Volume 11 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Ecocriticism is an interdisciplinary approach that examines the relationship between literature and the natural environment. Emerging prominently in the late twentieth century, ecocritical theory focuses on how literary texts represent nature, environmental degradation, and human interaction with ecological systems. A. K. Ramanujan's poem A River presents a subtle yet powerful critique of traditional poetic representations of nature and highlights the complex interaction between humans and the environment. Set in the South Indian city of Madurai, the poem explores the cyclical nature of drought and flood while exposing the indifference of poets and society toward human suffering and ecological imbalance.

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Ecocriticism; River; Poet; Nature and Culture; Anthropocentrism; Ecological Consciousness; Flood and Ecological Disaster.

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Perception plays a very significant role in Indian epistemology. All the Indian philosophical schools, irrespective of their differences, have accepted perception as a valid and distinct means of knowledge. It is through our perceptual knowledge that we define the external world as well as the internal world. What is unique in the theory of perception is not just its definition but the process and the instrumentality of knowledge through which the system establishes an inseparable relation between Metaphysics, Epistemology, logic, and ethics.

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Vedanta, Sakshi Chaitanya. Perception, Vritti, Advaita, Consciousness, Self etc.

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The children are the citizens of future era and no doubt supreme asset of the country. Childhood is both the most vulnerable and the most formative period of life. Children need protection, support and encouragement and a safe and peaceful environment. On the proper bringing up of children and giving them the proper training to turn out to be good citizens depends on the future of the country. Children are at risk because of their vulnerability in society. Child of today cannot develop to be a responsible and productive member of tomorrow's society unless an environment which is favourable to his social and physical health is assured to him. Throughout the world, millions of children have their rights compromised by poverty, malnutrition, armed conflict and humanitarian crises. The violation of the rights of children, such as a lack of access to education, safe shelter and health care, is not only a problem of 'other poorer countries'. Today child labour considered as one of the major public health issue globally. Majority of the children are working among the child labourer rather going to school. They are engaged into all sorts of work for the sake of earning something for the family. As a result, they are also deprived of primary education, without which chance of success in life is remote. It is true that a number of laws have been imposed to prevent child labour. But they are more flouted than obeyed. The ban has been imposed to save the children from hazardous works and to restore their care-free childhood. They have to be groomed and looked after appropriately, not only on the basis of constitutional or statutory provisions, but also with great human touch and concern.

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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

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By thermochemical process, pyrolysis of biomass which is present in organic matter takes place in the absence of oxygen to develop a sustainable route for converting biomass into bio-fuel. Biomass is a promising source of energy for producing either solid or liquid fuels. Biofuels are alternatives to fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This review provides a overview of biomass pyrolysis, discussion upon its fundamental principles and its applications at various industries. The bio-oil can be obtained from agricultural waste, forest residue, and urban organic waste. It is also called pyrolysis oil, renewable fuel, and has the potential to be used as fuel in many applications. The application of bio-oil as transportation fuel helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to keep up the ecological balance. It covers major pyrolysis types and explores the reactors used in these processes and how key parameters, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time, impact the distribution and quality of pyrolysis products. Nowadays biomass is becoming a booming industry because it is cheaper and are effective for the sustainable use. Detailed studies are performed about bio-oil upgrading methods such as catalytic and non-catalytic processes. Several studies present techno-economic assessments of different routes regarding cost-effective configurations. The advancements which are achieved to large production of bio-oil continues to face different challenges and variability in supply of feedstock. This review explains the usefulness of reactor design, catalyst efficiency, and optimization of process along with commercial deployment. Finally, this review is much helpful to researchers and engineers, to work together about advance pyrolysis technology to provide low carbon fuels and chemicals for the society

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biomass; pyrolysis; reactors; bio-oil upgrading; economic analysis

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Ancient Indian education stands as one of the most far-reaching, structured, and principle-based learning systems in world history. Built upon philosophical inquiries, spiritual ideals, and the pursuit of knowledge for both worldly and extraordinary purposes, it contributed significantly to mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, medicine, politics, and metaphysics. This article explores the philosophical foundations, institutional structures, pedagogical techniques, and curriculum of ancient Indian education, examining Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. The study highlights the system's holistic approach--one that integrated ethics, discipline, intellectual rigor, and socio-cultural responsibility--and considers its everlasting significance for modern educational discourse.

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Ancient Indian education stands as one of the most far-reaching, structured, and principle-based learning systems in world history. Built upon philosophical inquiries, spiritual ideals, and the pursuit of knowledge for both worldly and extraordinary purposes, it contributed significantly to mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, medicine, politics, and metaphysics. This article explores the philosophical foundations, institutional structures, pedagogical techniques, and curriculum of ancient India

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The performance of rigid pavements is primarily determined by the type of reinforcement used. Steel, though strong and widely available, is prone to corrosion, which causes premature deterioration of reinforced concrete pavements in India. The corrosive nature of the environment leads to a loss of structural integrity, higher maintenance costs, and reduced service life. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) offers a non-corrosive alternative that provides higher tensile strength, lighter weight, and superior chemical resistance compared to steel. This study compares steel and glass fiber reinforcement in road construction. The Net Present Cost (NPC) of both materials is evaluated using the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) approach. Design and material guidelines from relevant standards and field data have been incorporated into the comparative framework. Under moderate and severe chloride exposure, the long-term cost of steel reinforcement increases sharply due to corrosion-related damage. Conversely, GFRP achieves lower life-cycle costs because of its superior durability, corrosion resistance, and ease of handling, despite its higher initial procurement cost. Factors such as maintenance accessibility, exposure severity, and workmanship quality play a crucial role in determining the most cost-effective reinforcement solution for rigid pavement design.

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Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), steel reinforcement, corrosion resistance, life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA), IRC codes, rigid pavements, India.

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A comparative study of the political thoughts of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay and Mahatma Gandhi

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A comparative study of the political thoughts of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay and Mahatma Gandhi

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The Indian legal system is built on core values like justice, equality, liberty, and accountability, aiming to ensure both access and ease of justice. Rooted in cultural and ethical traditions, legal education in India is seen as a powerful tool for creating a just society by developing skilled, socially responsible lawyers. Quality legal education emphasizes ethics, practical skills, and interdisciplinary learning.The evolution of clinical legal education, especially with the integrated law programs, has strengthened this goal by combining practical training with legal aid initiatives. Law school clinics and programs now play a key role in helping marginalized communities through legal support, awareness, and paralegal training. The article explores the challenges faced by law schools in promoting access to justice and how legal education can advance access to justice and support the creation of a more inclusive and equitable society.

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Law School, Legal Education, Legal service, Lok adalath,Legal aid

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Chromium (III) Complex, Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (Py-2-TSC), UV-Visible Spectrophotometry, Complex Stability, Stoichiometry, Dissociation Constant, Interference Study

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jktuhrd n'kZu esa IysVks dk LFkku vrqyuh; gS

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Traffic lights play such an important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. Traffic police gave authority to emergency vehicle driver to activate the traffic light remotely is developed and designed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic signal during emergency situation. This system used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During critical cases, emergency vehicle such as ambulance can activate (trigger) the traffic light signal to change from red to green that's to make clearance for its path automatically. By help of Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light will turn back to its normal operation when the ambulance finishes crossing the road.

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SOLAR POWERED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

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This article explores the various branches of applied ethics, a subfield of philosophy that deals with how moral concepts and principles are applied to real-world situations. Applied ethics extends the theoretical frameworks of moral philosophy into practical contexts, addressing ethical issues in fields such as medicine, business, the environment, and technology. The major branches discussed include bioethics, which focuses on ethical dilemmas in healthcare and medical research; business ethics, which evaluates moral standards in corporate governance and commerce; environmental ethics, which addresses the ethical relationship between humans and the environment; media ethics, dealing with the responsibilities and integrity of journalists; and legal ethics, which concerns moral obligations in the legal profession. Each branch brings unique challenges and requires nuanced approaches to balancing competing values like individual rights, societal good, and professional responsibility. This article critically examines these branches, highlighting their relevance in guiding ethical decision-making in contemporary society.

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Applied ethics, bioethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, media ethics, legal ethic.

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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping new venture creation and driving business innovation across various industries. This research paper explores the impact of AI on startups and established businesses, focusing on how AI technologies facilitate the development of new business models, enhance operational efficiency, and foster innovation. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs and quantitative analysis of case studies involving AI-driven startups. Key findings reveal that AI significantly lowers entry barriers for new ventures by automating processes, improving decision-making, and enabling scalable solutions. Moreover, AI contributes to business innovation by generating novel products and services, optimizing customer targeting, and enhancing competitive advantage. However, the research also identifies challenges such as ethical considerations, data privacy issues, and the need for technical expertise. The paper concludes that while AI presents substantial opportunities for innovation and growth, it also requires careful management and strategic implementation to fully realize its potential. Recommendations include adopting best practices for AI integration and developing supportive policies to nurture AI-driven entrepreneurial ecosystems.

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Artificial Intelligence, New Venture Creation, Business Innovation, Startups, Automation, Decision-Making, Data Privacy, Competitive Advantage.

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K.G. Subramanyan (1924-2016), one of India's most influential modern artists, played a pivotal role in shaping contemporary Indian art through his eclectic approach, blending traditional Indian techniques and themes with modernist ideas. A painter, muralist, printmaker, sculptor, and educator, Subramanyan's work reflects his deep engagement with Indian culture, history, mythology, and politics. This research article explores the evolution of his art, his approach to storytelling, and his contribution to postcolonial art discourse.

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K.G. Subramanyan; Narrative Art; Allegory in Indian Art; Cultural Synthesis; Postcolonial Modernism; Indian Visual Traditions

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Abstract Edge-Computing is a transformative paradigm in data-processing, addressing the growing need for instant analytics and reduced latency in an increasingly interconnected world. This paper explores the integration of Edge-Computing with cloud infrastructure, elucidating its potential to revolutionize data processing and application deployment. By leveraging local computing resources, edge devices can perform instant data analytics, enhance responsiveness, and optimize bandwidth usage. Integrating Edge-Computing with cloud infrastructure offers a synergistic approach that combines the strengths of both paradigms. The cloud provides vast computational power and storage capabilities, while Edge-Computing ensures rapid data processing and reduced latency. This hybrid model enables a distributed architecture where edge nodes handle time-sensitive tasks, while the cloud manages large-scale data storage, complex analytics, and system coordination. The paper delves into various applications of this integration, highlighting its impact on sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, and telecommunications. For instance, in healthcare to monitor patient vitals and immediate response in emergency situations. In manufacturing, it facilitates predictive maintenance and efficient resource management by analyzing equipment data on-site. Telecommunications benefit from enhanced network performance and reduced latency, leading to improved user experiences in applications like augmented reality and 5G networks. Furthermore, the research examines the challenges and considerations in implementing edge-cloud integration, including security concerns, data privacy, and interoperability issues. By addressing these challenges, the integration of Edge-Computing with cloud infrastructure promises to unlock new possibilities for innovation and efficiency in data processing.

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Edge-Computing, Instant Data Processing, Cloud Infrastructure, Latency Reduction, Data Analytics, Autonomous Vehicles, Smart Cities, Industrial IoT, Hybrid Model, Data Storage, Predictive Maintenance, Healthcare Monitoring, Telecommunications, Augmented Reality, 5G Networks

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Only absorption and emission phenomena involving only two or three levels of the system (atoms or molecules) are the focus of this study; dispersion phenomena are addressed at infrared frequencies. Retention (or discharge) and dissipating peculiarities have been examined traditionally in which the singular molecules affected by the connecting field are treated as driven consonant oscillators. While the classical theory is adequate for explaining the behavior of well-known microwave amplifiers and oscillators, it fails to explain the behavior of a complex atom or system of atoms, such as in maser-like devices. It is interesting to note that the elements of the interaction T-matrices are merely probability amplitudes and their conjugates. These elements can be identified as Kayley-Klein parameters, which have a close connection to quantum mechanics' concept of spatial rotation. The T-change strategy for a solitary two-level molecule has been stretched out richly to treat the association issue for a gathering for free or co-related two level frameworks. The Hamiltonian operator is obtained by adding the phase-dependent Hamiltonians for each individual atom, whereas the macroscopic T-transformation operator is constructed from the product of the T- operators for various constituent atoms. The state selection operator, the excitation and de-excitation operators, the inversion operators, and other relevant macroscopic operators are also included. can be built from the operator of individual atoms by applying quantum and statistical mechanics principles. While the theory for a single two-level particle follows the spin formulation, the assembly theory appears to be based on the general angular moment formalism.

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Classical Theory, Amplification process ,Quantum radiation Transition probability.

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Plotting is known as path finding or pathing. A computer program, is used for connecting the path between two locations. Being more of a useful maze-solving variation, Path finding or pathing is the plotting, by a computer application, of the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph. A path finding approach fundamentally searches, beginning at one vertex in a graph, looking into nearby nodes until they reach the destination node, typically with the goal of locating the least expensive path. Although graph search techniques can also be used, viz. a breadth-first search, Depth-based, swarm based and other algorithms can also be used.

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Dijkstra's, Path finding algorithm, Greedy, Swarm, Breadth, Depth.

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The present paper intended to study the effect of preparation and motivation on self-confidence of undergraduate students in terms of their streams. In order to conduct the present study, 388 students of Semester-I were selected randomly from the Govt. colleges of Jammu tehsil. The tools for collecting data were self-constructed and standardized questionnaires assessing the three important behavioural attributes. The present study pointed out that there was significant effect of motivation on the self confidence but no such effect was found in terms preparation. Moreover, it was also found that Science and Arts undergraduate students were significantly different in terms of their motivation and self-confidence but no such difference was found in terms of their preparation.

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Motivation, Preparation, Self-confidence, Undergraduate Students

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This descriptive survey investigates the study habits of 150 high school students in Bengaluru District, Karnataka, employing the Study Habit Inventory (SHI) by Palsane & Sharma (2003). The study employs a simple random sampling technique and statistical analyses, including mean, standard deviation, and the independent t-test, with a significance level of 0.05. The findings highlight significant gender differences in study habits, with secondary school girls exhibiting more habits than boys. However, no significant variation is observed based on the medium of instruction (English vs. Kannada). Notably, a significant difference emerges in study habits based on school management, with private unaided high school students demonstrating higher study habits compared to their counterparts in private aided and government schools. These insights underscore the importance of tailored educational strategies and interventions to address distinct patterns in study habits among high school students.

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Study Habits, High School, Students, Relation, Significant

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This article delves into the legal nuances and sociological factors that influence the bail process for minors who are in legal trouble, examining the complex landscape of this system in India. With a foundation in juvenile justice and rehabilitation, the conversation threads through the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015's provisions, highlighting the idea that bail for young offenders ought to be the standard rather than the exception. The problems of social stigma, insufficient legal representation, and overcrowding in juvenile homes are examined, leading to a review of possible remedies. The article envisions a way forward that integrates holistic juvenile justice policies, community engagement, and robust rehabilitation programs. By striking a delicate balance between accountability and compassion, the article advocates for a legal framework that not only upholds the rights of children in conflict with the law but also facilitates their reintegration into society, ensuring a fair and empathetic pursuit of justice.

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Juvenile Justice, Rehabilitation, Bail, Juvenile Homes

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