Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The evolution of smart technology has revolutionized the way athletes approach training, and tennis is no exception. Specifically, the enhancement of tennis serves through the use of smart measuring devices has provided players with valuable data and insights to improve their game. Smart devices, such as smart rackets, wearable sensors, radar guns, and video analysis tools, have enabled coaches and players to analyze serve mechanics, accuracy, speed, and consistency in unprecedented detail. This paper explores the integration of these smart measuring devices into tennis service training, examining their impact on performance improvement and identifying potential areas for future development. The study highlights the benefits of real-time feedback, personalized insights, and biomechanical analysis, all of which contribute to refining the serve technique and overall match performance.

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Enhancement, Tennis, Service, Smart Measuring Devices and Technology

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Nutrition plays a crucial role in the overall performance of athletes, including Kabaddi players. Proper dietary intake enhances endurance, strength, agility, and recovery, which are vital for optimal performance. This article examines the nutritional practices of college Kabaddi players and their impact on performance. It also highlights the importance of macronutrients, micronutrients, hydration, and meal timing in athletic success.

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Video-Assisted Refereeing (VAR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Sensor-Based Tracking and Sports Technology

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To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 men Kho Kho players were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' ladder training (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent ladder training for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "Illinois Agility Test" (seconds) was used to measure agility were selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the ladder training group had shown significantly improved in agility. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on agility

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Kho Kho Players, Men, Agility, Ladder Training

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To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 men basketball players were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' yogic breathing practices (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent yogic breathing practices for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "vital capacity" in liters was used to measure spirometer were selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the yogic breathing practices group had shown significantly improved in vital capacity. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on vital capacity.

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Yogic, Breathing, Vital Capacity, Basketball Players

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Footwork Drills, Balance, Quickness, Basketball Players

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Kabaddi, a high-intensity contact sport, has seen significant changes with the introduction of specialized mats, replacing traditional soil-based surfaces. This study examines the impact of kabaddi mat matches on players' performance and skill development. By analysing player performance data, injury rates, and training adaptability, this research aims to provide insights into the advantages and challenges of mat-based kabaddi. The findings suggest that mat-based matches improve agility, reduce injuries, and enhance strategic gameplay, making them an essential aspect of modern kabaddi training.

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Kabaddi, Mat Matches, Performance, Skill Improvement

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Football is one of the most popular and physically demanding sports worldwide. Due to its high-intensity nature, football players are prone to various types of injuries, ranging from minor strains to severe fractures and concussions. This paper explores the common types of football-related injuries, their causes, preventive strategies, and rehabilitation techniques to ensure optimal recovery and sustained player performance.

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Football, Sports Injuries, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Injury Management

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Kabaddi is a high-intensity contact sport requiring a combination of strength, agility, and tactical skill. Among the key offensive techniques in Kabaddi are toe touches and running hand touches, crucial for successful raids. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured, skill-specific training program on improving these two raiding skills among Kabaddi players. A sample of 30 male players aged 20-23 years was divided into an experimental group (n=15) receiving skill-specific training and a control group (n=15) following regular training. The training lasted for 8 weeks. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in both toe touches and running hand touches in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the efficacy of focused training protocols in enhancing specific raiding techniques in Kabaddi.

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Footwork Drills, Running Hand Touch, Toe Touch, Kabaddi Players

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This paper examines the biomechanical demands of fast bowling in cricket and their correlation with injury prevalence among bowlers. By analyzing joint kinetics, muscle activity, and repetitive motion, we highlight risk factors contributing to common injuries such as lumbar stress fractures and shoulder impingements. The study integrates existing biomechanical research with injury reports to propose preventive strategies and training protocols aimed at reducing injury rates and enhancing performance.

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Football, Sports Injuries, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Injury Management

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Physical fitness is a crucial component of an individual's overall well-being, encompassing not only physical health but also social, emotional, and mental fitness. It is a fundamental requirement for daily life, broadly defined as the ability to perform routine tasks efficiently without undue fatigue. Strength endurance plays a vital role in all sports movements, whether fast or slow, as athletes must perform under varying levels of fatigue. Agility, a key athletic trait, is a combination of strength, reaction time, speed, power, and coordination. It is essential for movements such as dodging, zigzag running, sudden stops and starts, and rapid changes in body position. Sandbag training is a high-intensity, time-efficient, and versatile training method that involves performing a series of exercises in quick succession with minimal rest between sets. This training is particularly beneficial for athletes, as it enhances physical fitness variables critical to performance. In sports like kabaddi, for instance, explosive power a combination of strength and speed is necessary for optimal performance. Similarly, sandbag exercises have been shown to significantly improve key physical fitness attributes in Kabaddi players. The study aimed to examine the effects of sandbag training on selected physical fitness variables among Kabaddi players. To achieve this, thirty male Kabaddi players, aged between 21 and 24 years, were selected as subjects. They were students of the Department of Physical Education, at St. John's College of Physical Education, Veeravanallur, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. The participants of the study patriate into two equal different groups with holding of fifteen each: a sandbag training group and a control group. The sandbag training group followed a structured regimen, performing three sets per exercise per session at an intensity of 60% to 80%, with a progressive increase in load over the training period. Strength endurance and agility were chosen as the criterion variables, assessed using sit-ups and the shuttle run test, respectively. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine significant differences between the groups. The results indicated a significant improvement in strength endurance and agility among the sandbag training group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that sandbag exercises are highly effective in enhancing the physical fitness of Kabaddi players, particularly in terms of endurance and agility.

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Sand bag training, Physical Fitness, Strength Endurance, Agility

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Fitness Training, 100m running performance, long jump performance and 1500m running performance

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A study of the problem of child labour in the unorganised sector of India.

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A study of the problem of child labour in the unorganised sector of India.

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This study aims to explore the integral representations of quadruple hypergeometric polynomials and establish their connections to multiple orthogonal polynomials, fractional calculus, and q-series. To achieve this, we utilized techniques from orthogonal polynomial theory and special function analysis. We generalized existing hypergeometric identities by incorporating multiple orthogonality conditions and applying integral transforms, including Mellin-Barnes integrals and fractional calculus operators. These methods allowed us to develop new representations and analyze their properties in a unified framework. Our findings include explicit integral expressions for quadruple hypergeometric polynomials and structural relationships with multiple orthogonal polynomials. Additionally, we developed a unified framework connecting classical hypergeometric function theory with generalized polynomial systems. This study extends existing hypergeometric function representations, enhances the understanding of multivariable special functions in mathematical and theoretical physics, and introduces novel computational tools for evaluating special functions. The integral representations derived in this work have practical applications in solving fractional differential equations and can be utilized in mathematical physics and applied analysis. Further research may focus on developing q-analogs and investigating applications in quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and approximation theory.

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Quadruple hypergeometric polynomials, Integral representations, Multiple orthogonal polynomials, Fractional calculus, q-series, Special functions, Mellin-Barnes integrals, continued fractions, q-Bessel functions, Fibonacci polynomials, Fractional differential equations, Sturm-Liouville problems, quantum mechanics, approximation theory, hypergeometric identities.

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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) are the building blocks of the existing software engineering that offers the option to release reliably and quickly on cloud-based configurations. Because of the growing popularity of the multi-cloud strategies, the optimisation of CI/CD pipelines across the different vendors is a pressing concern. This review provides a comparison between Jenkins and Bamboo as CI/CD engines and Kubernetes as a backplane that provides orchestration in a multi-cloud environment. The outcome of an experimental benchmark indicates the robustness of the pipeline governance and orchestration in the performance of the lead time, the number of deployments, the first failure change, and the average time to healing. The analysis will be based on the recent reports in the field of declarative pipeline practices, GitOps frameworks, DevSecOps controls, and the migration patterns. The data indicate that the optimization of CI/CD in multi-cloud needs not only efficient toolchain but an adaptive orchestration, well-built governance and security incorporation. Future directions of research will be predictive orchestration models, and improved GitOps scalability, cross-tool governance models and automatized remediation strategies. This review offers a systematic base to comprehend current practice in CI/CD optimization as well as ascertaining avenues in the enhancement of practice and research in distributed multi-cloud topographies.

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CI/CD, Multi-cloud, Jenkins, Bamboo, Kubernetes, DevOps, GitOps, Pipeline Optimization, Orchestration, DevSecOps.

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?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? "????-???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??" ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ?? ??????? ????, ???, ?????, ?????, ?????, ?????, ????? ??????, ?????, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ???????? ?? ??. ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ????????? ????????, ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???????, ??????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???, ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???

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????????? ??????, ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????, ??????? ??????, ?????????? ?????, ???????? ????????, ????? ??????, ????? ??????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ?????, ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????, ????????? ?????, ?????? ???????

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The rapid growth of e-commerce platforms has driven the need for more scalable, resilient, and flexible architectures. Microservices architecture (MSA) has emerged as a key solution to address these challenges by decentralizing system components into independent services, each responsible for specific business functions. This review explores the impact of microservices on e-commerce platforms, emphasizing improvements in performance, scalability, and operational efficiency. We present a proposed model that integrates decentralized data management, event-driven communication, real-time data processing, and machine learning to optimize system performance. Through a comparative analysis, we demonstrate how the proposed model outperforms existing architectures, such as monolithic and hybrid systems, in areas like scalability, latency, and resource utilization. The review also discusses the implications for practitioners and policymakers, offering recommendations for future research in areas like machine learning integration, data consistency, and economic impact. This paper aims to inform researchers, decision-makers, and industry professionals about the latest advancements in microservices for e-commerce, providing valuable insights into the development of more reliable, scalable, and efficient e-commerce platforms.

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Microservices Architecture, E-commerce Platforms, Scalability, Performance, Real-Time Data Processing, Event-Driven Architecture, Machine Learning, Predictive Systems, Cloud-Native Deployment, Service Meshes, API Gateway, Data Integration, Resource Optimization.

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Study of the route of arrival of Kushan rulers to India in the current perspective

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Study of the route of arrival of Kushan rulers to India in the current perspective

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This Paper present review on regenerative E-bicycle. Regenerative E-bicycle system will help to solve the major problems of fuel and pollution of vehicle driven from conventional fossil fuels. E-bicycle is the advance way of transportation because it is a green and clean mode of transport. The main aim of this paper is to make regenerative E- bicycle and study about its components which are needed for making the regenerative E- bicycle and design the system for it. Regenerative e bicycle works on the principle of closed loop theorem in which BLDC motor is used to provide high starting torque and coupled to the wheel through gear pulley and chain mechanism . The charging of the battery can be done through the regenerative mechanism of the alternator which is coupled directly to the paddle so that it can gain mechanical energy from the peddle.

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Electrical Bicycle, Electrical Vehicle, Brushless D.C Motor, Nickel Cadmium, Lithium ion

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This research offers a comparative study of M. M. Kaye and Rumer Godden, two prominent Anglo-Indian authors whose works vividly depict the cultural, political, and emotional landscapes of British India. Drawing on postcolonial theoretical frameworks, particularly the contributions of Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak, the study examines how each writer engages with themes of colonial legacy, identity, and cross-cultural interaction. Kaye's historical romances, including The Far Pavilions and Shadow of the Moon, blend documented events with fictional narratives, often romanticising the Raj while revealing its inherent tensions. Godden's novels, Black Narcissus and The River, present more intimate portrayals, exploring psychological complexities and the fragility of cultural understanding. Through qualitative textual analysis supported by historical research, the study identifies recurring motifs such as spatial divisions, hybrid identities, and cultural rituals, revealing both reinforcement and critique of imperial ideologies. The findings highlight convergences in thematic concerns alongside divergences shaped by biography, narrative style, and scope. By placing these authors in direct dialogue, the research contributes to postcolonial comparative literary studies and deepens understanding of colonial memory in Anglo-Indian fiction. It also opens pathways for further exploration of women's voices in colonial and postcolonial narratives.

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Anglo-Indian fiction, Colonial legacy, Postcolonial criticism, Cultural hybridity, M. M. Kaye, Rumer Godden, Comparative literary analysis

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