Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

"Cybersecurity is no longer just an IT issue, it is the responsibility of each individual to ensure trust in this digital world." Nappo Stephane Rules and regulations pertaining to computer technology, the Internet, and digital communications are provided by cyber law. incorporated. Computer networks, the Internet, and computers are involved in many aspects of cybercrime, including data protection, cybersecurity, cybercrime, intellectual property rights, and online commerce. Cybercrime by digital methods includes data theft, fraud, online harassment, hacking, and the dissemination of malicious software. Flash drives, microchips, DVDs, pen travel, and more are used by criminals. The primary issue is that the crime has a horrible appearance, particularly when it comes to child pornography and copyright violation. Numerous forms of cybercrime are covered in this study, such as virus assaults, cyberfraud, cyberterrorism, online annoyance, hacking, fishing, and cyberstalking. It also draws attention to the difficulties associated with cybercrime, including its jurisdiction, rapid technology advancements, documentation, and prevention. It also takes into account the legal and regulatory actions taken against cybercrime by states and international organizations. This covers worldwide corporate frameworks, national data protection strategies and regulations, cybersecurity, and cybercriminal law.

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 Keywords

Technology, Hacking, Data Theft, Cybercrime, Privacy, and Protection.

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Abstract This study explores how impulse buying is influenced by consumer psychology and the strategies used by e-commerce platforms during flash sales. These sales, often driven by limited-time offers, discounts, and countdown timers plays a significant role in encouraging spontaneous purchases. The research is employed by both the primary and secondary data. Data analysis was conducted using various methods including analysis, graphical representation, and categorical interpretation. The interpretation highlights how factors like countdown timers, promotional alerts, and limited availability prompt impulsive behavior. The findings highlight how important it is to understand the psychological factors that influence online shoppers during flash sales. The study also suggests that online businesses should follow ethical marketing methods to help customers make more thoughtful and informed buying decisions. This research adds useful knowledge to the areas of consumer behavior, online shopping strategies.

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Keywords: Impulse buying, Flash sales, E-Commerce, Consumer behavior, Online marketing, Purchase intention.

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In the rapidly evolving field of electronics and embedded systems, the need for compact, intelligent, and efficient workstations is greater than ever. An AI-Integrated Workstation that combines essential hardware tools with intelligent software capabilities to streamline the prototyping and debugging process for electronics engineers and hobbyists. The proposed mini hardware setup includes a soldering station, a regulated power supply, and a high-resolution camera, all interfaced with a laptop running custom-built AI-powered software. Key features of the software include automatic resistor value prediction using computer vision and color code analysis, real-time viewing and interpretation of PCB Gerber files, and design rule check (DRC) validation to identify layout errors before fabrication. By integrating hardware with AI-based functionalities, the workstation enhances accuracy, reduces human error, and accelerates the overall workflow in electronics development environments. The paper explores the system architecture, implementation details, and potential applications in educational, industrial, and maker spaces.

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 Keywords

AI-integrated workstation, resistor colour code detection, Gerber file viewer, design rule check (DRC), electronics prototyping, computer vision, hardware-software integration.

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 Abstract

Sulphated polysaccharide based tissue glue has an influence on gluing two bone fragments with biodegradable and biocompatible adhesives and remains highly fascinating and attractive to surgeons. The aim of this study is hybrid glue made of a sulfate polysaccharide derivative used to treat vertical defect, attaching a resorbable membrane to the recipient bone.Applications in medicine have been improved in recent years by the development of advanced biomaterial.This study represents a novel adhesive biodegradable and biocompatible material to the wound closure and tissue restoration by investigating the application of a sulfated polysaccharide-based tissue glue. Sulfated polysaccharides are a viable option for biomedical adhesives due to their special qualities, which include biocompatibility and increased adhesive capabilities.The synthesis and characterisation of the tissue glue, includes adhesive strength and structural characteristics.The effectiveness of the sulfated polysaccharide-based glue in lowering tissue inflammation, accelerating wound healing, and promoting hemostasis.

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 Keywords

Tissue Glue, Bone adhesive, biocompatible adhesive, sulphated polysaccharide

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 Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions has driven the development of innovative systems that harness renewable energy sources. This project, titled "Solar-BasedRotatingSignBoard," aims to design and implement an ecofriendly, self-sustaining rotating sign board powered by solar energy. The system utilizes a 12V 10W solar panel, a 12V battery, a solar charge controller, 12V LED strips, a 10 RPM DC gear motor, motor clamps, and a welded metal frame. The sign board is designed to display digital banner prints on both sides, making it suitable for advertising, informational displays, or public announcements. The primary objective of this project is to create a cost-effective, low-maintenance, and energy-efficient rotating sign board that operates independently of the grid. The 12V 10W solar panel captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, which is stored in a 12V battery via a solar charge controller. The charge controller ensures optimal charging and prevents overcharging or deep discharging of the battery, thereby enhancing its lifespan. The stored energy powers the 10 RPM DC gear motor, which rotates the sign board, and the 12V LED strips, which illuminate the display for enhanced visibility during low-light conditions. The mechanical assembly consists of a welded metal frame that provides structural stability and supports the rotating mechanism. The DC gear motor is securely mounted using motor clamps, and the sign board is attached to the motor shaft. The rotation speed of 10 RPM ensures smooth and consistent movement, making the display visually appealing. The digital banner prints are affixed to both sides of the sign board, allowing for dual-sided visibility. The entire system is controlled by an on/off switch, and the components are assembled using screws, nuts, and bolts for easy maintenance and durability. This project demonstrates the integration of solar energy with electromechanical systems to create a sustainable and functional solution. The use of renewable energy reduces operational costs and minimizes the carbon footprint, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional sign boards. The system is designed to be portable and can be deployed in various locations, including remote areas with limited access to electricity. In conclusion, the Solar-BasedRotatingSignBoard project showcases the potential of solar energy in powering innovative and practical applications. It highlights the importance of renewable energy in addressing modern challenges and provides a scalable model for future developments in sustainable technology. This project not only serves as an effective advertising tool but also contributes to the global transition toward clean energy solutions.

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SOLAR BASED ROTATING SIGN BOARD

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The integration of voice control technology in assistive devices is a significant advancement for enhancing the independence and quality of life for individuals with mobility impairments. This paper presents the design and implementation of a voice-controlled wheelchair utilizing the ESP (Espressif Systems) microcontroller platform. The system leverages voice recognition capabilities to allow users to operate the wheelchair with spoken commands, thereby reducing the need for physical interaction with traditional controls. The proposed solution employs the ESP32 microcontroller, known for its versatility and connectivity options, as the central processing unit for the voice control system. A voice recognition module is interfaced with the ESP32 to process and interpret voice commands, which are then translated into control signals for the wheelchair's movement and functionality. The design incorporates safety features such as obstacle detection and emergency stop functions to ensure reliable and secure operation. This voice-controlled wheelchair system aims to provide a more intuitive and accessible means of navigation for users, particularly those with severe physical disabilities. The paper discusses the technical implementation, including the hardware integration, software algorithms for voice recognition, and the communication protocols between the ESP32 and the wheelchair's motor control units. Additionally, user testing and performance evaluation are presented to assess the effectiveness and user experience of the system. The results demonstrate that the voice-controlled wheelchair offers a viable alternative to conventional joystick-based controls, with improved ease of use and greater autonomy for the user.

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Wheelchair, ESP

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This paper presents a Python-based investment model for multi-asset portfolio management using dynamic data visualization. The model integrates a wide range of financial instruments--such as stocks, mutual funds, and cryptocurrencies--and leverages Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) to identify optimal asset allocations based on historical performance, volatility, and correlation. With the use of Python libraries like Plotly, Seaborne, and Matplotlib, the system visualizes risk-return trade-offs, asset correlation heat-maps, and portfolio diversification structures. These visuals not only aid investor comprehension but also support better decision-making in asset selection and re-balancing. The study demonstrates how visualization-driven insights can significantly enhance portfolio optimization, reduce risk exposure, and improve return consistency

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Portfolio Optimization, Financial Visualization, Asset Allocation, Modern Portfolio Theory, Python, Risk Analysis, Sharpe Ratio, Cryptocurrency, Mutual Funds, Stocks

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Driver fatigue is a major cause of road accidents worldwide. Studies suggest that drowsy driving contributes to nearly 20% of serious road crashes. This project proposes a preventive approach: an Anti-Sleep Safety Alarm using Arduino Uno. The device monitors eye movements using an infrared (IR) sensor and activates an alarm when signs of drowsiness are detected. With increased urbanization, long working hours, and vehicular congestion, it becomes imperative to provide technological assistance to drivers to avoid fatigue-related mishaps. The primary motivation behind this system is affordability, ease of use, and effectiveness. As compared to high-end systems based on EEG, camerabased image processing, or AI-based facial analysis, our solution leverages basic electronic components to deliver a robust mechanism. This research details the system design, implementation, testing, and potential for real-world deployment.

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 Keywords

Anti Sleep Alarm, Passenger safety, Safety alarm, Road safety, Eye movement detection, Real time monitoring, Sleep detection system

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 Abstract

A fingerprint is impression made by the frictional ridges of the fingers on various surface such as porous, nonporous and semi porous. Being one of the useful and robust forensic evidence fingerprints have been widely recognized as the primary human identification tool in forensic investigation. Latent or invisible prints are commonly found at the scenes of crime and thus require the use of visualization methods. The currently available fingerprint visualization powdered methods are chemical with toxic and potential health hazards are. This study proposes a cheap and relatively fingerprint powder from drumstick skins. The findings revealed that drumstick skin powder is capable of visualizing latent fingerprint on porous, non-porous and semi porous surfaces. The latent fingerprints enhanced by drumstick skin powder showed better visualization. It is a non-toxic, safe and easily available powder.

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 Keywords

KEY WORDS: Fingerprint, Latent print, Invisible print, Frictional ridges, Fingerprint powders.

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The rapid advancement of 5G technology promises to revolutionize the digital landscape through faster internet speeds, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. This study investigates the impact of 5G technology on mobile application performance and user satisfaction in Coimbatore, a fast-developing tier-2 city in Tamil Nadu, India. As mobile apps become integral to everyday life--powering communication, entertainment, e-commerce, and gaming--the transition to 5G presents a critical opportunity to evaluate user experiences and expectations. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach comprising surveys, interviews, and app performance analysis to assess user satisfaction across key factors such as speed, reliability, and usability. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for developers, telecom providers, and digital businesses by highlighting how 5G enhances or challenges mobile app functionality in emerging markets. Ultimately, this study contributes to understanding how 5G technology is shaping digital engagement and customer satisfaction in India's evolving tech ecosystem.

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5G Technology

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This study investigates the effectiveness of Human Resource Management (HRM) in supporting the career development of employees in IT companies in Coimbatore. Focusing on key HR functions such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and employee engagement, the research aims to evaluate their impact on employee satisfaction and retention. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, interviews, and focus groups. The findings highlight the importance of aligning HR strategies with employee aspirations and the dynamic requirements of the IT sector to foster a skilled and motivated workforce. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing HR practices to better support career growth in this fast-evolving industry.

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Human Resource Management, Career Development, IT Sector, Coimbatore, Employee Retention

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This study investigates the influence of lubricant viscosity on the vibration behavior of rolling element bearings through a controlled experimental analysis. Using a custom-built test rig, cylindrical roller bearings (NJ306 ECJ) were subjected to three lubricant grades (NLGI 1, NLGI 2, and NLGI 3), three loads (3 kg, 6 kg, and 9 kg), and three rotational speeds (300 rpm, 600 rpm, and 900 rpm). Vibration responses were measured using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer to quantify frequency spectra and amplitudes. Results indicate that NLGI 2 grease consistently exhibited the lowest vibration amplitudes across all conditions, demonstrating superior damping and stability compared to NLGI 1 and NLGI 3. Higher viscosity (NLGI 3) led to increased vibration due to inadequate penetration, while lower viscosity (NLGI 1) showed limitations under high loads and speeds. These findings highlight the critical role of optimal lubricant viscosity in minimizing vibration and enhancing bearing longevity, offering practical insights for machinery design and maintenance. The study contributes to tribology by providing empirical evidence to guide lubricant selection in industrial applications

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 Keywords

Lubricant Viscosity, Vibration Analysis, Rolling Element Bearings, FFT Analyzer, NLGI Grades, Bearing Performance, Tribology

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 Abstract

Around the world, nanotechnology is being promoted as a technological revolution that will help resolve an array of problems. According to the current hype, nanotechnology promises to provide new ways of solving some of Africa's chronic challenges such as treating tuberculosis and malaria, making water drinkable, conserving food, and diversifying energy sources, among other hosts of applications. However, the potential risks and social implications of this new technology are not often discussed nor addressed. The overall level of awareness and capacity to address these issues remains very low, in both civil society and government, and prevents these actors from playing their social role in ensuring the public good. Research on nanotechnology, and increased commercialization of products containing engineered nanomaterials (generally called nano products), are currently happening in Africa (e.g., in South Africa, Sudan, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Egypt, Algeria). In several African countries, nanotechnology has been declared a strategic sector of scientific and technological development. In addition, graduate courses on nanotechnology have been initiated in some countries, such as South Africa, Egypt, and Algeria. Even though potential health and environmental risks of engineered nano- materials are scientifically documented and numerous uncertainties remain, the public funds dedicated to evaluating these risks are extremely low. As a consequence, the current policy in regards to this technology is far from precautionary as the products enter the market unregulated and unlabeled, neither guaranteeing the safety of the product, nor the information to the consumer. The Present review paper highlighted sustainable development Socio economic transformation through Nano Science technology various issues and challenges at global level policy framework

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Civil Society, Health, Policy, Technology, Scientific, Nanomaterials, and Research

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The increasing volume of organic waste in urban areas necessitates an intelligent waste management system to enhance efficiency and sustainability. This study examines the logistic framework of organic waste management using smart dustbins integrated with IoT, AI-driven waste classification, and automated collection strategies. By leveraging sensor technology, real-time data analytics, and optimized waste transport, smart dustbins can revolutionize traditional waste disposal methods. Smart dustbins monitor waste levels, segregate biodegradable materials, and transmit data to waste collection units, enabling predictive waste collection scheduling and fuel-efficient route planning. The research underscores the importance of public-private collaboration, smart city integration, and sustainable policy frameworks to promote efficient organic waste logistics. By combining automation, data intelligence, and circular economy principles, smart waste management systems can minimize carbon footprints and foster eco-friendly urban environments. Proper waste management is essential for environmental sustainability. This study examines the municipal solid waste management and disposal methods in Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India, analyzing waste composition, characteristics, and associated environmental concerns. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires from randomly selected populations in areas with significant waste findings reveal that both designated and non-designated waste dumps remain unattended for prolonged periods, leading to road encroachments, pollution, and aesthetic degradation of the metropolis Findings reveal that both designated and non-designated waste dumps remain unattended for prolonged periods, leading to road Encroachments, pollution, and aesthetic degradation of the metropolis.

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Smart Waste Management, IoT-Enabled Dustbins, Waste Logistics, in Waste Management, Organic Waste, Sustainable Urban Sanitation.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of an Arduino-based vehicle monitoring system that enables real-time fuel level detection and emergency alert functionalities. Addressing issues of fuel theft and vehicle accidents, the system utilizes a GSM-GPS module for sending SMS alerts and an accelerometer to detect sudden angular deviations. Fuel level is measured using a capacitive sensor, and output is displayed on an LCD. In the event of an emergency or suspicious activity, alert notifications with location details are immediately transmitted to designated recipients. This integrated solution ensures enhanced vehicular safety, real-time monitoring, and system reliability.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of an Arduino-based vehicle monitoring system that enables real-time fuel level detection and emergency alert functionalities. Addressing issues of fuel theft and vehicle accidents, the system utilizes a GSM-GPS module for sending SMS alerts and an accelerometer to detect sudden angular deviations. Fuel level is measured using a capacitive sensor, and output is displayed on an LCD. In the event of an emergency or suspicious activity, alert notifi

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The objective of the study is to find the impact of emotional intelligence on the mental health of COVID-19 survivors. The present study includes 150 (75 Males and 75 females) participants aged 30-50 years. Emotional Intelligence Scale by Schutte et al. (1988), and Mental Health Inventory by Veit and Ware (1983). Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and regression were used to analyze the data.

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Emotional Intelligence, Mental Health, and COVID-19 survivors

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In the digital age, the evolution of marketing strategies has significantly influenced consumer behaviour, fostering a phenomenon known as `a cycle of continuous and often impulsive online purchasing`. The present study explores the factors contributing to spiral consumption among IT professionals in Infopark, Kochi, Kerala, with a specific focus on the influence of digital marketing. Based on the data collected from 63 IT professionals through purposive sampling, the research employs Exploratory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression to identify and analyse psychological, technological, economic, social, and personal factors impacting spiral consumption. The findings reveal a significant correlation between spiral consumption and continuous consumption cycles, with digital marketing elements such as personalised ads, social media influence, and convenience playing key roles. The study points the need for ethical digital marketing practices and enhanced consumer awareness to mitigate the financial and psychological risks associated with uncontrolled online consumption.

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spiral consumption, digital marketing, continuous consumption, social media, online purchase

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Human resource plans depend much on employee welfare measures since they significantly increase job satisfaction and performance. This paper looks at how statutory and non-statutory welfare policies affect employee performance and satisfaction as well as their connection inside the pharmaceutical sector. The study gathers main data from workers at several hierarchical levels using a descriptive and analytical research approach by use of structured questionnaires. Convenient sampling is applied to determine 200 is the sample size confined to Hyderabad city of Telangana State chosen to guarantee statistical relevance. Using correlation and regression methods, data analysis looks at how welfare policies affect employee outcomes. The results show that employee performance and satisfaction are much influenced by legislative welfare programs including paid leave legislation, health benefits, and safety rules. Likewise, non-statutory actions include leisure time pursuits, professional development initiatives, and flexible work schedules improve performance and satisfaction. The study also shows a clear relationship between employee performance and satisfaction, implying that greater organizational results could follow from stronger welfare policies.

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Statutory Welfare Measures, Non-Statutory Welfare Measures, Employee Satisfaction, Employee Performance, Employee Productivity

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 Abstract

Under nutrition is a difficult undertaking, especially in Africa and Asia, where it affects hundreds of millions of pregnant women and school-aged children. As a result of their use of carbohydrate-rich yet dietary plant-based meals, impoverished folks are far more vulnerable to nutrient problems and mental deprivation. The availability of genomic sequences across multiple crops, and also advances in genetic manipulation tools, has created an opportunity to propagate for nearly any desirable characteristic. Bio-fortification has lately emerged as a self-targeting method as well as a non-recurring reaction to dietary deficits. Most traditional breeding procedures were restricted due to a lack of genetic variation in traversable genetic traits. Furthermore, it appears to lack the reduction of expression of genes that is required for nutritional retention. Bio-fortification genetically based is a viable strategy to tackle hidden shortages of food, especially in areas where propagation isn't really successful due to a shortage of phenotypic variation. When compared to other tactics, genetic manipulation is indeed a clear and precise way of developing improved nutritional cultivars without repeatedly engaging. This review emphasizes plant biotechnologists' alternatives for improving crop utilising genome engineering methods that are based on bio-fortification, which could also help to address global issues.

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 Keywords

Poverty, Food security, Gene editing, bio-fortification, gene expression

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Modern cybersecurity threats require adaptive authentication systems because they continue to evolve. The traditional Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) systems implement static authentication patterns at all times, which produces security vulnerabilities while degrading user satisfaction.This paper presents Dynamic Risk Based Multi-Factor Authentication that adapts authentication based on factors like IP address, location and device patterns unlike traditional MFA, which follows same static procedure.User attempts to log in are classified as low, medium or high-risk based on a system analysis of IP address and device information and geolocation details.High-risk situations require authentication strengthening through the implementation of Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) validation [6] while the system supports varied authentication requirements according to risk categories. The system runs through Node.js as its backend platform and React.js for frontend development alongside PostgreSQL as its database solution and AES encryption with Snark.js for enhanced encryption security. The experimental evaluation shows substantial progress in securing logins through a system that cuts down extra authentication procedures for reliable users while boosting protection levels against unauthorized activities.

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 Keywords

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Dynamic Authentication,Risk-Based Authentication, Cybersecurity, Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP), Contextual Authentication, React.js, Spring Boot, PostgreSQL, AES Encryption, Snark.js, Secure Data Transmission.

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