Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The growing imperative for secure and private communication within digital ecosystems has driven the emergence of decentralized architectures that safeguard sensitive information. This study outlines the architecture and deployment of a blockchain-based decentralized communication platform engineered for confidential messaging. By employing distributed ledger technology, the framework ensures data integrity and transaction transparency while maintaining participant anonymity through cryptographic methods. Advanced encryption methods are employed to protect the content of messages during transmission. The system addresses the stringent security demands of corporate entities, legal institutions, and organizations managing privileged messages through automated protocol enforcement. Smart contracts operationalize governance parameters, ensuring adherence to regulatory frameworks and procedural standards. This research advances contemporary discourse on secure digital interaction models while establishing foundational principles for subsequent developments in decentralized information ecosystems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Decentralised Chat Application, Ethereum, Solidity, Web3

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The housing sector is one of the key indicators of economic progress of a nation. An amount spent in this sector will create a multiplier effect on various aspects of the economy giving further boost to economic growth. While considering the basic needs of a population, housing ranks second in its importance. Therefore, it is considered as basic human right in a democratic country like India. A good house and a better environment will make a person worthy citizen, contributing much towards healthy growth of the society. Every authority should ensure sufficient provision of funds for fulfilling this dream. Both nationally and internationally, fulfilling the requirements of adequate housing is considered as a right to all. The central and state government have made active contribution towards the development of housing sector. The government initially played the role of a provider. But with the realization of the fact that the demand in housing sector is increasing at a higher pace rate, government allowed more and more players to enter this sector. Rapid urbanisation has further created an impetus to the housing sector. On the other side increasing property price and lack of sufficient funds act as a hindrance for many for fulfilling their dream. Increasing demand coupled with insufficient supply have further alleviated the problem of housing. The provision of funds provided by government is not sufficient to meet the housing finance requirements. So, the government has shifted role from provider to facilitator. Liberalization policy adopted by the government has made a favourable atmosphere for private sector institutions to enter the field of housing. So, in addition to government agencies, other non-government agencies started playing a key role in this sector. On the other side, besides encouraging other major players to enter the market, government always has taken keen interest in creating a favourable atmosphere for housing providers and borrowers.In a developing state like Kerala, adequate housing is an essential requirement. Due to the favourable atmosphere, growing industrial background, emergence of so many industries, most of place getting metropolitan and the wish to stay near city have attracted many people to the state of Kerala. So, housing finance has been playing a key role in realizing the dream of owning a shelter in Kerala. The commercial banks and HFCs from both public and private sector are playing a lead role in meeting these demands. So, study aims to find out how far the customers are availing the services of institutions in both sector and in this competitive situation how far each institution can meet the challenge of persuading the borrowers to avail their loan products compared to others. With the emergence of private sector, the public sector institutions are facing stiff competition, as private sectors are always offering additional benefits in relation with others. So, the study aims to find what is the role of public and private sector in meeting the demand of various sections of the society.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HOUSING ,HOUSING FINANCE

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

very strong and goal-oriented Professional Sales Representative with significant background in establishing and maintaining excellent customer relationships, sourcing business opportunities, and meeting sales quotas. Prized for first-rate communication, product expertise, and customer service orientation, this professional is at his best at negotiating and finalizing sales agreements while providing first-rate customer care on a continuous basis. Skilled in applying a range of sales methods and tools, such as CRM systems, to drive sales performance and build long-term customer relationships. With a history of success across both B2B and B2C markets, this professional excels in fast-paced, high-stress environments, constantly looking to push beyond expectations and drive organizational growth and profitability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prospecting, Product Presentation,Negotiation & Closing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The accurate extraction of moving objects from video sequences remains a critical challenge in computer vision, particularly for applications such as video surveillance, traffic monitoring, and human activity recognition. Traditional background subtraction techniques often falter in complex environments, while edge-based approaches lack semantic context. This paper introduces a hybrid framework integrating adaptive background subtraction with contour detection to enhance accuracy and robustness. Evaluated across benchmark datasets (PETS2009, CDnet2014) and a custom surveillance set, our method demonstrates superior performance in precision, recall, and computational efficiency compared to baseline techniques. Results indicate this approach is highly suitable for real-time object detection in resource-constrained environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Contour Detection, Background Subtraction, Video Processing, Moving Object Detection, GMM, Canny Edge Detection, Real-Time Surveillance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ntroduction: : PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is the most common endocrine illness in women of reproductive age, and it's linked to a higher rate of depression and anxiety. Homoeopathic offers a holistic approach to treatment and based on individualization of patient. Method: Case series study ,Study Design: : To Evaluate The Role Of Homoeoapthic Medicine In Management Of Polycystic ovarian Syndrome A Case Series Study , Study Setting:. Institutional OPD & IPD , Sample Size:30 cases , Sampling Technique: Total 30 samples with complaints of selected by convenience sampling Technique Result:The chief complaints among patients included irregular menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, mood swings, and hair loss. All 30 patients were female, and their ages ranged between 15 to 45 years. After homeopathic constitutional treatment, 19 patients showed improvement, while 11 did not. The most frequently indicated constitutional medicines were Natrum muriaticum, Calcarea carbonica, Lycopodium, Sepia, Sulphur, Pulsatilla, and Phosphorus.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Polycystic ovarian syndrome, homoeopathy individualized remedy case series study.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian women protection acts have a crucial part to play in spreading solutions to women violence and abuse. But more and more, their abuse has become a cause of concern, Section 498A of IPC, The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013, being the usual culprits. This article is an exploration into the abuse of such laws, judicial reaction towards false cases, and requirement of reforms for justice for everyone. It also refers to the Supreme Court judgments on false cases, and advises they be followed so that their misuse can be stopped without prejudicing real victims.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Misuse of Women Protection Laws in India: A Critical Analysis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper focuses on the role of uniform civil code(in brevity UCC) to balance the social fabric of secularism, the various personal laws of different people in the Indian democracy and about how to protect the rights of minorities guaranteed under the Indian constitution. It examines and explores the various constitutional provision, statutory laws by the two states goa and Uttarakhand, role of Indian judiciary time and again pronouncing the various judgements for the implementation of UCC, the need of Uniform civil code and the ways forward.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Secularism, Personal Laws, Constitution

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This paper looks at an ancient tradition of India called 'Devadasis', popularly known as Jogini in Telangana region, which literally means servants of God. It requires girls as young as eight years to be married or dedicated to a temple deity. For this village elders celebrated a festival called 'Jogupattam'. In Telugu regions the term Jogi is a derivation of the Sanskrit word 'Yogi'. A Yogi is a revered member of society who accepts alms as a gesture of respect. In its vulgarized form 'Jogi' word is derived. But joginis are seen as little more than beggars who prostitute and humiliate themselves for virtually no remuneration. In Telangana region particularly lower caste women are dedicated to this practice. The majority are landless and spent their lives as bonded laborers, trapped in an endless cycle of loans and debts. Because of their deep rooted socioeconomic poverty, the family decided to dedicate their daughter to the Jogini system. In small temple villages religious superstition often plays a key role in the decision making process. When someone in a village community falls ill, it is not uncommon for a landlord to circulate the rumor that the illness is a result of the village deity's wrath. According to superstition, the deity's anger can be pacified through the dedication of a young girl. Hoping for appeasement, a family might choose to dedicate their daughter to the Jogini system. It is not difficult to see how religion, poverty and centuries of gender inequality act together to ensure the continued existence of Jogini culture. Most of them are Dalits and weaker sections of society. If they have children their life also deteriorates under poverty and bonded labour. Hereditary their girl childs also became joginis under social pressure. SAMSKAR: This foundation was established in 1986 by Hemalatha Lavanam. The organization dedicates itself to working with the Jogini population in the Nizamabad district . Its early efforts were aimed primarily at studying the living conditions and terms under which Jogini culture operates. Indeed Hemalata engaged in extensive tours of villages, visiting Joginis and their families and compiling numerous case studies. In 1987 SAMSKAR opened its operating center known as Chelli Nilayam in the village of Varni in Nizamabad dist. This center played a vital role in organizing health camps, literacy programs, and individual counseling. With the financial assistance of groups such as HELP-AGE,U.K. and OXFAM, pensions for elderly Joginis as well as educational programs for the young now flourish. In fact, more than 600 Joginis,along with their children and aging parents, find their way to Chelli Nilayam at least once each week. Since SAMSKAR began its work in 1986 they have received surprising amounts of support from government bodies in united Andhra Pradesh. In 1987 a National Convention of Jogini Welfare was hosted in New Delhi. In 1988 The Andhra Pradesh Devadasi Prohibition Act came into effect. The most important aspect of SANSKAR's social reform philosophy is its dedication to awareness and education. Here, the women pledge not to engage in any Jogini practices and vow not to dedicate their daughters into the system of concubinage that has ensured their slavery for generations. Hemalavanam dedicated completely to her work with women in the Nizamabad district and served a lot for emancipation Joginis and their childrens also. With the support of governor Kumud bin Joshia and Chief Minister N.T.Rama rao, she has done marriages to Joginis. By these activities most of them came out from her past life and led a normal social life.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Devadasi, Jogini, Sexual assault, Murali, Basavi, Jogupattam, Mailapattam, Gudisani, Bhogam, Anti nautch movement, anti dedication movement, SAMSKAR, Chelli Nilayam, Rehabilitation, Self sufficient.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Review of Efficacy and Safety

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Coronary Artery Disease, Antiplatelet Therapy, Thrombotic Events, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, P2Y12 Inhibitors, CYP2C19 Polymorphisms, Bleeding Risk, Personalized Medicine, Novel Antiplatelet Agents.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Review of Novel Drug Combinations for Cancer Treatment

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chemotherapy, Drug Resistance, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Targeted Therapy, Nanomedicine, Biomarker-driven Therapy, CRISPR, Tumor Microenvironment, Combination Therapy, Precision Oncology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Richard Powers' novel The Overstory presents a intense challenge to anthropocentric worldviews by promoting a biocentric perspective--one that recognizes the intrinsic value of all living beings, particularly trees. This research paper examines how The Overstory reimagines humanity's place in nature by emphasizing the interconnectedness of all life, the intelligence of trees, and the ethical implications of environmental destruction. Through an ecocritical analysis of key characters such as Patricia Westerford, Neelay Mehta, and Olivia Vandergriff, the study examines how Powers deconstruct human exceptionalism and promotes a deeper ecological awareness. The novel's portrayal of tree communication, deforestation, and eco-activism serves as both a literary and philosophical call for a biocentric shift in human consciousness. By mixing scientific insight with storytelling, The Overstory functions as a form of eco-activism, persuading readers to reconsider their relationship with the natural world. Ultimately, this paper argues that Powers' novel not only critiques humanity's exploitative approach to nature but also offers a vision of coexistence rooted in respect, reciprocity, and ecological responsibility.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

key words -Biocentrism-Anthropocentrism-Ecocriticism-Interconnectedness-Eco-consciousness-Environmental ethics-The Wood Wide Web- Human-nature relationship-Biodiversity-Environmental degradation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Stock market prediction plays a significant role in financial analytics and strategic investment decisions. Traditional prediction models are often centralized, raising critical concerns regarding data privacy, ownership, and security--especially in regulated industries such as finance. This paper presents a novel approach that applies Federated Learning (FL), a decentralized machine learning technique, to stock price forecasting while preserving privacy. In our approach, we use historical stock data of Tesla Inc. (TSLA) and simulate multiple clients training Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models locally. The trained models are then aggregated by a central server over several rounds to form a global predictive model without exposing any raw data. A hybrid model strategy--combining federated updates with pre-trained centralized weights--is also implemented to improve training efficiency. Our system demonstrates an RMSE of approximately 34.72 and a MAPE of 6.8%, balancing accuracy with confidentiality. This study shows that Federated Learning is a feasible and effective solution for privacy-aware stock prediction in the financial sector.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Federated Learning, Stock Price Forecasting, LSTM, Tesla Stock, Time Series Prediction, Data Privacy, RMSE, MAPE.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as a critical geopolitical and economic hub in the 21st century, characterized by increasing strategic competition, especially between China and other regional and global powers. India's role in this dynamic landscape has grown significantly, as it seeks to safeguard its national interests and promote a stable, rules- based order. This paper examines India's strategic and diplomatic initiatives aimed at ensuring regional stability amidst the expanding influence of China. It explores India's Act East Policy, maritime collaborations, participation in multilateral forums such as the Quad, and defense partnerships with key Indo-Pacific nations. Additionally, it analyzes India's efforts to balance assertiveness and diplomacy while fostering economic, security, and infrastructural engagement across the region. By assessing these initiatives, the paper aims to highlight India's evolving approach as a key stakeholder in the Indo-Pacific and its implications for regional and global stability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Indo-Pacific, China, strategic initiatives, diplomatic engagement, regional stability, Act East Policy, Quad, maritime security, ASEAN, naval cooperation, defense partnerships, multilateral agreements, strategic autonomy, freedom of navigation, power projection, geopolitical competition, Blue Economy, rules-based order, South China Sea, foreign policy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Psoriasis is one of the diseases in which quality of life of patient is often decreased of scaling of skin. It occurs in all age groups and equally in both genders. It is a recurrent, long lasting and most common disease of the skin. The etiological factors are genetic, lifestyle oriented, environmental, immunological, climatic and psychological & have been found to be influential in the formation of the disease. Psoriasis has been widely known as psychosomatic disorder, in which the effect of behaviourism has been observed and described in both Ayurveda and Contemporary Science.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF EK KUSHTHA WITH REFERENCE TO PSORIASIS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetic foot complications, especially in chronic cases, often culminate in ischemic pain and even limb amputation. Post-amputation ischemic pain remains a significant concern, affecting quality of life and wou nd healing. This case study explores the efficacy of *Raktamokshana* (bloodletting) through ''leech therapy''in managing severe ischemic pain in a 44-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and tobacco use, who had undergone foot amputation. Leech therapy showed marked improvement in pain and wound healing over 10 days.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ischemic pain, Diabetic foot, Leech therapy, Raktamokshana, Ayurveda, Amputation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper examines the evolving role of India in global governance and its engagement with multilateralism in the 21st century. As the world's largest democracy and one of the fastest- growing economies, India has emerged as a key actor in global affairs, particularly in addressing critical issues such as climate change, terrorism, and economic inequality. The study traces India's historical trajectory in global governance, from its post-colonial commitment to non- alignment to its current, more assertive participation in prominent international organizations like the United Nations, G20, and BRICS. Through a qualitative analysis of India's diplomatic strategies and its contributions to multilateral institutions, this research explores the complexities of India's approach to global governance. Key themes examined include the role of India's soft power, the influence of domestic political factors, and the challenges arising from regional tensions. Furthermore, the study highlights gaps in existing scholarship, specifically the need for more thorough investigations into India's soft power, its sector-specific contributions to global governance, and comparative analyses with other emerging economies. The paper's findings emphasize India's leadership in shaping global governance structures and its growing influence in fostering international cooperation. In navigating the complexities of multilateralism, India aims not only to assert its global standing but also to represent the interests of developing nations. This research adds to the ongoing discourse on global governance and multilateralism, providing valuable insights into India's strategies and the challenges it faces as it strengthens its position on the world stage.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

India, Global Governance, Multilateralism, Foreign Policy, United Nations, G20, BRICS, Sustainable Development, Vaccine Diplomacy, Digital Governance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract In today's rapidly evolving world, the importance of soft skills in education has become increasingly apparent. Soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, emotional intelligence, and adaptability, play a pivotal role in shaping students' personal, academic, and social development. This paper explores the significance of soft skills in unlocking students' potential for social development, highlighting how these skills enhance peer relationships, leadership capabilities, and emotional resilience. It also discusses the role of educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers in incorporating soft skills into educational frameworks to foster holistic student development. By emphasizing the importance of soft skills alongside academic knowledge, this paper advocates for a more inclusive approach to education that addresses the social, emotional, and cognitive growth of students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Soft Skills, Social Development, Communication Skills, Emotional Intelligence Teamwork and Collaboration, Adaptability, Resilience, Education, Student Growth, Holistic Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project involves developing a full-stack real estate web application using the MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) stack. The application will enable users to search for, list, and manage real estate properties. Key features include property listings, user authentication, property filtering (by location, price, and type), and an integrated dashboard for agents to manage their listings. MongoDB will serve as the database to store property details and user data, while Express and Node.js will handle server-side operations. React will power the front-end, providing a seamless, interactive user experience. The project aims to deliver a user-friendly, responsive platform for real estate transactions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MERN Stack, Real Estate Web Application, Property Listing Platform, MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js, Tailwind CSS, MVC Architecture, JWT Authentication, Full Stack Development, Secure Web Application, Redux for State Management, Real Estate Portal, Web-based Real Estate Solution, Modern UI/UX, Property Management System, RESTful APIs, Responsive Web Design, Cloud-based Real Estate System.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of study is to find out the infrastructure management of government primary schools of Khaiwa District, Tripura, india.The descriptive survey method was used. The data were collected through simple random technique whereas questionnaire, interview and observation method were used as tools. 90 Government primary schools of Khawai district of Tripura. Data were analyzed through simple percentage method and bar charts.The findings of study were 16.2% of the 90 schools have separate Headmaster's room and all the remaining 83.8% schools were found without separate room for Headmaster; 20 % schools have separate room for teachers whereas 80 % schools does not have this facility; 30 % schools have separate office rooms whereas 70 % schools do not have separate office rooms; only 8.1 % schools have store rooms whereas 91.9 % schools do not have this facility. It was also found that 16.2 % schools have ramps but 83.8% schools are without ramp. 41.9 % schools are found with playgrounds and 58.1 % schools are not having playgrounds.13.8% schools have safe good drinking water whereas 86.2% have below average drinking water. The water facilities were managed by the respective schools. No government funds for the provision of safe drinking water. 87.5% schools have teachers' separate toilets whereas 12.5% do not have separate toilets for teachers. All the 90 schools have separate toilets for boys and girls provided by government fund.The suggestions of study were conduct infrastructure audits, develop maintenance schedules, improve access to clean water and sanitation, enhance safety and security,upgrade classrooms and furniture,promote digital infrastructure,develop green spaces,foster community engagement, implement sustainable practices and provide training and support.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Infrastructure, Management ,Government Primary schools, Khaiwa District, Tripura

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Crinum malabaricum (malabar river-lily) is endemic plant group and described new to science (Lekhak and Yadav 2012).Which comes under the family Amaryllidaceae and it was assessed as critically endangered using the IUCN criteria(Lansdown, R.V. 2016).The plant is a source of the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibiting alkaloid galanthamine used to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.The bulbs of this plant contain the highest amount of galanthamine among Crinum species (Mani et al., 2023). In this study methanolic, ehthyl acetate ,chloroform extract of leaves of the plant was studied phytochemically using various quantitative assays and chromatographic technique like High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). On quantitative assays C. malabaricum showed higher flavanoid content and phenolic content. GC-MS result of methanol extract leaves showed presence of Lycorine ,Hexadecanal, 9-octadecanoic acid, phytol .Lycorine possesses multiple pharmacological effects. Which has action of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase(AChE),anti tumor, anti bacterial, anti viral, antifungal effects. Ethyl extract leaves showed presence of pentadecane, cyclopropane nonyl, E14 hexadecenal and Chloroform extract of leaves showed presence of loliolide, octadecanal, 2,4-ditert butyl phenol.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crinum malabaricum, Lycorin, Phytol,Liriodendromine, Hexadecanoic acid, Heptadecanoic acid

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition