principles, and encouraging consumers to make informed choices. Initiatives such as product take-back programs and eco-labeling play a crucial role in this transformation. Lastly, consumer engagement is vital for the success of sustainable practices. Retailers are fostering awareness through educational campaigns, loyalty programs that reward sustainable choices, and partnerships with environmental organizations. This engagement not only enhances brand loyalty but also empowers consumers to contribute to sustainability efforts. In conclusion, the integration of sustainable practices in detail retailing is not merely a trend but a necessary evolution in response to environmental challenges and consumer expectations. By adopting these practices, retailers can achieve competitive advantage while promoting a more sustainable future. This paper underscores the importance of collaborative efforts across the retail sector to drive meaningful change.

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Detail Retailing, Sustainable Retail Practices, Green Retail Management, Eco-friendly Store Operations, Sustainable Supply Chain, Energy Efficiency, Waste Management, Consumer Sustainability, Environmental Responsibility, Retail Business Sustainability

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Krishi aur Viksit Bharat at 2047

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Krishi aur Viksit Bharat at 2047

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Nayi Shiksha Niti (NEP 2020) - Ek Mulyankan

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Nayi Shiksha Niti (NEP 2020) - Ek Mulyankan

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Tropical cyclones remain one of the most devastating natural hazards affecting India, particularly the coastal regions along the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. In the context of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS), disaster management has historically emphasized harmony with nature, community preparedness, ethical governance, and collective responsibility. This paper re-examines cyclone forecasting and early warning systems in India through the lens of IKS and contemporary governance frameworks. The study analyses the institutional role of the India Meteorological Department in cyclone detection, tracking, and forecasting, along with the contribution of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services in storm surge and ocean-state advisories. It highlights the integration of advanced technologies such as geostationary satellites, Doppler Weather Radars, ocean buoys, and numerical weather prediction models with traditional community-based knowledge systems that have long guided coastal resilience in India. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the paper explores how indigenous principles such as dharma (duty), local stewardship, and participatory governance complement modern early warning dissemination networks coordinated by the National Disaster Management Authority. The study argues that integrating IKS with scientific forecasting enhances ethical decision-making, community trust, and sustainable disaster governance. It proposes a framework for embedding Indian knowledge traditions within contemporary cyclone risk reduction strategies to promote resilient and inclusive development.

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Tropical Cyclones, Indian Knowledge System, Early Warning Systems, Disaster Governance, Sustainable Development.

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Manipur is understood as an erstwhile independent kingdom which had been constantly waging war against different groups- intra-group, inter-group and outsiders. Thang-Ta played major role in defending the nation, its external and internal enemies. Nevertheless, with the passage of time and globalization, lifestyles, economy and polity changes fast. Modern gyms are frequently associated with urban lifestyle, social status, global fitness trends, influencer culture, consumer identity, associated with commercial infrastructure, machines, supplements, branded clothing, memberships and urban consumerism. Traditional martial arts like Thang-Ta evolved for survival, warfare, endurance, mobility, coordination and practical combat efficiency. Direct studies comparing Thang-Ta with "gym culture" or contemporary fitness practices are not yet available. The current study will focus on the significance of both 'thang-Ta' and Gym Culture, not to undermine any one of them.

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Thang-ta, Gym Culture, tradition, martial arts, physical fitness

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This paper examines the history of the Lambadis in Ceded Bellary through oral narratives, settlement memory, and ecological experience. It argues that Lambadi history cannot be reconstructed only through formal archival records because much of the community’s past survives in stories, songs, memories, migration narratives, ethnographic writings, and local knowledge. Using an ethno-historical and ethno- ecological approach, the paper explores how Lambadi elders remember migration, tanda formation, livelihood change, and the relationship between community life and environment over time. It shows that the Lambadi past in Bellary was shaped by mobility, pack-bullock trade, cattle, forest and grazing landscapes, and later by sedentarization, agriculture, and colonial restructuring. The paper argues that oral narratives are not merely supplementary sources but important archives of social memory that preserve how the Lambadis understood land, labour, ecology, and collective identity. By reading oral materials alongside district history, ethnographic accounts, and modern scholarship, the paper reconstructs the changing social life of the Lambadis and highlights how migration, ecology, and livelihood were deeply intertwined in their historical experience.

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Lambadi, Banjara, ethno-history, ethno-ecology, oral narratives, Ceded Bellary, migration, settlement

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Human skin is a complex ecological interface that supports diverse microbial communities while simultaneously restricting invasion by pathogens. Bacterial colonization is shaped by anatomical site, sebum, moisture, pH, temperature, oxygen availability, host immunity, age, genetics, environmental exposure, hygiene and antimicrobial use. Classical culture-based studies identified common skin residents such as Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics have revealed substantially greater taxonomic and functional diversity and highlighted strong site- and person-specific patterns. Colonization is not simply the presence of bacteria on the surface; organisms interact with keratinocytes, sebaceous glands, immune cells and other microbes, forming a dynamic system of competition, cooperation and metabolic exchange. Commensals can provide colonization resistance through nutrient competition, bacteriocins and other antimicrobial molecules, while some strains can become pathobionts when barrier function or microbial community structure is disturbed. Dysbiosis has been associated with acne, atopic dermatitis, wound infection and other inflammatory or infectious skin disorders. Importantly, strain-level variation may be more informative than species-level abundance for understanding disease, as demonstrated for Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Emerging strategies include narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, bacteriophages, live biotherapeutic products, prebiotics, postbiotics, microbial transplantation and personalized microbiome profiling. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial colonization, emphasizes mechanisms and ecological context, discusses methodological limitations, and identifies research priorities required to translate skin microbiome science into safe and effective clinical interventions.

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Skin microbiome; bacterial colonization; Cutibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; dysbiosis; metagenomics; microbiome therapeutics

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ABSTRACT Background: Dental hygiene is an important component of child health, and inadequate oral hygiene may contribute to dental caries and other oral health problems. School-based assessment of knowledge and practice can help identify areas for health education. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding dental hygiene among school-going children, determine the correlation between knowledge and practice, and examine their association with selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive design was used among 60 children studying in the 6th and 7th standards at Government Sardar Gopal Singh Middle School, Kishanganj, Bihar. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma, a 12-item self-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a 10-item practice checklist. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used; correlation between knowledge and practice was assessed using a correlation coefficient. Results: Among the 60 children, 48.3% had moderately adequate knowledge, 40.0% had adequate knowledge, and 11.7% had inadequate knowledge. Adequate dental hygiene practice was reported by 85.0%, while 15.0% had inadequate practice. Knowledge was not significantly correlated with practice (r = -0.102, p = 0.436). No significant association was found between knowledge level and age, gender, dietary pattern, residence, parental education, family income, or previous knowledge. Likewise, practice was not significantly associated with the selected demographic variables. Conclusion: Most children demonstrated adequate practice but only moderate knowledge. The absence of a significant relationship between knowledge and practice indicates the need for continuing, age-appropriate and school-based oral health education rather than relying on knowledge alone.

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Keywords: dental hygiene; school-going children; knowledge; practice; oral health; school health.

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This abstract presents an assessment of the current state of public sector accounting in India, analyzing the ongoing transition from a traditional cash-based system to modern accrual-based standards. The move towards adopting frameworks like the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) is a critical reform aimed at enhancing financial transparency, accountability, and governance. The paper evaluates the key drivers for this reform, including the need for more accurate and comprehensive financial reporting to improve public trust and enable better decision-making. Despite the clear benefits, the assessment identifies significant challenges to successful implementation. These obstacles include a general resistance to change, a scarcity of skilled accounting professionals with expertise in accrual-based systems, and the need for substantial investment in upgraded IT infrastructure. Additionally, the complex legal and regulatory environment presents a unique hurdle. The findings suggest that while initial progress has been made, a comprehensive and phased approach is required. To fully realize the benefits of modernized accounting, it is essential to focus on strategic capacity building, political commitment, and technological integration.

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Accounting,India, Public Sector Enterprises

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: In this paper, photo degradation of benzimidazole using benzophenone (methyl orange) as a fumigant, 2(-4) thiazolyl and luminescent in an acidic and neutral media is carried out. Photochemical reactions rely on the source of the reaction. For instance, 2-(-4 thiazole) benzimidazole (2 grams of powder) was dissolved in 200 milliliters of dried and distilled ethyl alcohol and 0.01 grams of fumigant under sunlight, ultraviolet light, and visible light. For around 40 to 50 hours, the solution combination was luminescent when exposed to 125-w and 250-w mercury vapor lamps. Every ten hours, the chromatography of the thin layer approach allowed for the regular observation of the reaction mixture's progress. Two fresh spots showed up on TLC plates after 41 and 55 hours. The final products have a variety of biological qualities, such as being used as a primary treatment for fungal diseases and stomach warm mold. They are also frequently used in anti-parasitic medications to treat roundworms, hookworms, and parasitic worms called Helminthes. Blood vessels are formed from an existing structure (angiogenesis) in vertebrates by genes that are important for the preservation of cell walls in yeast. These genes also function to prevent the creation of blood vessels in human cells and frog embryos. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to be a vascular-disrupting agent that lowers blood flow and promotes tumor development. This paper also presents the electronic image of 2(-4 Thiazoly) Benzimidazole which refers to a visual representation that shows how electrons are distributed within the molecule.

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Photo degradation-luminescence, Benzimidazole, Thiazolyl, Photochemical reactions, Photodynamic Therapy (PTD).

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Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by damage to the protective lining of the stomach or upper intestine and is associated with factors such as gastric acid, Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other contributing conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in gastrointestinal protection by supporting mucosal blood flow and tissue repair. Conventional oral dosage forms may have limitations including difficulty in swallowing, dependence on water, delayed relief, and reduced patient convenience. The present work focuses on NitroCure, a nitric oxide-generating mouth dissolving tablet (MDT) developed as a patient-friendly approach for peptic ulcer management. The formulation was designed to provide rapid tablet dispersion while maintaining satisfactory mechanical strength, palatability, and pharmaceutical quality. Croscarmellose sodium was incorporated to promote rapid disintegration, mannitol to improve taste and mouthfeel, PVP K-30 as a binder, and magnesium stearate and talc as processing aids, while citric acid supported rapid dispersion and palatability. The prepared tablets were evaluated for relevant pharmaceutical parameters, including flow properties, weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, and disintegration. The formulation demonstrated satisfactory flow properties, uniformity, adequate mechanical strength, and rapid dispersion. The reported friability was 0.76%, indicating good resistance to mechanical stress, while the wetting time was 36.5 seconds, demonstrating rapid water absorption and supporting quick tablet dispersion. Overall, NitroCure MDT showed desirable pharmaceutical characteristics and met the intended quality requirements. The developed formulation represents a promising patient-friendly platform for further investigation of nitric oxide-based approaches in peptic ulcer management. Further optimization, stability studies, and appropriate in-vitro and in-vivo investigations are required to establish its therapeutic potential.

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Peptic ulcer disease, Mouth dissolving tablets, Nitric oxide, Oral drug delivery system, Superdisintegrants, Gastric mucosal healing.

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Yoga, Middle-aged women, Housewives, Physiological health, Blood pressure, Resting heart rate, Respiratory rate, Body mass index, Quasi-experimental study.

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Poverty reduction and inclusive growth are two of the most important objectives of India's economic development strategy. Economic growth is essential for increasing national income, employment and productive capacity, but growth alone does not automatically ensure that the benefits of development reach all sections of society. Inclusive growth seeks to ensure that the opportunities and benefits generated by economic development are accessible to disadvantaged groups, rural populations, women, small farmers, informal workers, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other economically vulnerable communities. India has made considerable progress in reducing poverty over the past few decades through economic growth, employment generation, social protection, financial inclusion, rural development, improved access to basic services and targeted welfare programmes. Recent evidence indicates a substantial reduction in poverty. The World Bank's updated analysis reports that the proportion of India's population living below the lower-middle-income poverty line of $4.20 per person per day declined from 57.7 percent in 2011-12 to 23.9 percent in 2022-23. Extreme poverty, measured using the updated international line of $3 per person per day, declined from 27.1 percent to 5.3 percent over the same period. NITI Aayog has also reported a significant decline in multidimensional poverty, with the estimated proportion falling from 29.17 percent in 2013-14 to 11.28 percent in 2022-23, implying that 24.82 crore people moved out of multidimensional poverty during the nine-year period. Despite this progress, India continues to face challenges relating to inequality, quality employment, regional disparities, rural vulnerability, gender gaps, informal employment, human capital and access to quality public services. This article examines the relationship between poverty reduction and inclusive growth in India and argues that sustainable poverty reduction requires not only faster economic growth but also employment-intensive development, human capital investment, social protection, financial inclusion, women's economic participation and balanced regional development.

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Poverty, Inclusive Growth, Economic Development, Employment, Inequality, Social Protection, Financial Inclusion, Rural Development, India

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