Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 created a statutory redressal architecture of Internal Committees and Local Committees intended to give every working woman in India an accessible forum for complaint and relief. More than a decade after its enactment, however, the effectiveness of this architecture depends on a precondition that is too often assumed rather than examined: that women workers actually know the mechanism exists, understand how to invoke it, and can physically and socially reach it. This paper examines the awareness and accessibility of POSH redressal mechanisms among women workers in Bihar, a state whose workforce is overwhelmingly informal, rural, and dispersed across small and unorganised establishments that fall outside the easy reach of statutory compliance monitoring. Drawing on the statutory text, appellate jurisprudence, national survey data, and state-level labour and gender statistics, the paper argues that Bihar's awareness deficit is not merely informational but structural, rooted in the mismatch between a workplace-centred statute and a labour market in which most women work outside recognisable 'workplaces' altogether. It concludes with institutional recommendations for closing this gap.

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POSH Act, Internal Committee, Local Committee, sexual harassment, women workers, Bihar, informal sector, access to justice.

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Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis.

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water scarcity

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This study constructs and tests hybrid neural-statistical models based on deep learning models and GARCH-family models to model asymmetric business cycle dynamics models on fat-tailed distributional assumptions. Having performed large Monte Carlo experiments that produce synthetic business cycle data with different levels of asymmetry, volatility clustering and heavy-tailed innovations. Our hybrid models involving Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with GJR-GARCH and EGARCH specifications are compared to pure statistical and pure neural work in several performance measures. Findings indicate that hybrid structures have better forecasting and volatility prediction abilities especially when the regime is changing and in tail events. In conditions with asymmetric parameters greater than 0.15, mean absolute percentage error is minimized by 23-31% in comparison to standalone models. Determining that hybrid methods are best performed when neural components are used to learn nonlinear conditional mean dynamics, and GARCH specifications are used to learn heteroskedastic variance dynamics. Finding the implications of our results on business cycle analysis, macroeconomic forecasting and risk management in asymmetric shock and extreme event dominated environments.

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Business cycles, neural networks, GARCH models, asymmetry, fat tails, hybrid modeling, Monte Carlo simulation

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The Gir region, situated in Gujarat, India, is well-known for its diverse ecosystems, particularly as the final sanctuary of the Asiatic lion. Nevertheless, the region is encountering difficulties due to climate change and the growing number of tourists. This study seeks to explore the geographical impacts of climate change on the Gir region and examine the role of tourism in exacerbating these effects. By conducting extensive fieldwork, analyzing data, and thoroughly reviewing existing literature, this research uncovers significant environmental changes, evaluates the vulnerability of the region's biodiversity, and assesses the sustainability of current tourism practices. The findings underscore the importance of implementing comprehensive management strategies that consider the preservation of the environment and the socioeconomic advantages of tourism. This paper explores the relationship between climate change and tourism in Gujarat's Gir region, known as the habitat of Asiatic lions' last remaining wild population. The study delves into the intricate relationship between climate patterns, the local ecosystem, wildlife, and tourism. It aims to understand the effects of shifting climate patterns on these interconnected elements and the subsequent implications for tourism. In addition, it delves into how the rise in tourism impacts the environment in the region.

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 Keywords

Gir Region, Climate Change, Tourism Impact, Biodiversity Conservation, Sustainable Tourism, Asiatic Lion Habitat, Environmental Degradation, Ecosystem Management, Geographical Analysis, Conservation Strategies, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Sustainable Development

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Many dialects of Arabic apply affrication to their velar stops. This phenomenon has been the focus of substantial research for over a century now. The focus of this paper is to examine the optional, selective affrication in Qassimi Arabic and attempt to account for the factors that seem to be involved in enabling or preventing the process. Although there has not been research, particularly on affrication in Qassimi Arabic, there is a substantial body of literature on affrication in various Arabic dialects, which is relevant after all. The literature indicates some factors that are examined in the current paper to see their applicability in Qassimi Arabic. I also develop an Optimality-theoretic analysis for this phenomenon to attempt to capture the variation in a principled fashion. While developing the analysis, some unpredicted facts are observed and taken into account. Finally, the analysis introduced in this paper intersects with other phenomena like co-articulation and emphatic spread.

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Phonology, Qassimi Arabic, affrication

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains an important gastrointestinal disorder that is characterised by ulcers in the stomach or duodenum that extend into the mucosa and the underlying layers. The previous few decades have seen a significant shift in the etiology. While H. pylori infection was historically the leading cause, regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like aspirin and other anti- platelets have been recognised predominant cause of PUD in current therapeutic practice. The treatments primarily focus on eradication of H. pylori and reducing the gastric acid secretion with proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonist and using mucosal protective agents like misoprostol particularly for NSAIDs induced ulcers. Traditional oral medication administration often shows limited therapeutic efficacy due to rapid gastric emptying and short residence time, resulting lower concentration at target site. Floating tablets as gastroretentive system has emerged as promising approach of enhancing gastric retention thus improving bioavailability. The tablets are designed to stay afloat in the stomach juice for extended periods, providing delayed release of medication and prolonged therapeutic action directly at the site of ulceration. The various formulation approaches involved in floating tablets are effervescent and non-effervescent systems, by employing different polymers like HPMC, ethyl cellulose, Carbopol desired buoyancy and prolong drug release can be achieved. This formulation approaches offers a number of benefits, including enhanced patient compliance, reduce systemic side effects and enhanced protection of gastric mucosa through sustain local action.

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Floating Tablets, NSAIDs, Gastric Retention, Sustained Release, HPMC Polymers.

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India, a country of rich culture, tradition, and brotherhood, stands as a shining example of unity in diversity on the global stage. The historical India was filled with strong religious beliefs and complex social structures. The caste system played a cruel and crucial role in differentiating and segregating the society based on the work they do. This system made the so called marginalized community to be under the clutches of the so called upper class people. The history of India witnessed immense violence and atrocities against Scheduled Caste people, with discrimination spanning from their clothing to the food they consumed, forcing them into unequal treatment compared to upper-caste communities. Furthermore, they were forced into generational servitude, working as unpaid laborers in the houses of upper castes. They were prone to humiliation by the society from the history to till date. However, it is believed that the Dalit's humiliation in India is no more in the society because of the constitution of India that guarantees different fundamental freedoms but in reality new methods continued to humiliate Dalit's through various social media platforms. This article explores the reality of how caste hatred is being fostered by digital and social media, as well as the regulations that are in place to safeguard Dalit's.

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Caste system, Social media, Constitution, Violence, Marginalized community.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cosmetovigilance is a rapidly expanding area of research under pharmacovigilance in India. This study analyses the cosmetic consumption practices and associated adverse drug reactions reported by particulars. According to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA), cosmetics are defined as 'article for beautification, cleansing or altering physical appearance' (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018). The consumption of personal care products (PCP) has been rising for quite a while in passing decades which something has to do with physical appearance in the community globally which directly gave rise to emergent of cosmetic industries. Their continuous exposure could lead to significant accumulation in the body and for several adverse health outcomes which can appear as redness, scales and blisters, marking to no visible changes whereas major manifestation can range up to loss of hair, fragile nails and contact dermatitis. Data suggest hair dye is one of the leading causes for contact dermatitis in India. Counterfeit cosmetics is fraudulent or imitation beauty products that are designed to mimic genuine and reputable brands. These counterfeit products are often produced and distributed without the authorization or approval of either original brand or regulatory bodies. Impurities such as high level of heavy metals (lead, cobalt cadmium, mercury and aluminums) are reported in many cosmetics products (lipstick, lip glosses, eye shadow and hair dye) while they pose peculiar health threats like hand dermatitis, asthma and infertility, which is common among hair and saloon technicians.

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Cosmetovigilance, Contact dermatitis, Heavy metals, Pharmacovigilance, Adverse drug reaction, high risk products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre is one of the important novels of Victorian English literature. The novel presents the life of Jane ; an orphan girl who faces many difficulties from childhood but never gives up her self respect and personal values. Love is an important part of Jane's life especially her relationship with Rochester. She became governess in Rochester's house. Their relationship became an important part of her life. However their relationship is not only based on emotions. It also involves sacrifice, patience and personal independence. This paper studies the relationship between love and scarifies in Jane Eyre and examines how Jane's experience help her grow from unhappy young girl into a confident and independent woman.

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Feminism, Women's Independence, Inequality.

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This research paper presents an introductory study of Pandit Veda Suri’s Sangita Makaranda, its historical context, manuscripts, and particularly the significance of its Nrityadhyaya (chapter on dance). It focuses on establishing its independent identity from Narada’s Sangita Makaranda, the Pushpanjali section, and the importance of the text in relation to dance. Based on the study of two complete available manuscripts, an attempt has been made to understand the text and its contents. The objective of this study is to highlight the significance of Sangita Makaranda in the Indian dance tradition, particularly in the context of Kathak, and to provide a foundation for a detailed study of its Nrityadhyaya.

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Sangita Makaranda; Veda Suri; Nrityadhyaya; Pushpanjali; Manuscript; Dhrupad; Namavali; Shatpadi; Tatkaar: Kathak.

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 Abstract

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Children are influenced by their experiences. The present study explores the role of hands-on experiences and creative activities in the holistic development and overall well-being of children. Activities like storytelling, role play, art and craft, group games, and practical life tasks provide opportunities to children to express themselves, collaborate with peers, and develop holistically. Such practices help in nurturing Emotional Intelligence and build confidence. These learning experiences encourage imagination, discipline, teamwork, and respect for others. Implementing such experiential methods in educational environments contribute significantly to inclusive and participatory learning. The present study emphasizes the need of integrating creative and skill-based learning opportunities in the Education system so that children are prepared to face the challenges of life.

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Experiential Learning, Creativity, Holistic development

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This study investigates the impact of Circuit Training on key physical fitness components among basketball players in the Jammu Region. The research involves an experimental group of twenty college-level students, aged 18 to 25 years, who undergo a 12-week Circuit Training program. The selected variables for testing the hypothesis include Explosive Strength, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility, and Neuromuscular Coordination. A paired t-test is used for data analysis, with the level of significance set at 0.05. Measurements of these variables are taken before and after the training period to assess the effects of Circuit Training. The results reveal significant improvements in Explosive Strength, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility, and Neuromuscular Coordination among the basketball players.

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Circuit Training, Basketball, Physical Fitness

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Migraine is a common neurological disorder that significantly affects quality of life. Sumatriptan succinate a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist, is widely used for the acute treatment of migraine; however, its oral administration is limited by low bioavailability and extensive first-pass metabolism. Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising alternative due to their ability to enhance drug absorption, bypass hepatic metabolism, and improve therapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the role of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems as a promising platform for the administration of sumatriptan succinate. Emphasis is placed on the formulation and evaluation of buccal films, immediate- and sustained-release delivery approaches, drug loading considerations, and their therapeutic implications in migraine management. In addition, current advancements, existing challenges, and future prospects in buccal delivery of sumatriptan succinate are discussed.

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Sumatriptan Succinate, Migraine, Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System, Buccal Film, Immediate Release, Sustained Release

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This paper examines how the Bengali poet and Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore was influenced by nature. He thought that all living things, including human beings, trees, rivers, and animals, share a single life force that he referred to as Jivan Devata, or the "Lord of Life." This concept was not merely an idea in his poetry; he really put it into reality. He constructed a school at Santiniketan where students learned amid trees rather than in enclosed classrooms. He initiated a rural development initiative at Sriniketan with the goal of improving the lives of the inhabitants as well as the land. His poetry, articles, and stories depict rivers, forests, and seasons as living presences rather than plain scenery. This paper investigates Tagore's views on nature, his educational and rural endeavours, and his creative work. It then relates his theories to contemporary environmental concepts like deep ecology and ecofeminism. The study contends that Tagore's vision, based on love, care, and everyday practice, still provides valuable insights for how we think about nature and sustainability today.

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environmental consciousness, nature philosophy, ecocriticism, deep ecology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital financial services have emerged as an important mechanism for improving financial inclusion among rural households by providing convenient access to payments, savings, credit and other formal financial services. The present study examines the role of digital financial services in enhancing financial inclusion among rural households in Tamil Nadu. The study is based on primary data collected from 115 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The study examines awareness, accessibility, usage, perceived benefits, digital financial literacy, trust and security, barriers, financial inclusion and future intention. Frequency and percentage analysis, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed. The findings indicate that UPI/QR Code payments and ATM/debit cards are the most widely used services. DFS usage is positively associated with financial inclusion, while digital literacy deficiencies, poor network connectivity, fear of online fraud, lack of trust and technical problems negatively influence financial inclusion. The study recommends strengthening digital literacy, rural connectivity, security awareness and customer support to promote inclusive digital financial participation.

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Digital Financial Services, Financial Inclusion, Rural Households, Digital Payments, UPI, Digital Financial Literacy, Tamil Nadu, Rural Banking, Financial Accessibility, Digital Inclusion.

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Abstract:- Education is a cornerstone of sustainable development and a fundamental human right recognized under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In India, the concept of One Nation, One Education has emerged as a policy discourse advocating the establishment of common educational standards to reduce disparities in access, quality, and learning outcomes across states and regions. This study examines the potential of a unified educational framework to advance Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. The paper argues that while educational standardization can strengthen national learning benchmarks, improve teacher quality, facilitate equitable resource distribution, and enhance accountability, its implementation must remain sensitive to India's linguistic, cultural, and socio-economic diversity. Adopting a qualitative and analytical approach, the study synthesizes policy documents, including the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, SDG 4 targets and indicators, government reports, and relevant scholarly literature to evaluate the opportunities and challenges associated with a unified education system. The analysis highlights that achieving SDG 4 requires more than curriculum harmonization; it demands robust institutional governance, cooperative federalism, digital inclusion, equitable financing, teacher capacity building, and mechanisms that address regional disparities in educational infrastructure and learning opportunities. Furthermore, the integration of educational technologies and digital public infrastructure can enhance access to quality learning, particularly for underserved and marginalized communities. The study concludes that One Nation, One Education should be understood as a framework for establishing common national quality standards while preserving contextual flexibility for states and local communities. Such a balanced approach can strengthen educational equity, improve learning outcomes, and contribute significantly to India's progress toward achieving SDG 4. The paper offers policy insights for designing an education system that is equitable, inclusive, resilient, and aligned with national development priorities and the global sustainable development agenda.

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Keywords: One Nation, One Education; Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4); Educational Equity; National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020); Educational Governance.

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This study examines consumer perception of Goodnight Liquid Mosquito Repellent, a leading product by Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. Primary data were collected through a structured survey, analysing consumer views on effectiveness, safety, price, fragrance, and packaging, and comparing Goodnight with other competitor brands. The findings offer valuable insights into consumer satisfaction, brand loyalty, and market competitiveness, enabling the refinement of product features and marketing strategies for improved brand positioning.

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Consumer Perception, Mosquito Repellent, Goodnight, Consumer Satisfaction, Brand Preference, Product Effectiveness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is one of the small savings schemes introduced by the government to encourage parents to save long-term to meet their daughters' educational and marriage expenses. Previous studies have identified beneficiaries' awareness as one of the major factors that determine a scheme's success, but they do not specify criteria for measuring awareness of the scheme. So, the study focused on exploring the factors that represent beneficiaries' awareness of the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana scheme. To explore the factors, the researcher collected data from 591 beneficiaries of Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana by using a well-structured questionnaire. Here the researcher used Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis to explore the factors. Based on the factor analysis, the study identified five factors: Account Opening Procedure, Scheme Orientation, Maturity Benefit, Tax Benefits, and Convenience.

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KEY WORDS: Account Opening Procedure, Maturity Benefit, Scheme Orientation, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana and Tax Benefits.

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A High Gain Single Switched Quadratic Boost converter architecture is presented for low-voltage renewable and portable energy systems requiring efficient voltage amplification, reduced semiconductor stress, and compact passive components. The proposed topology combines an active switchedinductor network with a multi-stage charge-pump mechanism to achieve substantial voltage boosting without the need for extreme duty ratios. The coordinated energy transfer between inductors and capacitors enables improved conversion efficiency, reduced conduction losses, and enhanced voltage gain. Volt- second balance formulation and capacitor charge analysis provide closed-form expressions for voltage gain, device stresses, and component sizing. The performance of the converter is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, confirming the analytical predictions. Owing to its high step-up capability and improved efficiency, the proposed design is well-suited for renewable interfaces, electric mobility subsystems, and distributed DC microgrid applications. Results are obtained by simulating the converter in MATLAB/Simulink R2024a. The simulation results show that the proposed high-gain converter delivers high voltage gain with reduced voltage stress across the switching devices and achieves a maximum operating efficiency of 76%. A hardware with an input voltage of 5V is implemented using the TMS320F28335 microcontroller where output voltage of 22.8V is achieved, corresponding to a voltage gain of 4.54. Additionally, a secondary output voltage of 15.8V is obtained under the same input conditions, corresponding to a voltage gain of 3.17, thereby experimentally validating the multi-output capability of the proposed converter.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gain,Efficiency,Simulation,Hardware Results

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition