Volume 11 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Only absorption and emission phenomena involving only two or three levels of the system (atoms or molecules) are the focus of this study; dispersion phenomena are addressed at infrared frequencies. Retention (or discharge) and dissipating peculiarities have been examined traditionally in which the singular molecules affected by the connecting field are treated as driven consonant oscillators. While the classical theory is adequate for explaining the behavior of well-known microwave amplifiers and oscillators, it fails to explain the behavior of a complex atom or system of atoms, such as in maser-like devices. It is interesting to note that the elements of the interaction T-matrices are merely probability amplitudes and their conjugates. These elements can be identified as Kayley-Klein parameters, which have a close connection to quantum mechanics' concept of spatial rotation. The T-change strategy for a solitary two-level molecule has been stretched out richly to treat the association issue for a gathering for free or co-related two level frameworks. The Hamiltonian operator is obtained by adding the phase-dependent Hamiltonians for each individual atom, whereas the macroscopic T-transformation operator is constructed from the product of the T- operators for various constituent atoms. The state selection operator, the excitation and de-excitation operators, the inversion operators, and other relevant macroscopic operators are also included. can be built from the operator of individual atoms by applying quantum and statistical mechanics principles. While the theory for a single two-level particle follows the spin formulation, the assembly theory appears to be based on the general angular moment formalism.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Classical Theory, Amplification process ,Quantum radiation Transition probability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Plotting is known as path finding or pathing. A computer program, is used for connecting the path between two locations. Being more of a useful maze-solving variation, Path finding or pathing is the plotting, by a computer application, of the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph. A path finding approach fundamentally searches, beginning at one vertex in a graph, looking into nearby nodes until they reach the destination node, typically with the goal of locating the least expensive path. Although graph search techniques can also be used, viz. a breadth-first search, Depth-based, swarm based and other algorithms can also be used.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dijkstra's, Path finding algorithm, Greedy, Swarm, Breadth, Depth.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present paper intended to study the effect of preparation and motivation on self-confidence of undergraduate students in terms of their streams. In order to conduct the present study, 388 students of Semester-I were selected randomly from the Govt. colleges of Jammu tehsil. The tools for collecting data were self-constructed and standardized questionnaires assessing the three important behavioural attributes. The present study pointed out that there was significant effect of motivation on the self confidence but no such effect was found in terms preparation. Moreover, it was also found that Science and Arts undergraduate students were significantly different in terms of their motivation and self-confidence but no such difference was found in terms of their preparation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Motivation, Preparation, Self-confidence, Undergraduate Students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This descriptive survey investigates the study habits of 150 high school students in Bengaluru District, Karnataka, employing the Study Habit Inventory (SHI) by Palsane & Sharma (2003). The study employs a simple random sampling technique and statistical analyses, including mean, standard deviation, and the independent t-test, with a significance level of 0.05. The findings highlight significant gender differences in study habits, with secondary school girls exhibiting more habits than boys. However, no significant variation is observed based on the medium of instruction (English vs. Kannada). Notably, a significant difference emerges in study habits based on school management, with private unaided high school students demonstrating higher study habits compared to their counterparts in private aided and government schools. These insights underscore the importance of tailored educational strategies and interventions to address distinct patterns in study habits among high school students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Study Habits, High School, Students, Relation, Significant

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article delves into the legal nuances and sociological factors that influence the bail process for minors who are in legal trouble, examining the complex landscape of this system in India. With a foundation in juvenile justice and rehabilitation, the conversation threads through the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015's provisions, highlighting the idea that bail for young offenders ought to be the standard rather than the exception. The problems of social stigma, insufficient legal representation, and overcrowding in juvenile homes are examined, leading to a review of possible remedies. The article envisions a way forward that integrates holistic juvenile justice policies, community engagement, and robust rehabilitation programs. By striking a delicate balance between accountability and compassion, the article advocates for a legal framework that not only upholds the rights of children in conflict with the law but also facilitates their reintegration into society, ensuring a fair and empathetic pursuit of justice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Juvenile Justice, Rehabilitation, Bail, Juvenile Homes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research article explores the innovative approaches to teaching English in engineering colleges in Hyderabad, a city known for its thriving information technology and engineering industry in India. English language proficiency is a crucial skill for engineering students due to the evolving nature of technology and its global reach. However, traditional teaching methods often fail to engage and motivate students, leading to ineffective language acquisition. The article discusses the challenges faced by students in acquiring English language skills and highlights the importance of integrating innovative teaching approaches. Through an extensive review of existing literature and secondary data research or qualitative research method, this article presents various innovative strategies such as Project-Based Learning, Content and Language Integrated Learning, technology integration, language labs, Communicative Language Teaching, and immersive learning techniques. It also examines the benefits and limitations of these approaches and provides recommendations for improving the English language education in engineering colleges in Hyderabad. The findings suggest that these approaches offer valuable opportunities to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of language learning, promote student engagement, and develop the necessary skills for engineering students to excel in their future careers. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to enhance English language education in this specific context.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

English Language Education, Engineering Colleges, Innovative Approaches, Project-Based Learning, Content and Language Integrated Leaning, Technology Integration, Language Labs, Immersive Learning, Hyderabad

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? 73 ????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? 2 ???????? ?????????????, 24 ????? ?????????????, 2 ????? ????????????? ?? 45 ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? 73 ??? ?? ???? 12 ??????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 73 ??? ?? 12 ??????????????? ?? ?-?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The status of women in Indian society in the light of Arab journeys

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The digital age has ushered in unprecedented opportunities and conveniences, but it has also given rise to increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity threats. In response to this evolving landscape, cybersecurity awareness and education programs have gained prominence as a proactive defense strategy. This review article systematically examines the effectiveness of such programs by drawing insights from a comprehensive body of research. Through an analysis of key findings, challenges, and recommendations, this article aims to shed light on the critical role of cybersecurity awareness and education in safeguarding individuals, organizations, and nations in an interconnected world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cybersecurity, Education Programs

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is primarily responsible for COVID-19, a respiratory virus infection. COVID-19 is currently regarded as a systemic disease, because of the involvement of several organs in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The initial effects of COVID-19 are well known and frequently involved a rise in mortality. However, long-term or delayed COVID-19 problems (post-COVID-19 syndrome) are now more commonly understood and are linked to higher morbidity. The major symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome include dyspnea, fatigue, dysgeusia, anosmia, chest pain, arrhythmias, headache, lightheadedness, and brain fogging (cognitive impairment), which lead to enhanced morbidity and a low-quality life. Treatment and management are well required for these long COVID haulers. The role of the interprofessional collaborative team in the assessment and management of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome is a highlight of this paper. The purpose of this review is to explain the frequency of delayed and persistent symptoms, system-based symptoms, ways to recognize symptoms and indicators to manage the condition, and the role of an interdisciplinary collaborative approach in the management of post-COVID-19 syndrome in. To achieve this, several research papers were analyzed and evaluated that resulted into the outcome as interprofessional team of clinicians, specialists, super specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, and self-training programs is required to work and collaborate on improving and overcoming post COVID-19 syndrome. Unmanaged long COVID haulers may be subject to complex morbidity and may contribute to gross mortality.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SARS CoV-2, Post COVID-19 Syndrome, Long COVID-Haulers, Dyspnea, Anosmia, Dysgeusia, Arrhythmias, Brain fogging

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Educating via social media has several options. Social media may help schools and university libraries sell and promote themselves. Since many instructors and students already use social media and other technologies, it's easier than ever to incorporate them into curriculum. Each social networking site has several classroom uses, from alerts to live lectures and more. First, social media networks allow students, educators, and parents to check in, ask questions, and obtain responses. Social media may boost e-learning. Social networking may help students work remotely. Training students to work remotely is becoming increasingly vital as online programs and jobs grow. Before using social media in the classroom, it's important to understand its effects, but we're certain it will help pupils learn technology. It's not how many people "like" your posts that's driving social media in the classroom. Social media encourages collaboration, open forums, and rapid information sharing, which helps students develop creative, critical thinking, and communication skills faster. Self-directed learning on social media helps students find answers and make decisions. Because social media gives students more freedom to communicate and collaborate outside the classroom, they experience the globally linked world before entering the workforce. Repeating these social media skills in a classroom context improves learning and critical thinking.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social Media, Library, Teaching, e-classroom, Information, Technology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aims at validating the medicinal value of Premna latifolia from its antifungal properties against medically important fungal strains. The antifungal properties were tested against Fusarium and Rhizopus which had shown moderate rate of inhibition. The fungal activity of the P. latifolia might be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, this plant can be used to identify the specific bioactive compounds which may serve as leads in the development of new antimicrobial agents.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Premna latifolia ,Antifungal properties, Fusarium and Rhizopus

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Antibiotic nitazoxanide (NTZ) has significant antiviral and antiparasitic action. Various parasites, including Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Isospora belli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium, have been documented to be adaptable to it. In this paper, multiple methods of analysis for determining nitazoxanide without excipients and in marketed products are carefully studied. Spectrophotometry, electrochemical methods, capillary electrophoresis, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography (GC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) are among the different analytical techniques employed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nitazoxanide, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anthelminthic, Analytical methods

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Historically, the extraction of mineral reserves has always resulted in varying degrees of environmental resource degradation and social impacts, including displacement, all across the globe, even though the mining activity plays very vital role as for as development of the country was concerned. Whilst acknowledging that no mining can be entirely free of all negative impacts, there is sufficient ground to suggest that all-round performance on this subject in the mining sector needs to be urgently and substantially improved in the country. So there is a need for sustainable development in mining. As the mining activity of the Bellary district was concerned, the Supreme Court gave a major judgment on illegal mining activities in the district on the basis of lokayukta report of the Karnataka state; this may impact on the district economy and lively hood.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

mining, economic development, impacts, livelihood,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rural credit serves as tool for providing sustainable livelihood in rural areas. It has assumed importance because of most of the rural people have inadequate savings to finance farmers and other economic activities. So, several steps were taken by GOI and RBI to provide banking facilities especially in rural areas so as to cover unbanked areas in the ambit of banking services. Growth of banking services and credit in rural areas by commercial banks has been studied region wise to study the considerable regional variations on the parameters outstanding credit, Occupation-wise Distribution of Outstanding Credit, sanction and utilization of outstanding credit.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Growth of Rural Credit by commercial banks in India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

History, Visual art, Print making, Woman print maker, Multidisciplinary artist.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Unemployment refers to a state or situation of people of different categories when an invidual is left without a job,want a job,have actively sought work in and are available to start work or are out of work ,have found a job and are waiting to start it .It is a reflection of static development where high population growth hasn't met the national output and becomes unproductive.This issue is one of the major challenges in India ,especially in the underdeveloped regions like backward villages and towns.This paper selected Mirzapur urf Soorajpur,a village in Raibareli district from Uttar Pradesh,which is one of the most backward villages in the state despite the presence of primary resources.The balence between education and unemployment in the study area is unequal.The balence between education and unemployment in the study is unequal(Literacy Rate:59.97%).As a result,people are engaging into poverty,drug addiction,joblessness,stress,lack of job opportunities ,and most importantly not proper usage of resources available.This paper prescribes some policies which can provide some policies to enhance some job opportunities for the youth and farmers and to decrease poverty rate in the rural area.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Unemployment,Poverty,Literacy Rate,Underdeveloped,joblesness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper presents an experimental study on the performance evaluation of Steel-Nylon Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete in M-25 grade. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a composite material that incorporates fibers to enhance the properties of conventional concrete. The addition of fibers improves crack resistance, tensile strength, toughness, and durability of concrete. In this study, steel and nylon 6 fibers were used in different combinations to investigate their impact on the mechanical properties of concrete. The mix design was performed as per IS 10262-2009, and the water-cement ratio was maintained at 0.43 with a 0.75% volume fraction of fibers. The physical and mechanical properties of the materials used were tested and found to meet the relevant Indian Standard specifications. The experimental program included testing of cube specimens for compressive strength, cylindrical specimens for split tensile strength, and beams for flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results revealed that the addition of fibers decreased workability but improved compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. Mix MS75N25 (75-25% steel-nylon) exhibited the highest compressive and flexural strengths, while mix MS100N0 (100-0% steel-nylon) showed the highest split tensile strength. The research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of hybrid fiber reinforcement in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete and its potential for various structural applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Steel-Nylon Hybrid Fiber, Reinforced Concrete, M-25 Grade

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Steel concrete composite deck is a quick and affordable structural method that is employed all over the world. In recent times, India has also become more aware of the tactics. A lean cold-formed steel sheet that can be shaped into any required shape makes up the profile deck. Changing the geometrical shape and strength of material characteristics of the steel concrete deck allows for a critical analysis to be done in this article. Its impact on the placement of the N-A and flexural resistance is examined. Another significant issue with decks is their ductile behavior. In order to assure ductile behavior of composite deck, authors present the limitation assessment of N-A for frequently used steel grades for profile deck. For an open trough type profile deck, the article takes into account differences in concrete thickness, yield strength of the material, and concrete cylinder strength. According to Eurocode EN-1994, N-A depth and MOR calculations are conducted assuming a complete connection between steel and concrete. The findings reveal that changing geometrical and material factors significantly affect flexural capacity and N-A placement.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Composite slab; Profile deck; Parametric study; Cold form steel.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study is based on assessment of mother -child relation. The sample got selected purposefully keeping eye on the study. Total 48 mothers, whose children are studying in elementary standard of their academic level, were taken for the study. 24 mothers were not working and remaining 24 are working mothers. Personal, social, economical issued faced by them were discussed in the study. Behavioral attitude towards their children were assessed. Data collected by distributing the questionnaire among parents and the collected data processed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test to find the result. The finding revealed that, working mothers were performing well from every angle than their non-working peers. The lack of awareness, high expectation also hinders the healthy relation among the mother-child relation. The parents and stake holders should heed on it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mother-Child Relation, Socio-Economical Issues, Expectation, Working and Non-working Mother, Elementary Standard, Academic Level.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition