Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The conflict between two competing impulses that exist within all human beings: the instinct to live by rules, act peacefully, follow moral commands, and value the good of the group against the instinct to gratify one's immediate desires, act violently to obtain supremacy over others, and enforce one's will. This conflict might be expressed in a number of ways: civilization vs. savagery, order vs. chaos, reason vs. impulse, law vs. anarchy, or the broader heading of good vs. evil.

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Conflict between Civilization and Savagery in The Lord of the Flies

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The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has undergone numerous socio-political upheavals, including protests, militancy, and infrastructural difficulties, which have profoundly impacted the operation of the education system. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 signifies a crucial advancement in reforming India's education system by fostering fair access, comprehensive development, vocational integration, multilingualism, and technological incorporation in education. The execution of this policy in Jammu and Kashmir poses both opportunities and problems owing to the region's unique socio-economic, topographical, and institutional circumstances. This paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities of NEP 2020 in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital theory. The study utilizes qualitative and quantitative methodologies, relying on primary data obtained from interviews, case studies, observations, and narratives, as well as secondary sources like books, journals, and government publications. The results indicate that variations in cultural capital, digital infrastructure, and socio-economic status substantially affect students' access to educational possibilities. Students from affluent families with enhanced access to resources and technology are more likely to gain from educational reforms, whereas those from economically disadvantaged sectors encounter significant obstacles.

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Predicaments and Prospects of National Education Policy in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Ecofeminism, an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, investigates the interconnected domination of women and nature within patriarchal societies. Literary texts frequently reveal this relationship through narratives that depict gender violence, ecological degradation, and technological domination. The dystopian novel Escape (2008) by Manjula Padmanabhan presents a disturbing vision of a future world in which women have been systematically eliminated and ecological balance has collapsed under the weight of technological excess and authoritarian governance. This paper analyzes Escape from an ecofeminist perspective in order to explore how the novel represents the interconnected oppression of women and nature. Drawing upon ecofeminist theories developed by Carolyn Merchant, Vandana Shiva, and Val Plumwood, the study examines the dystopian landscape of the narrative, the patriarchal erasure of women, the ecological devastation produced by technological domination, and the symbolic resistance embodied by the character of Meiji. The paper argues that Padmanabhan's narrative exposes the destructive consequences of patriarchal domination over both female bodies and natural ecosystems. By portraying a world devoid of women and ecological harmony, the novel functions as a cautionary allegory that addresses contemporary issues such as gender discrimination, declining sex ratios, environmental exploitation, and technological determinism. Ultimately, the study concludes that Escape underscores the urgent need for ecological awareness and gender justice in order to prevent the dystopian future it imagines.

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Ecofeminism; dystopian fiction; patriarchy; ecological crisis; feminist dystopia; gender oppression.

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Women labour in the unorganised sector often belongs to socially marginalized sections. Women have been ill-treated in every society for ages and India is not an exception to this universal problem. Approximately half the population of our country is of the female gender. Irrespective of which protective measures is silent about her. The unorganized sector that holds an inevitably very important place in Indian Economy has been found to be the most vulnerable oppressed and ignored sector in India. It employs about 93% of the work force. Unorganized sector employs a vast majority of women. Though there is advancement in science and technology, the women is lagging behind. This made her to be remaining in the unorganised sector with immense problems. The system of social protection and security is out of the pale of present system partly because of their unorganised character. The provisions regarding the health, safety and welfare for women labours, social security measures brought by Government are not providing much respite to these women workers as these are not having universal application. Hence it is focused that the system and the laws have also to take cognizance of, and these issues need to be scrutinized and think for alternatives or major reformation in the system.

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THE PLIGHT OF WOMEN LABOURS IN THE UNORGANISED SECTOR

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This paper presents a holistic and quantitative evaluation of prominent product management frameworks--Agile, Waterfall, Kanban, and Hybrid--within contemporary software development life cycles. As organizations increasingly transition from project-centric to product-centric delivery models, the selection of an appropriate framework has become a critical determinant of operational efficiency and market performance. Using a proprietary dataset comprising 427 distinct product lifecycle instances collected across multiple industry sectors, this study analyzes framework performance against key indicators, including time-to-market, team velocity, and stakeholder satisfaction. The analysis was conducted using Python, with data preprocessing performed using the Pandas library and exploratory visualization using Matplotlib. The results challenge the prevalent "one-size-fits-all" assumption in product management methodology selection, demonstrating that while Agile frameworks dominate high-uncertainty environments, Hybrid models provide superior risk mitigation and performance stability in regulated and compliance-driven contexts. The findings offer empirical insights into how methodological choices structurally influence cross-functional team performance and product outcomes.

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Agile, Waterfall, Kanban, Hybrid, Velocity

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Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafei: Pioneer of Islamic Literature

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Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafei: Pioneer of Islamic Literature

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This study investigates the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in relation to their mental health status, considering the influence of gender and type of school management. The research objectives include assessing job satisfaction and examining the relationship between job satisfaction and mental health among secondary school teachers. The study comprises a sample of 60 teachers from government, private aided, and unaided schools in Bengaluru City. To measure job satisfaction and mental health, standardized scales such as the Job Satisfaction Scale by Meera Dixit (1993) and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastava (1983) were employed as primary evaluation tools. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. The independent 't'-test was applied to compare job satisfaction and mental health scores among different groups, while correlation analysis was employed to identify relationships between variables. The study utilizes SPSS Package and MS Excel for data analysis, with a predetermined level of significance set at 0.05. The findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics between job satisfaction, mental health, and the influencing factors of gender and school management type among secondary school teachers.

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Job Satisfaction, Mental Health, Secondary School Teachers, Education

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Bhartiya Rashtrvad: Rabindranath Tagore ke vichar

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Bhartiya Rashtrvad: Rabindranath Tagore ke vichar

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Narratives are fundamental to human life as narratives are everywhere performing countless functions in human life such as communicating ideas, thoughts, feeling, emotions and views effectively. The present research paper studies the concept of narrative and the theory of narratology propounded by the prominent theorists of Narratology, in brief, in order to get an extensive understanding of the concept of narrative. The paper also undertakes to study certain formal elements of narrative such as plot, character, point of view, time, setting, theme, language and various kinds of symbolism to enhance the analysis and interpretation of narrative techniques used in a narrative fiction. This paper further critically analyses some popular narrative techniques such as Flashback and Flash-forward, In Media's res, Dream Sequence, Ellipsis (narrative mode), In Cluing, Red herring (narrative) and Stream of Consciousness etc. that have been dominantly employed in English literature.

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Linguistics, Structuralism, Formalism, Postmodernism, Ellipsis, Focalization, In Media's res

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This research paper explores the major transformations in computer hardware technology that have redefined modern computing. Rather than focusing on minor upgrades, it highlights deep structural changes in hardware design, integration, and application across various sectors. The study examines emerging trends such as heterogeneous architectures, quantum computing, neuromorphic systems, and advanced materials. It shows how the focus has shifted from increasing clock speeds to developing specialized, energy-efficient, and more accessible computing solutions. The paper analyzes the impact of these innovations on industries like healthcare, automotive, and cloud computing, while also considering related socioeconomic issues. Overall, the findings reveal a shift toward optimizing hardware for specific workloads, which expands computing capabilities but also introduces new challenges in areas like security, sustainability, and workforce preparedness.

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heterogeneous architecture, quantum computing, neuromorphic systems, cloud computing, socioeconomic issues

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The paper seeks to investigate the literary representations of the subalterns and their fantasy for food in the select short stories of Mahasweta Devi. A close reading of the select short stories of Mahasweta Devi shows that the subaltern characters starve as they are denied food by the elite class. It is also marked that the subaltern characters fantasize about rice throughout their lives. The first part of the paper concentrates on defining the subaltern. The second part intensely analyses the selected short stories to show how the subalterns in Mahasweta Devi's texts are denied rice and how the subaltern characters fantasize about rice.

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Subaltern, Mahasweta Devi, Food, Fantasy, Rice.

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Prayojan mulak hindi:arth,swaroop evam vividh kshetra

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Prayojan mulak hindi:arth,swaroop evam vividh kshetra

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Heavy civil construction projects are becoming increasingly complex and larger in scale, thus requiring modern equipment for accurate monitoring, control, and decision-making. Traditional project management methodologies are, in fact, lacking the required responsiveness and real-time data to quickly respond to issues. By integrating the application of advanced control systems with IoT technologies, a highly prospective solution has developed: that is, real-time project performance dashboards. Such dashboards are now in a position to give up-to-date continuous insight into different aspects of construction activities, including, but not limited to, equipment usage, material flow, labor productivity, environmental conditions, and safety metrics. Now with data collection from IoT sensors through cloud-based processing platforms, stakeholders have immediate visibility of project performance. Integrated control systems are, therefore, useful when collecting data in an efficient manner that has been analyzed and visualized for user access. The proactive nature of the management facilitated by this system provides reassurance, as it ensures timely intervention, improved coordination, and better resource allocation. In addition to these, real-time dashboards help to mitigate risks by identifying delays, safety issues, or inefficiencies before they develop. This paper explains such dashboards' architecture, design principles, and implementation strategies, particularly in how cloud computing, IoT, and automation come together to reinvent the world of managing construction projects. By using case studies and technical analysis, it highlights the practical benefits and challenges of adopting such systems in the heavy civil construction industry. Ultimately, however, research proves that real-time dashboards are indeed critical innovations that promote data-driven decisions while increasing productivity and enhancing overall outcomes in any given construction project.

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Real-Time Monitoring, Construction Project Management, IoT in Construction, Integrated Control Systems, Data Visualization, Project Performance Dashboards, Heavy Civil Construction, Predictive Analytics, Safety Monitoring, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Real-Time Data, Workforce Tracking, Cost Control, Machine Learning, Project Efficiency, Edge Computing, Wireless Communication.

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Globalization is become a crucial part of colonial society. The people travel from one place to another for mean of good life and luxury. The nationality crossed its boundary. Their sovereignty makes the life to think more adaptive. This is leaded to creative form for colonial establishment and hybridity. They travelled with their culture, tradition, religion and origin ness to the new found land. This land is not their mother land but mere communal existence. This is constructed the cultural identity and enhanced the study of third space. This also leads to the clash and identity crises. The proposed research idea analyses the cultural hybridity through social construction. The colony established by many migrants from different places. They travelled with distinct ethnic group. Their cultural preservation sets by both male and female. This projection becomes more essential to understand the postcolonial theory through diaspora. This diasporic study analyses the sense of dislocation felt in an alien nation. Further, it stresses on the struggle for identity, multiculturalism in society, cultural upheavals, and the continuous sense of displacement and disjunction. The writing of those who hail from India showcases the cultures as verminous, miscegenated with and by the cultures they interact with. Out of this dual or split consciousness, dichotomy and hybridity are born. Diaspora writing is the work of exiles or expatriates and immigrants who have practiced unsettlement at every stage. The diasporic world is based on various factors which deal with human survival in post-colonial countries. The post-colonial society is the embodiment of Homi Bhabha's third space, reflecting the slippery slope of acculturation. The author tries to depict the effort taken by people to preserve their own culture in a newfound land, particularly visible through the first-generation migrants who attempt to transfer the same values and virtues to their children and later on to their grandchildren.

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communal existence, alienation, hybridity, in-between ness, colonial power, diaspora.

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Amitav Ghosh, an eminent figure in contemporary Indian-English literature, delves deeply into the complex tapestry of nationhood in his works. His novels explore the intersections of history, culture, and identity, unravelling the multifaceted ways in which nationhood manifests in personal and collective experiences. This paper investigates the theme of nationhood in Ghosh's novels, focusing on The Shadow Lines (1988), The Glass Palace (2000), and the Ibis Trilogy (Sea of Poppies, 2008; River of Smoke, 2011; Flood of Fire, 2015). Through these texts, Ghosh interrogates the concept of borders, colonialism, migration, and cultural hybridity, offering a nuanced perspective on the emotional and intellectual dimensions of belonging to a nation

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nation, history, migration, diaspora, identity

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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the closure of educational institutions and a shift from physical classrooms to virtual classrooms. This study examines the challenges faced by English language teachers in adapting to virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the preparedness of teachers and the strategies they employ to overcome these challenges. The study adopts a qualitative research approach and utilizes open-ended questionnaires, interviews, and documentation as data collection instruments. The paper reveals the challenges experienced by English language teachers, like sudden shift to online teaching, lack of adequate technological infrastructure, digital literacy, engagement and interaction, assessment and feedback, emotional and psychological impact, and hybrid teaching models. Despite these challenges, teachers have implemented various strategies such as using interactive online tools, creating engaging activities, maintaining regular communication with students, and providing additional support. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher adaptability and positive mindset in effectively teaching English in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Challenges, adaptability, English Language Teachers, Online, COVID-19

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Nonlinear equations are integral to a wide range of real-world problems in fields such as physics, engineering, and economics. Solving these equations presents challenges due to the potential for multiple solutions and sensitivity to initial conditions. This paper explores advanced numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations, focusing on Newton's method, the secant method, and homotopy continuation. These methods are evaluated based on their convergence rates, accuracy, and applicability to different types of nonlinear problems. Our findings indicate that while Newton's method offers fast convergence near the solution, its performance can degrade with poor initial guesses. The secant method, which does not require derivative information, provides a robust alternative with slower convergence. Homotopy continuation, though computationally intensive, excels in finding multiple solutions to nonlinear systems. The paper demonstrates that these advanced methods significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of solving nonlinear equations, making them invaluable tools in both theoretical and applied mathematics. Their applications extend to fields such as optimization, cryptography, and engineering, where solving nonlinear systems is crucial.

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Nonlinear equations, Newton's method, secant method, homotopy continuation, numerical analysis, convergence, applications

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This research paper examines employer perspectives in the management sector on incorporating industry-specific knowledge into academic curricula. It analyzes survey data to uncover insights into the alignment of academic programs with industry requirements, emphasizing the need to enhance graduate employability. The study identifies strengths and shortcomings in current educational programs and offers recommendations to bridge the gap between academic preparation and industry expectations, thereby improving workforce readiness.

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Management Graduates, Recruiters Skill Gap, Key Competencies

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This study investigates the practices of classroom interaction in English language teaching at the secondary level, with a specific focus on Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVS) in the Hyderabad region. The research centers on 9th grade students and English teachers, analyzing how various interaction practices impact students' English proficiency and engagement. The study identifies key classroom interaction dimensions, such as teacher-student dialogue, peer collaboration, instructional methods, and feedback mechanisms, to understand their role in enhancing students' language skills and motivation. The findings suggest that purposeful and structured classroom interactions significantly contribute to students' language acquisition and communicative confidence. Insights from this study provide practical recommendations for fostering positive, interactive environments in English language classes to support effective learning outcomes.

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Classroom Interaction, English Language Teaching, Kendriya Vidyalayas, Hyderabad Region, Secondary Education, Teacher-Student Interaction, 9th Class, Language Proficiency.

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