Volume 8 | Issue 7

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Shailesh, Dalit, Chetna

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Popular and conventional discourses conceptualize poverty as an economic condition merely characterized by inadequacy of income to individuals or households. This is in fact a subsistence view of poverty. Recent thought and policy processes have gradually transcended such a mundane and dominantly growth oriented � poverty line - meaning of poverty. Nowadays poverty is a human condition that is more than mere material inadequacy. It is considered to be inadequacy of �capability� and a condition of �disadvantage�. As an inadequacy of capability it is a condition of deprivation that results in making people incapable to fend and obtain their material as well as social entitlements needed for both subsistence and progress. Secondly the approach to poverty as a condition of �disadvantage�, identifies five types of disadvantages namely: �lack of assets� covering material possessions (including resources), �physical weakness� resulting from malnutrition and inadequate health care, �isolation� resulting from information asymmetry � inability to access knowledge, �vulnerability� due to social de facto absence of rights orchestrated structurally by centers of wealth and power and ultimately, �powerlessness�. In sum these modern approaches to the concept of poverty surely appear comprehensive consisting of �entitlements, empowerment, minority rights, protection of plural cultures and human development.� The commonality of both the perspectives is that poverty is not merely economic (material) but also social and political, that is poverty includes material and non-material deprivation. It implies the transition of the poverty concept from a growth perspective to a development perspective. Hence anti poverty policy prescriptions must visualize the condition of poverty and the poor in all the three dimensions and the process chosen and eventually implemented must accommodate all the three sets of challenges.

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Challenges, Poverty, Material inadequacy, Women empowerment

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The partition of Bengal 1905 and its annulment in 1911 was a momentous event in the history of India in general and Bengal in particular. This partition issue awoke the Bengal Muslims to the consciousness of reorienting their political ideas and to rebuild their political organization to meet the changing challenges. After the revolt of 1857 Muslim moved backward in the political arena although Mohammedan Literary Society of Anwar Abdul Latif, Central Mohammedan Literary Society of Sayed Amir Ali and the Aligarh Movement of Sir Sayed Ahmed created some kind of awareness among the Muslims. However, Ulemas of Bengal remained far from all these organizations and associations. The issue of the partition of Bengal approached them towards their future political career.

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THE PARTITION OF BENGAL AND THE RESPONSES OF ULEMA

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Ebola virus disease, formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe disease which is often fatal in humans if untreated. Ebola was first identified as a possible new �strain� of the Marburg virus in 1976 which caused two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara (South Sudan) and the other in Yambuku (DRC). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) identified Ebola virus as species, Zaire Ebola Virus which belongs to the family Filoviridae. Ebola virus contains a Negative-sense, single stranded RNA and it encodes for seven different proteins including one extrinsic protein, glycoprotein and six different intrinsic proteins, VP24, VP35, VP24, VP40, VP30, Nucleoproteins, L-polymerase. EBOV infection obstructs DC maturation without inducing cytokine expression, leading to impaired T-cell proliferation. Whereas macrophages produce selective proinflammatory cytokines and certain tissue factor which attract additional target cells that in turn induces vasodilation and causes vascular permeability and disseminated intravascular coagulation. There are a few treatment methods which have been proven effective against the Zaire EBOV and some monoclonal antibody-based drugs have also been used. Only one FDA approved vaccine, rVSV ZBOV is available.

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Ebola virus, Filovirus Hemorrhagic fever, intrinsic proteins, monoclonal antibodies.

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Essentially, most of cars use 4 to 5 lug nuts to fix wheels on cars. The traditional way to change a car�s wheel tire is to unscrew the locking lug nuts one by one using a lug wrench. However, sometimes it can be so exhausting and time consuming. In this project our aim is to design and fabrication of four wheel nut removing hand operated tool for tightening and removing of four nuts in one stroke. With the increment of number of car on the road, the number of cars problem due to tyre failure has increased. Often, the car is provided with tyre wheel nuts remover and jack for instance spare tyre replacement. Nevertheless, due to difficulty in applying torque to remove nut and to save a time. We develop tool having a gear planetary mechanism. In our project we are tried to focus on the minimization of human effort for fixing all for nuts of 120mm PCD wheel in one time. The main objective of work is to develop a single tool, which can be made use during assembling and disassembling of wheels in automobiles. It can be successfully used as standard tool irrespective of the model of the vehicle. Also it can be used garages, workshops and service stations. The remover is designed to be ergonomic to be used, easy maintenance, easy storage, easy to handled and able to remove all nuts at once.

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vehicle wheels,nut-tightner,

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ABSTRACT Over the period of time, methods of seeking acquaintance on the best eventual commerce & management courses emerged and played constitutive role in the intellect of the post millennials. Circumstanstially the horizon of ambition and a sense of imperativeness are on high among them.post millennials are confident,ambitious,smartest and focused youth of our nation born between 1996 till today.They hunt up information for optimum education and courses to excel in competative world.So many educational institutions are across Bangalore city providing best opportunities to millennials and post millennials to help them choose the best course for their successful career. In this situation educational institutions must make post millennials and millennials aware on the best educational scopes on proposal.Here comes a situation were words of mouth (family,relatives, recommendations,colleges,websites,and newspapers,marketing strategies)were also found to be effective .An effort made in this emphirical paper is to find out the impact of marketing of educational services to the millennials and post millennials.the provision of extra curricular activities profile of lecturers,teaching practices, possibilities of future employment opportunities and better placement were high on the agenda.The research presented in this paper reveals intresting factores determining student decision on slecting management courses, placements in the institution. In this conclusion this paper would establish the impact factors of various marketing strategies on post millennials and millennials strategized by business schools enabling them to select among the best management programmes offerees in Bangalore.

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: Integrated Marketing,Psychology,Education,BCom,Millennial,Students.

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Structural audit is a health check-up of the whole building. Structural auditing gives an idea about the current condition of the building and the necessary measures taken so that the life of a building can be increased. It also suggests some repair & retrofitting techniques required to increase the serviceability & overall health of old buildings. This paper deals with a case study of structural auditing of RCC building by visual inspection & NDT tests. From visual inspection, HRI is found out. Recently various methods and techniques are used for structural health monitoring called NDE (Non-Destructive Evaluation) techniques.

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Structural auditing, SHM, NDT tests, HRI, Carbonation test, Core extraction test

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Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is a replacement of transportation fuel. Due to high demand of transportation fuels and shortage of commercial fuel, lignocellulosic ethanol is recognized as a viable and unique liquid transportation fuel with environmental friendly option. Agricultural and forestry residue, grasses, corn straw and fast growing woods are used as raw material for lignocellulosic ethanol production. All these are renewable source which gives the edge over fossil fuels and crude oil, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emission. In this paper, we critically reviewed the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol.

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Biomass, Cellulosic, Ethanol, Fuel, Lignocellulosic, Straw.

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The main objective of our project is to fabricate a motorized high speed four way hacksaw machine. Modification of the conventional power hacksaw machine taking place in order to achieve high productivity of work-pieces than the power hacksaw machine using scotch yoke mechanism. This machine is built with the four hacksaw machines such that tall the machines are operated simultaneously with the help of a motor and scotch yoke mechanism. The Scotch Yoke mechanism converts the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion. This concepts is used to convert the rotary motion of the motor to the reciprocating motion of the hacksaw blades. This motion is used for hacksaw machine, in this model we can operate the hacksaws at same time. This machine works with minimum vibrations and jerks. All the sour hacksaw blades are connected with the scotch yoke mechanism in such a way that when the motor is switched on, all the blades receive power and cut the materials according to the requirement. Different materials can also be cut on this machine, hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency.

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Multi-Way Hacksaw, Scotch Yoke Mechanism, Hacksaw Machine, etc.

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Romantic Age was the most fertile era for the poetry in English literature , as it deals with the great range of subjects because poets of this age were writing whatever they could imagine and in their own style. Emotions were given the foremost importance for the birth of poetry , for which William Wordsworth, pioneer of romantics, says , �poetry is the over spontaneous flow of the powerful emotions�. This paper deals with the different themes which prevailed in the poetry of romantic poets and describes how romantists made themselves different from the previous age of wit and reasoning.

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Romantics , Nature, Supernatural, Imagination, Hellenism and Poetic diction

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In the real-time outdoor application of computer vision-based systems, haze removal, a technique that can recover clear images from foggy ones, is necessary for further image processing. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient haze removal method suitable for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation is proposed to obtain high quality fog-free images. Based on the atmosphere scattering model and the dark channel prior method, the atmospheric light of the whole image and the transmission map can be extracted. These are important parameters of the recovery model. Instead of using single global atmospheric light to restore foggy image, local atmospheric light is estimated and applied in the proposed design to achieve optimal results. To ensure that the overall image is consistent without block artefacts, a local atmospheric light is dynamically adjusted based on the global atmospheric light. Additionally, to obtain a transmission map, a refined estimation method is performed to reduce the halo effect. To meet the requirements of real-time applications, six-stage VLSI architecture for the proposed algorithm is implemented.

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Haze removal, Local Atmospheric light, VLSI

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COVID-19 lockdown under the Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situation, B.E. 2548 was partially eased from 3 May 2020 to allow public venues including retailers, market, flea markets, floating markets to reopen again with preventative measures imposed, i.e., temperature check for sellers and buyers, social distancing while choosing and paying. Flea markets in this research means any market without any permanent fixture offering fresh produces, goods and services. Flea markets are a part of Thai way of life; they are local and a congregating place of 20,000 � 30,000 consumers with revenue ranging from 600,000 and 10,000,000bht per day per flea market. Flea markets are scattered around Thailand and their market value are significant, however the crowded nature of flea markets is against social distancing guideline imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19; thus, social distancing would render a third of service space in flea markets unusable. In order to concurrently maintain the sales, satisfying consumers� needs and preventing COVID-19, the objective of the research is set to study (1) new normal consumer behavior in flea markets, (2) consumer behavior in deciding to purchase products and services in flea markets during COVID-19 outbreak which is the basis of set marketing mix, and (3) retailer marketing strategy. Primary data and secondary data are collected for this research. Primary data is collected by survey method by asking sample group to complete 400 questionnaires and the information thereof is analysed by descriptive method. The research finds that the majority of questionnaire answers show the new normal consumer behavior in flea markets during COVID-19 outbreak are (1) the majority of consumers wear masks but do not have a temperature check, wash hands every time they visit flea markets, nor do they stay home to prevent COVID-19 spread, and, on top of the aforementioned, there was no social distancing; (2) consumer behavior in deciding to purchase products and services in flea markets reflects the totality of decisions which are (i) whether � yes, (ii) why � nearby and cheap, (iii) when � every time there is a flea market, (iv) where � flea market near home or office, (v) how � paid in cash, (vi) how much - 200 - 500bht/visit, (vii) how often � 2 � 3 time/week, and (viii) how long � 30 � 60minutes/visit; and (3) in relation to retail marketing mix, retail strategy consists of store differentiation and positioning which focuses on benefits in consistent with new normal particularly social distancing and such strategy aligns with retail marketing mix for (i) Distribution (location) and service assortment, (ii) Product assortment: increasing fresh produce, daily items and products for COVID-19 prevention or new normal, (iii) Promotion or Communication using promotion mix to support new normal, increase sales and profits (how much, how, how long), provide pre-purchase and post-purchase services, and (iv) Price: at the same price or at lower price.

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Consumer Behavior, Flea Market, Retailing Marketing Strategy

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In this paper, the concept of fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces is introduced. Several characterizations of fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces are given. The conditions under which fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces are obtained. Key Words : Fuzzy dense set, Fuzzy nowhere dense set, Fuzzy rst category set, Fuzzy simply open set, Fuzzy resolvable set, Fuzzy pseudo open set, Fuzzy hyper connected space, Fuzzy strongly irresolvable space, Fuzzy sub maximal space.

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ON FUZZY PSEUDO LINDELOF SPACES

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From the history to make the country stable, peaceful and to protect the human rights, constitutional laws contribute a very necessary role to make the country�s people on right track in the sake of country�s present and future with the recommendations of a constitute assembly and its parliamentary system based on new constitution laws as Article 370. Article 370 which provided the Jammu and Kashmir state �distinct sovereign status� and targeting bifurcate the state into two successors �union territories� with additional limited aboriginal administrative power. This Article being a �temporary provision� is not proficient to abrogate, modify or replaced one snidely. Article 370 has vast literature and history which does not emerges from legal or constitutional dimensions but it has deep rooted political and religious dimension which also impact on the international relation of India and Pakistan, further with UN and USA. The previous generous region�s sovereignty has been anxious since 1947 and its territory is alienated by army �line of control� with Pakistan supervisory about one-third and disputing India�s prerogative over furthermost of the reminder as J&K where China also entitlements some of the region�s land as located near to Ladakh. The United Nation deliberates Jammu and Kashmir to be disputed territory, but New Delhi ,the status quo party, calls the recent legal changes an internal matter and it is usually opposes third �part involvement in the Kashmir issue. In this hypothesis, abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution is taken as an �legal analytical study� where focusing the complex issues and matter of responsibilities in the making of Article 370 and its right implication, Division of States by The Union, Distinct Constitution Position of High Court , Emergency Provisions as Temporary and Transition, Fundamental Rights and Ground Reality Scenarios under The Constitution of Indian and its Problem Solving Skill�s impact on Valley of Kashmir (Jammu- Kashmir and Ladakh ) towards country peace and international relations.

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The Constitution of India, Jammu- Kashmir and Ladakh, Article 370, Temporary Provisions, Ground Reality Scenarios, Union Territories, Human Rights, Legal Analytical Study, Problem Solving Skills, Country Peace And International Relations

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The brutal assault, gang rape and murder of a female in Delhi in December, 2012, by six men, in which one of the accused was seventeen years old juvenile, raised a debate on the age limit of juvenile in India. Under The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children), Act, 2000, the maximum sentence that could be awarded to juvenile was three years of of detention in a remand home, irrespective of the gravity of the offence. This led to tremendous public outcry demanding a change in the juvenile justice laws, lowering the age limit of juveniles, and stricter punishment for juveniles committing grave offences like rape and murder. Justice J.S Verma Committee which was constituted to amend the criminal laws and to examine the deficiencies of existing criminal law regime governing sexual assault against women rejected the demand for lowering the age of juvenile to sixteen. He opined there should be stricter implementation of the 2000 Act and need to need to reform and restructure the existing juvenile justice and welfare system. However the government disregarded these recommendations and to tackle the alarming situation Parliament passed The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015. The basic objective of this Act is to set deterrence standards for juvenile offenders and to protect the rights of the victim. The 2015 Act differentiates between petty, serious, and heinous offences, and proposes to treat juvenile offenders who commit �heinous offences� between the ages of sixteen and eighteen as adults by putting them to trial under the criminal justice system. The main object of this paper is to identify the Reasons as to why a juvenile could commit heinous crimes and to discuss whether reducing the age can result in retributive justice rather than reformative and restorative justice.

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Child, Juvenile Delinquency, Age of Criminal Liability, Reformation theory, Sociological school, Heinous Offences

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In recent trends, the importance of consuming vegetables for the maintenance of normal health is being realized in all parts of the world. Out of nearly 300 commercial cultivated crops in the world, about half were vegetables. Comparatively, vegetables are one of the cheapest sources of natural nutritive foods. Their consumption in sufficient quantity provides taste, palatability and increases appetite. Improved nutrition through increased intake of vegetables will necessitate a considerable increase in the production of vegetables which in turn demands an increase in the area under cultivation and production of vegetables. The increased supply of vegetables brought about through improved techniques will bring down the cost of cultivation. Normally, vegetable crops give higher yield per unit area as compared to cereal crops. Further, increase in vegetable production can provide more farm employment. Marketing behavior of a farmer is influenced by several factors. The study was conducted purposively in Tumakuru district to assess the marketing behaviour of vegetable growers. The total of 100 vegetable growers were formed the sample for the study. The primary data were collected through personal interview method with the help of pre-tested interview schedule which was prepared on the basis of objectives of investigation and variables. The statistical tests and procedures were used for analyzing the data.

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Vegetable production, Commercial cultivation, Vegetable growers, Marketing behavior.

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Instructional supervision is a professional continuous and cooperative process for the improvement of learning and teaching instruction. This study assessed the level of performance of the administrators� duties and responsibilities and its relationship to their level of compliance with the standards for instructional supervision.This paper considers how instructional supervision and support by educational authorities help improve the teaching�learning process and the professional development of school administrators in the secondary public schools in the National Capital Region (Metro Manila, Philippines). To date the research into this field in the Philippine educational system has tended to focus on the mechanics and standards of instructional supervision among school administrators. The paper examines how administrators perform their duties and responsibilities in compliance with the standards for instructional supervision as basis for enhancing instructional supervisory plan. It also investigates how administrators improve the teaching�learning process and provide effective professional development of teachers at public secondary school level. The paper aims to develop and enhance an effective instructional supervisory plan among school heads to support the four (4) key areas of teaching-learning process, the Instructional Support for Teachers� Effectiveness and Efficiency; Teachers Capability Building; Curricular Enhancement; and Assessment of Learning Outcomes. It concludes by recommending various measures for strengthening the efforts of school administrators in the public secondary schools and provide academic and instructional support to teachers and students for quality education.

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Administrators� Performance; Duties and Responsibilities; Instructional Supervision; Enhanced Supervisory Plan; Administrative Supervision ; Teachers� Professional Development

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Nowadays social Interaction between people tells us about the emotional and mental state the person is currently in. Humans tend to exhibit the emotional and mental state through the body and facial expressions. To predict the emotion of a person, the facial expression is majorly considered while body movements are majorly ignored. In most of the cases, body movements/expressions also reveal the emotional and mental state the person is currently in. In Numerous researches/experiments, only facial expressions are considered to predict the emotional state the person is currently in. Humans tend to fake facial expression, while it is difficult to fake the body expression. This proposed project mainly focuses on the body movements to analyze the emotional state rather than concentrating on facial recognition. To recognition this the human activity is identified from the UCI HAR Smartphone dataset. This data has data that was recorded from 30 volunteers with the age difference of 19-48 years and with 561 measurement variables. The human activity thus identified is compared with the 2-D image and the activity is matched with the 2-D image. This process is done to make sure that the activity matches the activity that has been identified from the UCI HAR smartphone dataset. Each activity has many possible positions, these positions/postures related to the activity that has been identified in the smartphone dataset help us in identifying the emotions that a human could possess while doing the activity.

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Human Activity Recognition, Pose Estimation, Emotion Estimation based on Pose

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Na

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In some scenes like smart mobile terminal, low energy consumption and high efficiency are extremely vital in info security. Based on two-factor authentication scheme based on classical encryption algorithms aren't appropriate in some scenes. While it is not suggested, to include users tend to include personal data in their passwords for simple memorization. Password-composition policies are the results of service providers turning into increasingly involved regarding the security of online accounts. These policies limit the space of user-created passwords to preclude simply guessed passwords and so create passwords more difficult for attackers to guess. MasterCard fraud refers to the physical loss of MasterCard or loss of sensitive MasterCard data. Several machine-learning algorithms are often used for detection.

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Passwords,MasterCard

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition