Volume 14 | Issue 8

 Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine gender differences in youth problems among adolescents in Parbhani, Maharashtra. A total of 200 adolescents were selected through random sampling from the population of Parbhani, Maharashtra. The sample consisted of 100 male adolescents and 100 female adolescents. Efforts were made to obtain a representative sample with respect to area of residence and educational background, while participants were selected from a broadly similar socioeconomic background. Youth problems were assessed using the Youth Problem Inventory developed by Dr. (Mrs.) M. Verma. The mean score obtained by male adolescents was 67.56 with a standard deviation of 8.72, whereas female adolescents obtained a mean score of 58.29 with a standard deviation of 7.63. An independent-samples t test was used to examine the difference between the two groups. The obtained t value was 8.00 with 198 degrees of freedom, which was statistically significant at the .001 level. The findings indicate that male adolescents reported significantly higher levels of youth problems than female adolescents. The findings are consistent with previous Indian research reporting significant gender differences in adolescent problems and emphasizing the importance of gender-sensitive approaches to understanding and addressing youth concerns. The study highlights the need for systematic identification, counselling, and preventive interventions for adolescents experiencing family, educational, social, and personal difficulties.

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Youth Problems, Adolescents, Gender Differences.

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Algebraic structures play a very outstanding role in mathematics. Iseki introduced the concept of quasi ideal for a semirings. The quasi ideals in ternary semirings are a generalization of left and right ideals. Bi-ideals are generalization of quasi ideals. In 2017, Marapureddy Murali Krishna Rao introduced bi-quasi ideals in semirings. With this connection, here we are introducing some properties of bi-quasi ideals in ternary semirings.We proved that every left(right) ideal of ternary semiring is bi-quasi ideal, every quasi ideal of ternary semiring is bi-quasi ideal and every bi-ideal of ternary semiring is a bi-quasi ideal.

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Ternary semiring, ideal,bi-ideal,bi-quasi ideal

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It is an irony that Salt is an integral part of homoeopathic therapeutics as the contribution of salt is huge in the preparation of homoeopathic medicines. Numbers of medicines are prepared from the salt in homoeopathy as per the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeias of various nations. 'Natrum Mur' is a leading drug in Homoeopathy & that is Sodium Chloride. On the other hand, there are also a numbers of medicines to treat conditions arising from excessive intake of salt. The current article discusses the intake of excess salt & its consequences in the human body. Thereafter, it delves in to the epidemiology of the consequences of consuming extra salt, its clinical repercussions and management of these issues & finally the application of homoeopathy to deal with this issue. It concludes with the cost effectiveness & therapeutic effectiveness of the homoeopathic system of medicine & suggests its involvement on a large scale in the nation. It only reinforces the age old concept of managing these chronic conditions through diet, regimen, exercise & homoeopathy. The suggestion of large scale use of homoeopathy is based on the premise of the modalities of essential medicines. The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) envisages that a medicine can be called essential only if it is cost effective, clinically effective & has no side effects. Homoeopathy fits into this triad fully. The article also suggests a treatment protocol based on the typical clinical features of excessive salt consumption & aspires that the public benefits from the protocol at large.

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Hypertension, Stroke, Homoeopathy, Miasms, TIA

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: Steel is still the reinforcement of choice in most concrete work, mainly because it is strong and behaves predictably, but rising steel prices and ongoing corrosion problems have pushed researchers to look elsewhere. This study looks at jute, a cheap, renewable fibre that is widely available in India, as a way to cut down on steel use without giving up too much performance. Jute Fibre Reinforced Concrete (JFRC) was prepared with fibre contents of 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% by weight, and cube specimens were tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7, 14 and 28 days to find the fibre content that works best. Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer (JFRP) bars, made from treated jute fibre, binding wire and an epoxy resin coating, were then cast into beam specimens as a partial substitute for conventional steel bars, and their flexural behaviour was compared against beams reinforced entirely with steel. Across every age tested, 0.50% jute fibre gave the best compressive and split tensile results, with the 28-day compressive strength going up by close to 19% over the plain concrete control, while 0.75% fibre content actually performed worse than the control, most likely because the fibres were not dispersing properly at that dosage. Beams cast with 0.50% jute fibre concrete and 50% steel + 50% JFRP bar reinforcement reached a flexural strength of 17.83 MPa, recovering most of the capacity lost when half the steel was swapped out for jute bars. Overall, the results suggest that jute fibre reinforced concrete combined with JFRP bars is a workable, low-cost way to reduce dependence on steel in reinforced concrete members, though the trade-off in stiffness and long-term durability still needs closer study before it can be used in structural applications.

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- Jute fibre, JFRP bars, natural fibre reinforced concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, sustainable construction.

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Inclusive education in India is frequently addressed through policy directives, yet there is limited empirical research on pedagogical practices that facilitate inclusion in everyday classroom settings (Rakshit & Yadav, 2025). This study examines inclusive pedagogical practices in special education classrooms through the lens of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). Utilizing a qualitative research method, the research focuses on three classrooms and six teachers within a special education context in Vadodara, Gujarat. The classrooms and teachers were selected through purposive sampling according to criteria such as experience in special education and familiarity with inclusive teaching practices, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of how these methods are applied. Data from classroom interaction transcripts and teacher narratives were subjected to thematic analysis, which entailed coding, pattern identification, and theme development to capture the core aspects of inclusive pedagogy. The analysis shows that inclusive pedagogy is enacted through individualized instruction, experiential and multi-sensory learning, relational care, peer-supported interaction, and adaptable assessment strategies. These methods emphasize learner readiness, participation, and emotional well-being over standardized academic outcomes. When interpreted through the IKS framework, the findings align substantially with indigenous pedagogical principles, such as learner readiness (adhik?ra), experiential learning (anubhava and abhy?sa), and ethical commitment in the teacher-learner relationship. This study delivers empirical evidence to the discussion of inclusive education by demonstrating how Indian Knowledge Systems can inform a culturally rooted, practice-oriented model of inclusive pedagogy.

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Inclusive pedagogy, Indian Knowledge Systems, Special education, Classroom practices, NEP 2020

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Security Operations Centers (SOCs) today face an overwhelming number of security alerts due to the rapid growth of cyber threats and widespread use of monitoring tools. While these alerts play a crucial role in identifying potential attacks, many of them turn out to be false positives or low-risk events. This often leads to alert fatigue, making it difficult for analysts to focus on real threats and respond efficiently. To address this issue, this project proposes an AI/ML-based alert prioritization system that intelligently filters and ranks security alerts from multiple sources such as SIEM systems, intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and endpoint security tools. The system processes alerts through stages like preprocessing, feature extraction, and supervised machine learning classification to identify high-risk incidents. A centralized dashboard displays prioritized alerts along with risk scores, helping analysts make faster and better decisions. By reducing unnecessary alert noise and improving visibility, the system enhances SOC performance, minimizes response time, and supports proactive threat detection in a secure and controlled environment.

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Security Operations Center, Alert Prioritization, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, SIEM, Cybersecurity Automation.

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Airborne contaminants and global warming are both of the leading severe and interrelated environmental issues impacting people worldwide in the 21st century. Together, these factors have a significant effect on healthy ecosystems, ecological sustainability, human well-being, and especially impact on vulnerable communities in developed as well as developing nations. Human-caused processes such as burning of fossil fuels, industrial development, urbanization, transport and agricultural methods have resulted in a substantial rise in atmospheric levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and black carbon. Around a comparable time, climate change influences weather trends due to higher temperatures, different patterns of rainfall, enhanced atmospheric equilibrium, burning forests, and severe thunderstorms, all of which affect the production, transportation and scattering of harmful substances, and the human inhalation of these substances. This article critically examines the connections among air pollution, global warming, human contact, health effects, and government policies. It covers the main sources of atmospheric pollutants, routes of exposure, biological systems, and the effects of air pollutants on pulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous system, metabolism, reproduction, and psychological health, cancer, and premature death. It also assesses the effect of airborne pollutants on DALYs, YLL and shortfalls in life cycle, along with health disparities in various regions and socioeconomic categories. This article also discusses how global warming can worsen airborne pollutants episodes due to enhanced photochemical ozone synthesis, wildfire emission levels, urban heat island phenomenon, and changes in airflow. The success rate, difficulties with implementation, and potential outcomes of various national and international policy proposals, such as the World Health Organization's (WHO) air quality standards, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Agreement, as well as India's National Clean Air Program (NCAP) were assessed critically. Technological advances including satellite-based remote sensing; cost-effective network sensors, AI, machine learning, and high-level precision health care are introduced as revolutionary instruments for risk assessment and ecological governance. Strengthening multidisciplinary studies, expanding long-term exposure observation, improving surveillance frameworks, and implementing scientifically supported environmental regulations are critical to reducing disease burdens and building adaptability to global warming. A coordinated worldwide approach of atmospheric science, epidemiological research, public health and environmental policies will be required to achieve sustainable progress and protect subsequent generations.

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Keywords: Air pollution, Climate change, Human health burden, particulate matter, Air quality management, Sustainable development, Human health policies

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Keywords - Lithium-Ion Battery, State of Health (SOH), Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Attention-BiLSTM, CNN-LSTM, GRU, Deep Learning, Internet of Things (IoT), Battery Management System (BMS), Predictive Maintenance.

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Densities, viscosities of some substituted heterocyclic compounds in 1, 4 dioxane were measured in the temperature range 303.15K to 323.15K. The viscosity was determined by John-Dole equation. The data has been used to calculate Gibb's free energy change (?G), entropy change (?S), and enthalpy change (?H). ?G and ?H are negative and ?S is positive which is indicate the spontaneity of reaction according to thermodynamics.

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Substituted heterocyclic compound, Viscosity, Thermodynamic parameters.

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Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a promising strategy for transdermal drug delivery by combining the advantages of hypodermic injections and conventional transdermal systems. MNs are minimally invasive, painless, and capable of enhancing the delivery of small molecules, peptides, proteins, vaccines, and biologics through the skin barrier. This review summarizes skin anatomy relevant to MN-mediated delivery, types of microneedles, fabrication techniques, evaluation parameters, clinical applications, regulatory considerations, and recent advancements in smart and responsive systems. Conventional fabrication methods such as micromolding, photolithography, and laser ablation, along with modern approaches including 3D printing and femtosecond laser micromachining, are discussed. Current challenges involving drug loading, manufacturing scalability, formulation stability, and regulatory approval are also highlighted. Future developments in nanotechnology, biodegradable polymers, biosensors, and artificial intelligence are expected to improve the clinical translation and commercialization of MN-based systems. Overall, microneedles represent a patient-friendly and efficient platform for next-generation transdermal drug delivery and personalized medicine.

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Microneedles, Transdermal Drug Delivery, Skin Anatomy, Drug Delivery Systems, Dissolving Microneedles, 3D Printing, Biosensors

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 Abstract

Bahuvishayak Shiksha Ke Sandarbh Mein 64 Kalaon Ka Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Bahuvishayak Shiksha Ke Sandarbh Mein 64 Kalaon Ka Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Precision agriculture is moving from isolated sensing and threshold-based automation toward integrated platforms that jointly interpret soil condition, irrigation-water quality, weather variability, crop response, and disease pressure. This paper presents a structured integrative review and an implementable framework for a Plant and Ground Monitoring System (PGMS) that combines calibrated field sensing, edge intelligence, cloud analytics, remote sensing, machine-learning inference, and a multilingual web dashboard. The review synthesizes evidence on soil nutrient monitoring, crop and fertilizer recommendation, evapotranspiration-informed irrigation, image-based plant disease diagnosis, and edge-cloud deployment. The resulting architecture uses an ESP32-S3 field node to acquire soil moisture, soil pH/electrical conductivity/nutrients, irrigation-water pH/electrical conductivity, atmospheric measurements, and leaf imagery; local rules provide safe operation during connectivity loss, while cloud services perform time-series analysis and decision fusion. Reported literature demonstrates approximately 97% crop-classification accuracy in one hybrid MLP-LSTM study, soil-parameter deviations below 13.26% against laboratory measurements, and water savings reported up to 70% in reviewed smart-irrigation deployments. These outcomes are not treated as results of the proposed prototype; instead, they define evidence-based performance targets and a staged validation protocol. The review identifies interoperability, field robustness, calibration drift, uncertainty communication, and secure deployment as the principal barriers to practical adoption. PGMS addresses these gaps through multimodal fusion, confidence-aware recommendations, offline control, and traceable human override.

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Climate-smart agriculture, edge computing, Internet of Things, irrigation scheduling, plant disease detection, precision agriculture, soil fertility.

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The fig-fig wasp interaction represents one of the most fascinating examples of co-evolution and ecological specialization in nature, where fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating wasps (Family: Agonidae) maintain a highly specific and mutualistic relationship. The study investigates the ecological interactions between fig trees and their associated faunal diversity, with special emphasis on fig- fig wasp relationships among four Ficus species: Ficus racemosa, F. benghalensis, F. religiosa, and F. benjamina. Field observations and laboratory analysis were conducted over a period of three-months in and around Jnanasiri campus, Tumkur University. Different developmental phases (A-E) of syconia were dissected and examined to document floral morphology, wasp developmental stages, and faunal associations. A total of 35 faunal species of invertebrates and vertebrates were recorded to be interacting with Ficus trees, highlighting its role as ecological hubs and keystone species. Hymenopterans (fig wasps) constituted the most diverse group, comprising pollinating fig wasps (PFWs) and non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) exhibiting parasitic, gall-inducing, inquiline, and parasitoids behaviours. Species specific pollination mutualisms were confirmed, by Ceratosolen fusciceps with F. racemosa and Eupristina masoni with F. benghalensis. The study emphasized on fig- fig wasp systems as intricate micro-ecosystems governed by highly specialized and co-evolved interactions, while simultaneously supporting various faunal diversity. These findings reinforce the ecological significance of Ficus as keystone species and highlight the utility of fig - fig wasp systems as versatile models for evolutionary and micro-ecological research.

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Ficus, Fig wasps, Microcosm, Co-evolution, Keystone species

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Electric vehicles are increasingly promoted as environmentally friendly and energy-efficient alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, yet their performance and safety depend critically on the behavior of the battery pack. When lithium ion cells are connected in series and parallel, manufacturing tolerances, temperature variations, and operating conditions lead to unequal charging and discharging, causing cell imbalance, reduced usable capacity, higher losses, and accelerated degradation. This study investigates a real-time Battery Management System (BMS) with integrated cell balancing to mitigate these issues in electric vehicle applications. An equivalent circuit model of a lithium ion battery is developed in MATLAB/Simulink, using experimentally derived open circuit voltage, internal resistance, and RC network parameters to capture both steady state and transient behavior during charge-discharge cycles. The work evaluates passive, active, and hybrid balancing concepts and proposes an adaptive passive balancing strategy that selects different resistor values based on state of charge differences among cells. The resulting BMS architecture performs continuous monitoring of voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge, while executing the adaptive balancing algorithm and enforcing CCCV based charging and protection limits. Simulation results demonstrate improved balancing speed, reduced energy loss, enhanced efficiency, and more uniform cell voltages compared with conventional passive methods, thereby supporting safer operation, longer battery life, and extended driving range in electric vehicles.

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Battery Management System; Lithium ion battery; Cell balancing; State of Charge estimation; Adaptive passive balancing; MATLAB/Simulink modelling.

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Digital learning has become an inevitable element in higher education and has been instrumental in affecting students' academic performance, psychological well-being, and behavioral pattern. This research paper attempts to investigate the impact of attitudes of students towards digital learning on their psychological well-being and behavior patterns. The study was designed in such a way that it used the quantitative research method whereby primary data were obtained from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. It is evident from the study results that students showed positive attitudes towards digital learning and that these attitudes have significant impacts on psychological well-being and behaviors. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that the attitudes of students towards digital learning had significant impacts on psychological well-being and behavioral patterns. The research paper concludes that positive attitudes towards digital learning improve students' psychological well-being and behavioral patterns.

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Digital Learning, Students' Attitudes, Psychological Well-being, Behavioural Patterns, Higher Education, Academic Engagement.

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The report examines the stress levels of employees in banking and the productivity of organizations on the frequency data of each of the 400 participants on average. Questions related to demographic, workload pressure, job security, work-life balance, physical and mental stress, organizational support, leadership, organizational culture, and productivity were included in the questionnaire. Using the five-point Likert scales given, the weighted item and agreement percentages were calculated. The findings suggest that stress can manifest in many ways. 65% said that they felt overwhelmed with workload, 68% said they were unable to balance work and their personal lives, 62% said they felt physically exhausted at the end of the workday and 54% felt mentally drained after work. Meanwhile, several staff members said that their workplace was supportive: Attitudes towards the productivity effects of stress were also high. 63% felt that stress adversely affected team productivity, 61% felt that stress adversely affected customer service, 68% felt that high levels of stress had a negative effect on overall productivity and 66% felt that reducing stress can help to improve the output of the organization. The results, therefore, indicate that there is a strong perception of a relationship between employee stress and organizational productivity. Frequency tables for aggregates were presented, however, so that correlation, regression, reliability and significance testing could not be done at the level of the individual respondents. The report does not, then, give causal evidence, but rather a careful descriptive interpretation.

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Employee Stress; Workplace Stress; Organizational Productivity; Banking Sector; Workload Pressure; Work-Life Balance; Organizational Support; Employee Performance.

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Hanumangarh district is a significant arid and semi-arid region located in the northwestern part of Rajasthan, where the natural environment is profoundly influenced by climate, soil, water availability, and human activities. The district's climate is predominantly hot and dry, characterized by extreme summer temperatures, erratic rainfall, and a significant drop in temperature during winter. Over the past few decades, factors such as rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, prolonged droughts, intense short-duration rainfall, increased evaporation rates, and shifting weather patterns have impacted the district's natural vegetation. Climate change particularly affects arid and desert flora that are adapted to survive with limited water availability. Key arid-zone plant species in Hanumangarh district include Khejri, Rohida, Babool, Kikar, Ber, Aak, Fog, Thor, Ker, and Kumat, alongside various grasses and shrubs. These plants play a vital role in maintaining the local ecosystem's balance while contributing to soil and biodiversity conservation, fodder availability, micro-climate regulation, and the rural economy. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns associated with climate change are affecting processes such as germination, growth, flowering, fruiting, and natural regeneration. Reduced soil moisture due to erratic rainfall slows the growth rate of many plants, while prolonged droughts increase the risk of plant mortality and the depletion of vegetation cover. Conversely, certain arid-zone species exhibit greater resilience to the changing climate due to traits like deep root systems, reduced leaf surface area, thorny structures, and biological water-conservation capabilities. Additionally, factors such as agricultural expansion, excessive groundwater extraction for irrigation, grazing pressure, road and urban development, industrial activities, and the alteration of natural habitats are placing further strain on the arid vegetation. The combined impact of climate change and human pressures may lead to regional disparities in vegetation structure and distribution. In irrigated areas, agricultural crops and other man-made vegetation have replaced natural arid-zone vegetation, whereas natural shrubs and grasses remain significant in areas that are less irrigated or barren.

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Climate change, Hanumangarh district, arid climate, semi-arid region, arid vegetation, natural vegetation, temperature rise, rainfall variability, drought, desertification, vegetation cover, biodiversity, ecosystem, vegetation distribution, soil moisture, water availability, groundwater exploitation, land-use change, agricultural expansion, grazing pressure, Khejri, Rohida, Babool, Fog, Ber, Aak, Thor, Ker, Kumat, grass species, plant regeneration, vegetation conservation, environmental balance,

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This paper examines Nadia Hashimi's When the Moon Is Low as a literary representation of Afghan motherhood under patriarchy, Taliban rule, and forced migration. Focusing on Fereiba Waziri, the study argues that the novel reconfigures motherhood as a site of constrained but meaningful agency rather than passive suffering. Through close textual analysis and a feminist-postcolonial reading, the paper investigates how Fereiba's pursuit of education, her clandestine teaching, her role in protecting her children, and her morally complex decisions during migration challenge reductive images of Afghan and Muslim women as silent victims. The paper further contends that Hashimi represents motherhood as both an affective and political practice shaped by war, displacement, and gendered violence. By foregrounding maternal agency, the novel offers a nuanced critique of domestic patriarchy and transnational refugee precarity while highlighting the ethical burdens carried by women in conditions of structural vulnerability.

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Afghan women, Maternal agency, Migration, Motherhood, Patriarchy, Refugee displacement, War.

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BACKGROUND: Ayurveda places a strong emphasis on preventive health for women. The holistic approach of Ayurveda considers not only the physical health but also the mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being of individuals. There are different Parichary?s (Regimen) mentioned during different phases of Reproductive life. Premenstrual Syndrome is a concerning menstrual health issue exhibiting Psychosomatic symptoms affecting social, academic, or work performance. Rajaswala parichary? conserve Sv?sthya Avasth? (Healthy condition), which in turn could help women with PMS to respond in a healthier manner to the drastic psychosomatic changes. MATERIALS & METHODS: 40 Female subjects fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of Premenstrual Syndrome were randomly selected and divided into two equal group of 20 subjects in each. Group A were given Rajaswala parichary? and Group B was observed without intervention. Assessment was carried out on the first day of enrolment and followed by 5th day of 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. RESULTS: When comparison was done between the group - Highly significant difference in the effect of intervention was noticed in Group A with p value < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Though the results are good and encouraging, further study can be carried out on a large population with bio-chemical markers which is expected to provide definite conclusion. Rajaswala parichary? which is considered as Menstrual taboo in India, the further studies will give strong scientific background to encourage and create awareness to the society.

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Premenstrual syndrome, Rajaswala parichary?, ?tuvyat?ta K?la, Menstrual Regimen

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In oral societies, culture is preserved, carried and transmitted not through written records but through stories, songs, customs, ceremonies, memories, and every day practices which are passed down from one generation to another through oral tradition. The Angami Nagas like the other Naga tribes are also primarily an oral society where much of their traditional and cultural knowledge have been preserved and transmitted through oral tradition. Oral tradition encompasses a wide range of forms including; folktales, folksongs, myths, customs and rituals. In particular, the life-cycle rituals connected with marriage, death, burial and mourning forms an important aspect of the oral and cultural heritage and knowledge of the Angami Nagas. These rituals carry with them beliefs, values, family relationships, community responsibilities and memories of the past. Literature here becomes an important medium through which these knowledge and memories are preserved and transmitted. It is within this premise, the study examines the representation of life-cycle rituals in Easterine Kire's A Terrible Matriarchy, with particular focus on funeral, burial and mourning practices, marriage negotiations, and wedding celebrations. As a writer who is native to the Angami Naga society, Kire draws heavily from her own Angami cultural heritage which makes her works a fertile ground for analyzing and exploring matters of importance related to the cultural tradition and practices. The study then is positioned as an inquiry into how the life cycle rituals in the novel contribute towards the representation of the Angami cultural identity. A close textual reading of A Terrible Matriarchy has been conducted as part of the study while studies conducted on the Angami oral traditions have also been reviewed and discussed along with the close textual reading.

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Angami Nagas; Oral Tradition; Life-Cycle Rituals; Cultural Identity; Easterine Kire; A Terrible Matriarchy

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