Volume 8 | Issue 5

 Abstract

The world was shaken by the outbreak of the recent disease due to Coronavirus. Death counts of people dying due to the disease, starting with China and spreading to other nations, losing counts; making its management difficult and the people having unavoidable symptoms and a miserable time dealing with the same, COVID-19 has undoubtedly stirred the entire human race, making them scratch their brains hard on how to fight and eradicate the pandemic. This review attempts to give a complete update on the barbaric virus, and how it emerged on to become the global threat that it is after a thorough literature search regarding the concerned topic.

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Coronavirus, COVID-19, MERS, SARS, SARS-CoV-2.

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Background: The study was conducted in a melting and casting foundries located in South India. The studies were conducted in Plant-1 (old) and 2 (new). The various hazards like metallic dusts, fumes, oil mist, silica dust, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide were studied in selected work stations. Aim: This study was initiated to explore and assess the prevailing chemical work environmental factors / hazards in the plant as well as the distribution of these hazards in the plants with two different process and control technologies. It is to assess the quality of the work room air near the ambit of the workers, comparing the measured values with the recommended OELs and recommends engineering and administrative control measures. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 33 Operators working in various hot and peripheral operations in two Casting Plants old and new. Systematic random sampling method was adopted to collect 32 dust samples and 33 fumes, gases, vapours samples. The work exposures were compared for compliance with the occupational standards. Statistical Analysis: Plant wise and operation-wise distribution analysis was done on the compiled data. The data was analyzed by using the IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software statistical tools version-20 and the Mini-Tab Version-16, and the results were tabulated using p<0.05 as statistically significant. Paired t tests, Chi Square tests, Pearson�s correlation and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: The measured data on various chemical work environmental factors were compared with the Threshold Limit Values. Only for dusts and Total fumes in two different plants, Correlation and association analysis is done and it is found to be at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval level. Conclusions and Implications: This study has demonstrated that the chemical work environmental factors were varying based on the operational conditions and variations such as plant load, Plant design, technology change, air movement and other environmental factors. It is concluded that there is a significant level of association (p<0.05) in these two plants with the improved process and control technologies adopted in the new plant than the old plant.

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Industrial hygiene, Chemical Work Environment factor, Threshold Limit Values, Occupational exposure levels

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The main objective of the paper has been to explore health care utilization during pregnancy among a group of Birhor women. A cross sectional study was conducted among 44 Birhor women, who were aged between 15 and 44 years, living in Purulia district of West Bengal. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and utilization of health care services during the period of pregnancy were collected using standard pretested questionnaire. It was observed that 68.2 % of the participants received antenatal care services and all of them received tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and iron tablets, in case of iron tablet, very few of them (22.7%) completed the course of this drug. During antenatal care, about 70.5 % of the participants received supplementary nutrition from Anganwadi Centre. Bivariate analysis (chi square test) did not found any significant association between utilization of antenatal care services and socio-demographic factors. The qualitative data of the present study shows that study participants have alleged that the health care providers are not providing adequate care to them. Finally, study concludes that though a good number of Birhor women had utilized the maternal health care services during their pregnancy, still few of them were unaware about the importance of such services.

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Health care utilization, particularly vulnerable tribal group, Birhor women, West Bengal

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Religion, in its true sense, aims to connect man to the divine or the source. However, this idea is missing when one looks or assesses the various religions in the world. Why is it so? Has it been like this right from the time religion was practised by man? It is in this context that I have attempted to look or assess the meaning of religion as understood by philosophers of the recent past with special emphasis on Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda has shown the way through his understanding of religion as spirituality and his call for a combined knowledge that is spiritual as well as secular. He also recognized the need for the most important ingredients of spirituality, namely, LOVE and SEVA (loosely translated as service). Thus, these recent philosopher have given a new dimension (or brought back the real meaning of the term religion in consonance with its latin origin). Man exhibits the nature of animality and humanity wherein these recent thinkers have emphasised on the other nature, that is, the DIVINITY. This is in accordance with the Vedantic appraisal of manifestation of the real (that is the brahman). The great impact of reassessing religion in terms of spirituality is not merely to take it a transcendent level but also drive home the existential need of being grounded in the society as suggested by Swami Vivekananda or Saint Ramalingam of Tamil Nadu. This is where the transformation of man into the Divine gains significance. Answer to the question how this can be done is given in the paper.

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Philosophy of Religion, Swami Vivekananda, religion, divinity, man, spirituality, love and seva

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, The Indian Railway has witnessed a rapid growth as a result of promotion in tourism, it is a culture, a force, and an integral expression of National solidarity. Indian Railway is India�s national railway system operated by Ministry of Railways. It manages the fourth largest railway network in the world by size with a route length of 67,368 Km. It�s headquarters is at Delhi. Kozhikode Railway Station is the largest railway station in the city of Calicut. It heralds as the only A1 graded station in Palakkad railway division with a daily turnout exceeding 25000 passengers. The Indian Railways is not just a transport system A number of facilities are made available to these passengers. The present study focuses on the awareness, facilities and the satisfaction provided by of Indian Railway.

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Indian Railway, satisfaction

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In this paper we used the data measurements of average hourly and monthly of UV solar radiation during the period time during from 2003 to 2017 at four different selected locations in Saudi Arabia to optimization and evaluation of UVB, UVBest., UVI solar radiation and clearness index KtUVB solar radiation and total ozone column TOC (DU). The average hourly values of UVB transmission are reduced due to the atmosphere as a function of daytime. The effect of the atmosphere on UVB radiation is reflected in the research of its behavior at the Earth�s surface. The high extremely attenuation of UVB solar radiation occur by stratospheric ozone and scattering phenomena. The predicted values of UVB solar radiation are a good agreement with the measured of the UVB solar radiation. The accuracy between measured and predicted values of UVB solar radiation in selected locations in the present research varies from 1.27-3.87%. The maximum values of KtUVB solar radiation occur between Summer and Autumn months, while the minimum values occurs between Winter and Spring months for all locations in the present study. The maximum values of the total ozone column TOC are occur between March and April months at all selected locations with exception Taif site which occur between April and May months, and in whole the highest values of TOC occurs about Spring time in all study locations. The maxiumum values of UVI occurs around the summer and spring months at the selected locations during the period time in the prsent study, while the minumum of UVI occurs around winter and autumn months. The relation between the levels of UVI and solar zenith angle (SZA) at all selected locations in the present research are discussed. The monthly average has a correlation coefficient equal to 72%, 82%, 85% and 83% at Al-Baha, Abha, Jeddah and Taif sites respectively, so the solar zenith angle (SZA) is responsible for variations of UVI by72%, 82%, 85% and 83% at Al-Baha, Abha, Jeddah and Taif locations on the monthly values respectively.

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UV solar radiation; solar zenith angle; correlation coefficient; clearness index.

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: In the recent years, the banking sector has witnessed a large number of mergers and acquisitions. These mergers are carried out with a motive of enhancing performance, sharing resources and eliminating competition. Banks also indulge in mergers and acquisitions to provide for non-performing assets in their organization. Non-performing assets are those that no longer earn income for the bank. Such assets hinder growth and development in the banking structure. In the light of this background, a study on the pre and post-merger performance of ING Vysya Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank has been carried out. The motive behind this study is to understand the impact of the merger on the non-performing assets of the bank. The basic aim of this paper is to understand the background of this merger and to analyze the net NPA to advances ratio of ING Vysya Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank. The scope of this paper is limited to the net NPA to advances ratio and net NPA to total assets ratio that would indicate a change in performance of the bank before and after merger in terms of its non-performing assets. The results of this study indicate a higher and improved performance of the bank after the merger. Thus, there is a significant difference between the pre-merger and post-merger performance of the bank in terms of the net NPA to Advances ratio and net NPA to total assets ratio.

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Merger, Non-performing Assets, Net NPA, Net Advances, Total Assets

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Our venture proposes a made sure about ATM (Automated Teller Machine) framework utilizing a card filtering framework alongside LINK framework for improved security. Common ATM frameworks don't contain the LINK highlight for cash withdrawal. On the off chance that an aggressor figures out how to get hold of ATM card and the pin number, he may effectively utilize it to pull back cash deceitful. So our proposed framework bolsters the ATM card filtering framework alongside a LINK framework. This client may filter his card and login to the framework. In any case, after client is through with this confirmation he may see subtleties yet is approached to enter LINK when he clicks cash withdrawal alternative. At this stage the framework produces and sends a LINK to the enrolled portable number to that specific client. The secret phrase is produced advertisement sent to the client cell phone. He now needs to enter the LINK in the framework so as to pull back cash. In this way our framework gives an absolutely secure approach to perform ATM exchanges with two level security structure.

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IOT,RFID tag and reader, ATM link

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The Berberry or Berberis Vulgaris , are has a place with the Berberidaceae family which is red shaded organic products developing in the Europe and Asia. These kind of natural products that ought to be contains fixings, for example, berberine , berbamine , palmatine , oxycanthine, malic corrosive berberubin. The fundamental exacerbate that ought to be found including to the plant of berberry are berberine and berbamine. Counting to the phytochemical investigation of major types of this variety uncovered the nearness of alkaloid tannins phenolic compound , sterol and triterpenes Including to the class of the berberis around 500 species overall , some of plants which are generally developed in the way of north eastern areas of Iran. The development procedure of seedless berberine in the south zone returns to 200 years back. The restorative or therapeutic advantages for all pieces of the berberry have been accounted for. As per writing audit its additionally used to treatment of thyroid, glucose, irritation and the atherogenesis, nephroprotective action. Its likewise dependable to controlling the cholesterol level,cure of bacterial movement. Used to Observations of compound movement information. The berberine is an isoquinolines alkaloids that ought to be utilized as the treatment of heart and liver infection and confusion. . The remedial or restorative advantages for all pieces of the berberry have been accounted for. The principle exacerbate that ought to be found including to the plant of berberry are berberine and berbamine. The sources of future result its ought to be helps for the most part the prevention of cancer action and treatment of liver illnesses.

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Berberis vulgaris, Berberine, Liver illness, Pharmacological action, Therapeutic uses.

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Absenteeism in Indian industries has become usual phenomenon. It is a vital issue that requires immediate attention by both employers and employees. Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation. It�s a mistake to think that absenteeism is always a product of laziness or employees who try to get out of work whenever they can. This paper attempts to spotlight various causes of absenteeism ranging from personal issues to poor work environment , occupational diseases, poor production planning (flow of work), bad working conditions and inadequate welfare conditions, lack of trained laborers, insecurity in employment, collective bargaining process, rigid control system, lack of supervisory support, lack of interest, lack of cohesive and cordial culture and so on. This research also highlights the ways to reduce the absenteeism of the employees in the Indian Industry.

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Employee, Absenteeism, Causes, Indian Industries

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Stable and constant economic development of a nation is always depends upon entrepreneurship development in the country. An entrepreneur is a person, who provides something new to the economy. New and new entrepreneurs will decide the future development of a nation. The determinants and pattern of entrepreneurial culture is directly linked to the government poliies, the social support system and the quality of education prevailing in a country.So under this situation it is necessary to identify the attitude of college students towards entrepreneurship among arts and Science College.

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entrepreneurship. students.

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The Automobile Industry has shown the keen significance for substitution of steel leaf spring with that of glass fiber composite leaf spring since the composite material has a high strength to weight proportion, good corrosion resistance, and tailor-able properties. The present examination looks the new material for leaf spring and it was selected as glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and the polyester resin (NETPOL 1011) is used against conventional steel. A spring with constant width and thickness was manufactured by hand lay-up method which was exceptionally basic and efficient. The numerical investigation is conveyed by means of finite element analysis utilising HYPERMESH software.. Stresses and deflection results for both steel and composite leaf spring material were acquired. The outcome demonstrates that the composite spring has a greatest deflection than steel leaf spring and the heaviness of composite spring was almost diminished up to 85% contrasted with steel material. This paper describes the design and FEA analysis of composite leaf spring made of glass fiber reinforced polymer. The elements of a current customary steel leaf spring of a light business vehicle are taken for assessment of results

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: steel leaf spring, composite leaf spring, GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic), FEA (Finite Element Analysis),

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Background- COVID-19 has spread worldwide and follows a growth depending upon policy and socioeconomic indicators. In India COVID-19 has been localized & measured viral disease, as per the early data till 18th April. It is interesting and informative to look at various associations. Up till April 18th new cases per day in India were less than 1000. Objective- What are the socioeconomic correlates with COVID-19 data? Materials and methods- Data was extracted from national repositories and correlations were checked using SPSS16.0 for windows. Results- Places with generally better medical facilities, have a cluster of cases distributed unevenly and are traceable. Larger areas of states have less of the patients (r=-.458*). More populous states have less cases (r=-.551*). This may be due to extensive, early & nationwide lockdown declared by government of India. Better agriculture gains are correlated positively with cured/discharged cases (rho=+369*). Better infrastructure in the form of highway length of states may cause clustering (r=.379*) of fatalities due to more care facilities of COVID-19 . Conclusion- These trends of localized spread are reported till during intermission of phase II of local transmission and phase III of community transmission, dated till April 18th. This trend may change later during the end phase of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Opening of lockdown in a graded & controlled manner shall we observed considering for these correlations.

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Socioeconomic indicators, COVID-19, Indian states.

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The history of the parliament in Afghanistan dates back to the first decade of the current solar century or the reign of Amanullah Khan. During this period, which coincided with the end of World War I and the formation of national governments, especially in Europe and the spread of democracy, Afghanistan, along with some other Islamic countries, took steps in this direction and established aw council that became a parliament in the following years. The study looked at the history of parliament in Afghanistan to find out what developments are taking place in the context of history. The extent to which the policy in Afghanistan has affected the constitution, especially the structure and functions of parliament, and the extent to which the current Afghan parliament, which was established under the 1382 constitution, has been affected by these laws. This research is developmental research and has been done using library methods. The present study showed that during the monarchy, the process of strengthening the parliament and the role of the people through the parliament in the form of parliament was progressing by the constitution and with the coup of 1352, the regression process began again, and by the end of the Taliban era, we had witnessed lack of the parliament in the political and legal affairs of the country, and it was crystallized only within the context of the constitutional laws of the parliament. With the defeat of the Taliban and the coming to power of the new regime, we are witnessing the strengthening of the parliament and the increase of the people's role in social change from the perspective of the constitution, and the parliament on which it is based.

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Constitution, Regulations, Principles, Parliament, Monarchy, Republic.

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Celiac is an autoimmune disorder. In recent years it has become a major public health problem. Worldwide one percent of people are affected by celiac, the count seems to be increasing every year. In India the progression of celiac is increasing day by day. In the present study, gluten and lactose free muffin was developed using locally available ingredients such as ragi flour, chickpea, banana and coconut milk. The muffins were formulated in three different proportions of ragi flour and chickpea flour labelled as sample T1 (80:20), T2 (60:40), T3 (50:50), whereas control muffin contains 100% of wheat flour. Developed product was analysed for sensory attributes using 9-point hedonic scale. The sample T1 has low acceptability score when compare to other samples. The most acceptable ratio analysed for physical characteristics such as weight, volume, specific volume, texture profile analysis and colour analysis. The weight of the muffin T3 was more� when compare to other samples. When compared to control muffin sample T2 has nearest value in both volume and specific volume. Sample T0 texture profile was most acceptable followed by sample T2 and T3. Colour of the experimental muffin was darker than control muffin. The final product cost was also calculated. The major concern of the present study was to improve the nutrient dense, and develop cost effective product also to add variety among people following special diet. The developed product is recommended for general population as well as populace with diabetic, cardiac and weight management programme.

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Celiac, Gluten, Lactose and Muffin.

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Background: The study was conducted at a Producer Gas Plant � old and new plants located in a giant public sector company. The various hazards like coal dust, carbon monoxide and the noise levels were studied in selected work stations. Aim: The object of this study is to identify and assess the prevailing occupational hazards in the plant. It is to assess the work room air and near the ambit of the workers, comparing the measured values with the recommended OELs and recommends engineering and administrative control measures and to assess the effectiveness of the implemented engineering measures. Materials and Methods: Employees of various levels were included in the sampling procedure. The follow up studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended implementations by assessing the work exposures in both the plants. Statistical Analysis: Plant wise distribution analysis was done on the compiled database. The statistical tools IBM SPSS version-20 and the Mini-Tab Version-16 were used for the analysis of the data. One way ANOVA F Test and Paired t test were done to assess the effectiveness and the significance. Results: About 40 samples were collected with the 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval level. Three work environmental factors were analyzed for the influence of risk to employees. The effectiveness of the measures was determined. Conclusions and Implications: This study has demonstrated that the work environmental factors were varying based on the operational variations such as plant load, air movement and other environmental factors and recommendations were given to mitigate those predominant factors to the management. It is concluded that there is a significant level of effectiveness (p<0.05) in the implemented control measures at by measuring the quantitative exposures to the pollutants in the work room air.

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Industrial hygiene, Work Environment factor, Occupational hazards, Occupational exposure leve

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Industrialization involving construction of infrastructure and other amenities. In view of this, people have started for suitable other visible alternative material for concrete so that the existing resources could be to the possible extent, for the future generation. The propose of research is to study the STRENGTH OF CONCRETE using the waste of CRUSHED GLASS AND M SAND as Fine aggregate, to replace some portion in different percentage of coarse aggregates. The wastage of Crushed glass and M-Sand replaced as Fine aggregate 10% to 50 % by weight. This concrete will undergo various test after 7 days & 28 days and results are compared to the strength of conventional concrete, to determine the effective mix proportion. To utilize the waste material in construction process also to minimize the cost of construction and this may adopt for new proposed construction. It will give new platform in future construction.

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Replacement of Fine aggregates in Concrete, Utilize waste material in Construction, Reduce the Construction cost.

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Clean air is the foremost requirement to sustain healthy lives of mankind and those of the supporting ecosystem which is turn effect wellbeing. Release of particulate matter and various gaseous emissions has been on rise due to rampant industrialized growth. The ambient air quality is being deteriorated day by day due to various natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The pollutant data (RSPM, PM 2.5, NO2 and SO2 ) from State Pollution Control Board for period June 2017 to May 2018 has been used for this study . The study reveal that sampling site with heavy traffic density/load recorded the higher concentrations of RSPM, PM 2.5, NO2 and SO2 in all the seasons. Higher concentration of RSPM (178.0 �g/m3 ) and PM 2.5 (51.2 �g/m3) were observed in summer season at all the sites whereas striking feature of higher concentrations observed in case of gaseous pollutant NO2 (24.6 �g/m3) and SO2 (5.1 �g/m3) in winter season at all the sites. Lowest concentrations of all the pollutants observed in Monsoon season at all the sites. Factor analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis for all the four pollutants. The major sources identified in the study which were responsible for the higher concentration of pollutants are Vehicular emission (from petrol and diesel driven vehicles) and crustal re-suspension. Some contributions are from wood and leaf burning and coal combustion.

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Ambient air quality, RSPM, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) &Principal Component Analysis.

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This paper unfolds the design of a low cost portable IoT controlled electro-mechanical ventilator. The specialty of this system is we can provide artificial respiration for single or dual ways to the patients at a time through this single system. The designed system consist of a microprocessor which is the main part of our system, OLED screen, battery pack for power back up, pressure controller, I-E controller(Inspiration and expiration controller),alarm, stepper motor, motor driver, dual and single selection mode feature selection through mode selection mechanism.

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Ventilator, breathing, Ambu bag, IoT, dual mechanism, portable, stepper motor

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Learning a second language helps to communicate across cultures. In India, English is the second language for many who speak more than one language. As far as India is considered, English is the second language and the second language learners are referred as L2 learners. The L2 learners of today are different. They have grown up with information technology. New technological devices have entered into the teaching and learning avenues and have brought in a lot of changes. Digital technology has changed the way of communication. The learner society is imbibed with digital devices and technological advances. They tend to be digitally literate. So, the teachers have to follow the digital path to teach English language and to enhance the grammatical learning of the L2 learners. The teachers, in other words, facilitators have tuned themselves up to the expectations of the learners

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second language, L2 learners, facilitators, digitally literate, digital path, grammar learning.

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