Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Access to government welfare schemes is often hindered by a lack of awareness, complex eligibility criteria, and limited digital access, especially among marginalized communities. This project presents a user-friendly, intelligent software solution designed to bridge the gap between citizens and welfare schemes. The system maps relevant government schemes to beneficiaries based on socio-economic parameters such as income, education, and occupation.Utilizing a rule-based machine learning model, the system analyzes user data to recommend the most suitable schemes in real-time. The platform includes secure role-based authentication, allowing both users and administrators to interact with the system efficiently. Citizens can register, view eligible schemes, and submit grievances, while administrators can manage scheme data and respond to complaints through a dedicated dashboard.The solution ensures a citizen-centric design with a focus on accessibility, transparency, and accountability. By streamlining scheme access and grievance redressal, the project aims to improve the effectiveness of government welfare distribution and empower users with timely, personalized support.

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Rule-based Model, Scheme Eligibility, Role-based Access Control

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Background -Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide, significantly affecting the Daily life and individual's functional capacity especially within the adult population. It is a leading cause of disability, absenteeism from work, and healthcare utilization. Conventional management often includes analgesics, physiotherapy, and sometimes invasive interventions, which may offer only temporary relief or come with potential side effects. In recent years, there has been growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine approaches, such as homoeopathy, for managing chronic pain conditions like LBP. Homoeopathy is a holistic system of medicine that emphasizes individualized treatment based on the totality of symptoms and the unique constitution of the patient. Individualized homoeopathic medicine aims not only to alleviate physical symptoms but also to address underlying emotional or psychological factors that may contribute to pain perception. This case series study was conducted with 30 cases of lower back pain, selected through stratified random sampling from the OPD/IPD of a homoeopathic medical college and hospital, peripheral OPDs, etc. Each case was assessed and treated with individualized homoeopathic remedies. The use of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), a simple and reliable tool, allows for objective assessment of pain intensity and helps evaluate treatment outcomes. Out of the 30 patients, 24 (80%) showed significant reduction in NPRS scores following individualized homoeopathic treatment indicating an improvement in lower back pain and overall wellbeing. However, 6 patients (20%) did not show any significant improvement in their lower back pain despite receiving individualized homeopathic treatment. This case series study demonstrates that individualized homeopathic medicine may play a significant role in the treatment of low back pain.

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Low back pain, Homoeopathy, individualized remedies, Homoeopathic treatment, case series study.

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Audio deepfakes are artificially generated voice recordings created using advanced machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models. These deepfakes can convincingly mimic real human voices, posing a significant threat to security, media, and privacy. Detecting these fake audio recordings has become a critical area of research. This review examines various techniques developed for audio deepfake detection, focusing on feature extraction, classification models, and the datasets used for training and evaluation. We analyze the performance of different systems, highlighting challenges in detecting deepfakes across diverse contexts, such as different voices, languages, and recording conditions. Key findings show that while deep learning models like CNNs and RNNs have made significant progress, many systems still struggle with generalization and robustness against real-world noise. We also identify critical gaps, such as the need for larger, more diverse datasets and improved interpretability in detection models. Finally, we suggest future research directions, including hybrid models and real-time detection systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of audio deepfake detection and its challenges.

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 Keywords

Audio Deepfakes, Deepfake Detection, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Feature Extraction, Synthetic Speech, Speech Authentication, CNN, LSTM, GAN, SVM.

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Dowry is the money, goods or estate that a woman brings to a marriage. A major legislative move to end the long-standing custom of dowries in India was the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961. The reality on the ground shows a sharp difference, with the custom enduring across socioeconomic strata despite its explicit ban on providing or receiving dowries. Reports of dower-related violence, harassment, and fatalities are still coming in, underscoring the difficulties in properly implementing the rule. Meaningful change is impeded by societal norms, patriarchal mindsets, and legislative implementation flaws. Although the law's scope has been broadened by modifications and court rulings, including provisions under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and Section 498A (Section 86 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita) of the Indian Penal Code, enforcement of the law is still uneven. The discussion is made more difficult by the mounting controversy over the abuse of these laws. This paper examines the gap between legislation and reality in India's efforts to abolish dowry. It underscores the need for comprehensive reform that includes stronger enforcement, social awareness campaigns, and empowerment of women through education and economic independence. Without a multi-pronged approach that challenges both legal and cultural barriers, the goal of eradicating dowry from Indian society will remain elusive. The fight against dowry requires not only legal tools but also a transformation of societal values and gender relations. This abstract looks at the discrepancy between Indian initiatives to outlaw dowries and their actual implementation. It emphasises the necessity of all-encompassing reform, which should include more robust enforcement, social awareness initiatives, and the empowering of women via economic independence and education. Eliminating dowries from Indian society will not be possible without a multifaceted strategy that tackles both legal and cultural obstacles. In addition to legislative measures, the battle against dowries also calls for a change in gender roles and societal norms.

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1. Dowry Prohibition Act 2. Social reform 3. Gender inequality 4.Patriarchy 5. Legal enforcement

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Article 21 of the Article, Indian Constitution, protects life and personal liberty and, is a very important part of the criminal justice system and the right to a speedy trial is protected under the article 21. In light of the above, this article explores the crucial role that speedy trials play to ensure that the public continues to have faith in the judicial system by avoiding any breaches in their faith due to unnecessary delays. It is explored on the basis of the legal and constitutional frames work by means of which such right can maintained such as sections like 309, 436A, 167, 173 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and this can be seen in great judgement's like Hussainara khatoon v. State of Bihar, A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Nayak.Further, it discusses the reformative measures taken for improving judicial efficiency including Fast Track Courts, e-Courts, and alternative methods of conflict resolution. The conclusion of the article states that the judiciary has an obligation to play their moral, constitutional and axe fight to eliminate the saying 'justice delayed is justice denied' and do investment and accountability to ensure prompt justice to everybody now and in the future.

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Speedy trial, Article 21 (Indian Constitution), Criminal justice system, Right to life and personal liberty, Judicial delay, Under-trial prisoners, Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), Legal aid, Fast Track Courts (FTCs), e-Courts, Plea bargaining, Lok Adalats, Supreme Court rulings, Judicial reforms, Forensic delay, Case backlog, Justice delivery system.

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The Smart Parking System using Arduino Uno is a compact and efficient solution designed to address the growing parking challenges in urban areas. This system utilizes the Arduino Uno microcontroller as its core component, integrated with IR sensors, a servo motor, and an LCD display to automate parking slot detection and gate operations. The system operates by detecting vehicle presence at the entry and exit points using IR sensors, updating slot availability in real time on an LCD display, and controlling the entry and exit gates through a servo motor. This setup ensures seamless vehicle flow and reduces manual intervention, making it ideal for small and medium-sized parking lots. The proposed system overcomes limitations such as difficulty in finding available parking, traffic congestion, lack of automation and inefficient use of space through automated slot detection, cost-effective design, simplified setup and seamless integration with automated gate control via a servo motor and real-time display of slot status on an LCD, the system provides an efficient and user-friendly experience.

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Arduino Uno, I2C, Servo Motor, IR Sensor

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This research paper investigates the significance and application of ratio analysis as a critical tool for evaluating financial performance and decision-making within organizations. Ratio analysis involves the systematic calculation and interpretation of key financial ratios, derived from a company's financial statements, to assess various aspects such as profitability, liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency. The paper explores the different types of ratios--such as profitability ratios (e.g., Return on Assets), liquidity ratios (e.g., Current Ratio), and solvency ratios (e.g., Debt-to-Equity Ratio)--and their role in providing insights into an organization's financial health. It also highlights the limitations of ratio analysis, including its reliance on historical data and its potential to offer misleading conclusions if used in isolation. The research draws on empirical data from multiple industries, illustrating how ratio analysis can be used to benchmark a company's performance against industry averages or competitors. Furthermore, the study explores the evolving role of ratio analysis in the context of emerging technologies such as machine learning and big data analytics, which promise to refine financial evaluation methods. The paper concludes by recommending best practices for integrating ratio analysis into a comprehensive financial strategy, emphasizing its importance as a decision-support tool for investors, managers, and financial analysts.

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Financial Ratio Analysis, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Efficiency Ratios, Profitability Ratios, Financial Statement Analysis, Business Decision-Making, Performance Evaluation.

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Mebeverine Hydrochloride, Mucoadhesive, Antispasmodic.

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Secure online registration, video constant verification, digital Signature Auhentication, AI-based Sentiment Analysis. Voluntary Participaion, Faceless Registration, Biomeric Verifiction, Consent Management, Liveness Detection, Non-Repudiation.

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The agricultural sector has witnessed remarkable progress in sustainability through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). This article explores a cutting-edge smart agriculture system powered by AI and IoT technologies. This paper presents an IoT and AI-driven smart agriculture system that monitors environmental parameters, automates irrigation, and predicts optimal crops using machine learning (ML). The system collects real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, humidity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, pH value, and rainfall to enhance agricultural productivity. A web-based interface, developed using Django, provides insights into the collected data. The implementation utilizes AWS Relational Database Service (RDS) for real-time data storage and processing. The results demonstrate efficient resource management and increased agricultural productivity. The proposed system minimizes water wastage, optimizes fertilizer usage, and improves yield prediction accuracy, thereby contributing to sustainable farming practices. The integration of cloud computing ensures seamless data accessibility and enhances decision-making capabilities.

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Smart Agriculture, IoT, AI, AWS, Machine Learning, Sustainable Farming, Precision Agriculture.

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The research examines how digital marketing affects consumer buying behavior in Tirupur City. Businesses are using more and more online platforms like social media, search engines, and email campaigns to connect with consumers in the fast growth of digital technology. The study seeks to clarify how consumer knowledge, option, confidence, and buying behavior are impacted by digital marketing methods. Structured questionnaires gathered fresh data from 125 respondents using a convenience sampling technique. The research used simple percentage analysis, Likert scale, and chi-square analysis to appraise consumer behavior and attitudes. Driven by personalized content, product reviews, and social media engagement, the results show a strong link between consumers' tendency toward online buying and digital marketing initiatives. The study highlights the need of companies to change their digital marketing approach to match changing consumer expectations and hence to improve online interaction, trust and purchase conversion.

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Digital marketing, consumer buying behavior, consumer awareness, online shopping, marketing strategies.

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This project focuses on creating a robust corporate security framework to protect sensitive data and intellectual property. Using a multi-layered approach, it integrates advanced cybersecurity technologies, stringent access controls, and continuous monitoring to defend against internal and external threats [10]. A key component is a risk management strategy to identify and address vulnerabilities in corporate networks, cloud systems, and endpoint devices. [9] Employee training and awareness are also emphasized, acknowledging the importance of human factors in maintaining security. [15] The project delivers a resilient and adaptive security posture, ensuring long-term protection of corporate assets and data integrity against evolving cybersecurity threats.[9]

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Corporate Security Framework, Sensitive Data, Intellectual Property, Cybersecurity Technologies, Access Controls, Continuous Monitoring, Risk Management, Cloud Infrastructures, Employee Awareness, Data Integrity

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Term Shalakya tantra is derived from word Shalaka which means Probe.Shalakya Tantra is a branch of Ayurveda that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, and throat by using yantra Shalaka. It's also known as Urdhwanga chikitsa.In recent era Shalakya Tantra is present in a scattered manner. It is an important branch of Ayurveda. To get maximum knowledge and practice about Shalakya Tantra, we are depending on other treatises of Ayurveda. To collect every topic related to Shalakya Tantra is a difficult and herculean task. Scattered study matter is useless in progress of our branches of Ayurveda and so for Shalakya Tantra. If we go through treatises of Ayurveda we found that similar topics are present in various treatises of Ayurveda. Shalakya Tantra is concerned with preventing contagious diseases and promoting health.It Includes the Ophthalmology the study of eye disease ,Otorhino-laryngology the study of ear, nose, and throat diseases,Oro-dental the study of dental diseases.For a new research it is necessary to know what has happened and what to do. So in this article it is our effort to bring in light knowledge about Shalakya Tantra as mentioned by Acharya Vagbhata in Ashtanga Sangraha.

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Shalakya Tantra, Ashtanga Sangraha, Roga, Lakshana, Chikitsa.

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Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering Immunoglobulin E-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms-rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can also be associated with co-morbid conditions as Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis & Nasal polyps. Around 20-30 % of the Indian population suffers from allergic rhinitis and that 15 % develop asthma. While conventional treatments focus primarily on symptom suppression through anti-allergic medicines, these methods may come with side effects and do not always offer long-term relief. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized homeopathic treatment in managing Allergic rhinitis. A total of 30 cases diagnosed with Allergic rhinitis were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. 15 participants were treated on the basis of homeopathic constitutional treatment and 15 participants treated with allopathic treatment. The study was conducted over a defined treatment period, with regular follow-ups to assess changes in the intensity and frequency of allergic rhinitis. Out of the 30 cases, 19 showed marked improvement in both emotional and physical symptoms, while 11 cases remained unimproved. 13 cases are solved with unique, characteristics symptom similarity homeopathic medicines and only 6 cases are improved with allopathic medicines. The results demonstrated a high success rate, indicating that homeopathy may offer a safe, effective, and holistic approach to managing allergic rhinitis. The individualized nature of the treatment appeared to play a key role in addressing the root causes of the condition rather than merely suppressing symptoms. These findings support the potential of homeopathy as a reliable alternative in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. . Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to validate these results and explore the scope of homeopathy in health care.

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Allergic Rhinitis, Homeopathy, Individualized Treatment, allopathic treatment Case Series, Holistic Medicine.

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This study explores the evolving landscape of supermarket retailing with a focus on the home delivery services offered by DevaPaul Supermarket in Coimbatore. With the rapid advancements in technology and changing consumer lifestyles, home delivery has emerged as a crucial component of modern marketing strategies. The study aims to understand customer perceptions, identify key influencing factors, and assess satisfaction levels regarding these services. We collected data from 120 respondents through structured questionnaires, utilizing a descriptive research methodology. The analysis employs tools such as chi-square, and t-tests to interpret customer preferences and the challenges they face. Findings reveal that convenience, cost, product quality, delivery time, and flexible delivery slots are significant drivers of customer satisfaction. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance customer experience through personalized marketing, improved customer support, and technological innovations in delivery systems.

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Home delivery, Supermarket, Customers' Perception

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This paper explores how algebraic structures aid in solving equations, highlighting their theory, methods, and modern applications in cryptography, quantum mechanics, and computational algebra.

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Algebraic structures Groups Rings Fields Vector spaces Equation solving Polynomial equations Linear systems Differential equations Symmetry Group theory Factorization Ring theory Dimensional analysis Cryptography Quantum mechanics Computational algebra Theoretical underpinnings Practical implementations Applications

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This paper explores how food acts as a medium for personal experiences, social dynamics, cultural identity and societal issues. By analyzing selected novels of Easterine Kire and Mamang Dai, the study highlights the ways in which food transcends its literal meaning, playing a crucial role in character development and the evocation of a sense of place. This paper draws upon various frameworks including food as a symbol of community and belonging, contrast between tradition and modernity, spiritual significance and others to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex intersections between food and culture in the literature of Northeast India.

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Food culture, Nostalgia, Identity, Ethnicity, Tradition, Source of Healing

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National Eligibility test (NET) is the eligibility test conducted to determine a candidate's eligibility for the post of Assistant professor in colleges and universities conducted by National Testing agency. Junior research fellowships (JRF) for candidates scoring 60% and a mandatory exam to crack for the candidates who wish to pursue their Ph.D. NET is a standardised and one of the toughest Exams to crack in India, with 1st paper being general to all subject candidates and second paper being specific to their respective subjects proven to be mandatory for higher education and for securing Jobs with an added advantage of promising good salary. This article focuses mainly on how useful is NET in an individual's cognitive development, does it help in providing an individual who is taking this exam in shaping their critical thinking and building the skills like analytical abilities, critical thinking, ethical awareness etc. This article aims at discussing both pros and cons of the same with taking in consideration the survey of the audience who are qualified for the NET exam and also includes the audiences who are preparing for the exam, in the process to clear the exam. NET dates back to 1980-90. From late 90s to till date, three and a half decades and exam after exam NET is known to bring the quality students to bring changes in the quality of teachers and assistant professors who will in turn try to bring the quality students encouraging them to strive to do good research and yield quality outcomes and promote them for higher education. Few believe it to be competitive, knowledge enhancer, seen as career opportunity which opens your door straight to jobs thus fulfilling your dreams by giving academic recognition.

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Key words: Critical thinking, cognitive development, analytical skills,

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Hair is considered as a sign of beauty in almost every culture. Hair loss is often distressing and can have a significant effect on the patient's quality of life. Almost every person suffers from hair loss some or other time in their life it can be a source of immense psychological distress and emotional turbulence. The physician can play a major role in assessment and treating hair problems if they have the basic knowledge about the common causes of hair disorders. Objective: To find reduction in hair fall. To study the effectiveness of local application of Arnica Montana mother tincture along with Homeopathic Individualized medicine. To study the effectiveness of local application of Wiesbaden mother tincture along with Homeopathic Individualized medicine. Method: A comparative study of effectiveness between external application of Arnica Montana Q and Wiesbaden Q along with Individualized Homeopathic medicine for Telogen effluvium in females. Study Design: Non-Randomization comparative study Study Setting: collage opd, Nasik Sample Size: 30 cases Sampling Technique: Total 30 samples with complaints of .selected by Simple Random Sampling Technique. Result: Reduction of hair fall was observed according to Pull test i.e. improved patients were 21, Not Improved patients were 9. Conclusion: thus, in our study, we conclude that significant improvement is seen in both the groups. Group a, individualized homeopathic medicine along with arnica Montana q, and group b, individualized homeopathic medicine along with Wiesbaden q, were effective in treating telogen effluvium.

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Telogen effluvium, homoeopathy, individualized treatment, comparative study

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This paper examines the changing role of AI in predictive analytics for financial forecasting and its impact on business decision-making through increasing use. Machine learning and data modeling technologies from AI, among others, not only enhance forecast accuracy but also facilitate faster, more data-based financial plans. One of the greatest advantages of AI in this context is that it can manage large amounts of data and identify hidden patterns. For instance, firms can better forecast sales trends, customer patterns, or fluctuations in cash flow. Although conventional techniques depended great deal on past data and manual analysis, AI brings speed, accuracy, and responsiveness. This change is transforming the way finance professionals engage with their profession, leading towards strategic thinking and innovation. Therefore, organizations adopting AI in financial forecasting develop a competitive advantage, enhancing operational effectiveness as well as long-term financial planning.

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Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analysis, Fore Casting, Machine Learning, Financial Planning, Decision Making.

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