Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Handball is a dynamic and physically demanding sport that requires a combination of strength, agility, endurance, and skill. This article examines the impact of various training modalities on the performance of college-level handball players in Kanyakumari District. Through an analysis of strength training, speed-agility-quickness (SAQ) training, circuit training, and sport-specific drills, the study highlights the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing athletic performance. The findings emphasize the need for a structured and periodized training approach to optimize physical and skill development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Exercise on Postpartum, Exercise on Lactating Mothers, Exercise on Breast Feeding

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 men kabaddi players were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' yogic practices (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent yogic practices for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "diastolic blood pressure" millimeters of mercury (mmHg) were used to measure Sphygmomanometer was selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the yogic practices group had shown significantly improved in diastolic blood pressure. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on diastolic blood pressure.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yogic, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Kabaddi Players

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The sports industry, as a dynamic and evolving sector, is increasingly benefiting from multidisciplinary approaches that blend business, technology, and marketing, management, and sustainability practices. As global engagement with sports intensifies, innovations in fan experience, sports media, sponsorship models, and technological advancements have reshaped the landscape. This paper explores recent trends in the sports industry, emphasizing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies in business development, audience engagement, and sustainability. By examining emerging trends, the paper highlights the potential of the sports industry to grow as a global powerhouse, foster inclusivity, and adapt to the challenges of the modern world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sports Industry, Business Strategies, Fan Engagement, Technology In Sports, Sustainability, Sports Marketing, Sponsorship, Globalization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 men B.Sc. physical education students were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 17 to 20 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' yogic practices (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent yogic practices for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "systolic blood pressure" millimeters of mercury (mmHg) were used to measure Sphygmomanometer was selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent 't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the yogic practices group had shown significantly improved in systolic blood pressure. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on systolic blood pressure.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yogic, Systolic Blood Pressure, Men, Physical Education Students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study was designed to find out the effect of resistance training and resistance training with protein supplementation on percent body fat. To achieve this purpose, forty five male students from the Department of Physical Education, Annamalai University were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the selected subjects were ranged from 18 to 24 years. The selected subjects were divided into three equal groups of fifteen subjects each at random. Group-I underwent resistance training for three days per week for twelve weeks. Group-II underwent resistance training with protein supplementation for three days per week for twelve weeks. Group-III acted as control. The percent body fat was selected as dependent variable. The data collected from the experimental and control groups on selected dependent variable was statistically analyzed by paired 't' test to find out the significant differences if any between the pre and post test. The data collected from the three groups prior to and post experimentation on selected dependent variable was statistically analyzed to find out the significant difference if any, by applying the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). In all the cases the level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 level for significance. The result of the study also produced 8.95% of changes due to resistance training, and 15.85% of changes due to resistance training with protein supplementation on percent body fat.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Resistance Training, Protein Supplementation, Percent Body Fat

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Twenty male hockey players from St. Xavier's College in Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India, were chosen at random to serve as research participants. They were between the ages of 18 and 25. The chosen participants were split into two groups at random, such as group "A," which engaged in yoga exercises (n = 10), and group "B," which served as the control group (n = 10). Group "A" practiced yoga five days a week for eight weeks, including an hour-long session each day. The control group engaged in routine activities but was not given any special instruction. Bent knee sit-ups were chosen as a variable, and the "Abdominal strength" (minutes per count) was measured. Data on a few chosen criteria variables were gathered both before and just after the training session. The dependent "t" test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to statistically analyse the pre- and post-test results. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. The group who practiced yoga was found to have considerably increased abdominal strength. However, there had been no discernible increase in abdominal strength in the control group.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yogic, Abdominal Strength, Men, Hockey Players

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of footwork drills towards the development of boxer's speed and stability performance. A total of 20male boxer's from Anna Stadium, SDAT, Tirunelveli were randomly selected as subjects, with ages ranging from 15-17 years. The participants were divided into two groups: Group I underwent Footwork Drills (FD) while Group II served as the control group (CG). The experimental group followed a structured training program for five days a week (Monday to Friday) over eight weeks, with training sessions conducted in the evening. In this study, footwork drills (FD) was considered the independent variable, while speed and stability (Dynamic balance) were the dependent variables. These dependent variables were assessed using standardized test items: speed was evaluated using the 30-meter run test and stability was measured by "Y" balance test. A pre-test and post-test randomized design was employed for this research. Data were collected from each subject before and after the training period and analyzed using paired sample t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicated a significant improvement and a notable difference in speed and stability among boxers due to the combined effect of footwork drills.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Footwork Drills, Speed, Stability, Boxer

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 school men football players were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's school, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 17 to 19 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' yogic with calisthenics (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent yogic with calisthenics for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight weeks. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "Wall sit test" (seconds) was used to measure muscular endurance were selected as variables. The pre and posttests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the yogic with calisthenics practices group had shown significantly improved in muscular endurance. However, the control group had not shown any significant improvement on flexibility

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yogic, Calisthenics, Football Players, Men, Muscular Endurance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social media has transformed the sports industry by enhancing fan engagement, athlete branding, marketing strategies, and real-time media coverage. It provides a platform for direct interaction between athletes, teams, and fans while also presenting challenges such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and privacy concerns. This paper examines the impact of social media in sports based on key objectives, exploring its benefits, challenges, and future implications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social media, Sports Industry, Fan Engagement, Athlete Branding, Sports Marketing, Digital Media, Sponsorship, Sports Broadcasting

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The sports industry is forced to use new marketing methods to stay ahead of other industries. Sports management is a business field that involves planning, organizing, and managing sports teams, events, and facilities. It's a broad career path that combines a passion for sports with business skills. Manages teams, athletes, and facilities Plans and organizes events Manages marketing, finance, and people Ensures smooth operations Boosts ticket sales Boosts ticket sales Supports athletes. Sport management involves the business side of sports and recreation, encompassing planning, organization, and management of sports-related activities and events. Professionals in this field work in various roles, including marketing, event planning, and team management, within organizations such as sports teams, stadiums, and sports media. A degree in sport management or a related field is typically required, along with key skills in business, communication, and leadership. Career opportunities exist in sports management, event coordination, marketing, and more, making sport management a dynamic and rewarding field for those passionate about sports and business.. Leadership positions in sports and recreation usually require at least a bachelor of business administration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sports Marketing, Sports Management, Finance, Sports Teams

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Flexibility is a crucial component of physical fitness, influencing overall health, posture, and injury prevention. Surya Namaskar, a traditional yogic practice, has been widely recognized for its benefits in enhancing flexibility. To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 women college hostel students were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. They were between the ages of 18 and 25. The chosen participants were split into two groups at random, such as group "A," which engaged in Surya Namaskar practices (n = 10), and group "B," which served as the control group (n = 10). Over the course of eight weeks, Group "A" practiced Surya Namaskar five days a week for an hour each day. The control group engaged in routine activities but was not given any special instruction. Flexibility was measured using the "sit and reach" (centimetres) as a variable. Data on a few chosen criteria variables were gathered both before and just after the training session. The dependent "t" test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to statistically analyse the pre- and post-test results. The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the Surya namaskar practices group had shown significantly improved in flexibility. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on flexibility

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Surya Namaskar, Flexibility, Yoga

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Interdisciplinary research has emerged as a vital approach in higher education, integrating diverse academic disciplines to address complex global challenges. This paper highlights the significance of interdisciplinary research in fostering innovation, enhancing learning outcomes, and preparing students for dynamic career paths. By combining insights from STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), humanities, and social sciences, interdisciplinary research nurtures creative thinking, problem-solving skills, and teamwork. The study explores effective implementation strategies such as curriculum integration, dedicated research centers, faculty development, and student involvement programs. While acknowledging challenges like communication barriers and resource intensity, the paper emphasizes solutions to overcome these obstacles. Ultimately, interdisciplinary research is essential for driving innovation, promoting collaboration, and advancing societal progress in higher education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interdisciplinary Research, Higher Education, Innovation, Collaboration, Academic Integration

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of the study was to find out the influence of yogic breathing intervention programme on stress among adult men. To achieve the purpose of this study, twenty (n=20) male adult were randomly selected from St. John's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India. The age of subject's was ranged from 18 to 22 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as Group 'I' underwent yogic breathing intervention programme (n=10) and Group 'II' acted as control group (n-10). Group 'I' underwent yogic breathing intervention for five days and one session per day and each session lasted between 45-50minutes for six week period. Group 'II' was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The data on stress were collected and administered by standardized questionnaire such as Everly and Girdano's Questionnaire respectively. The pre and post-tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior to and immediately after the training programme. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent- 't' test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for each and every selected dependent variable separately. It was concluded that the yogic breathing intervention group had shown significantly improved in stress. However, the control group had not shown any significant improvement on any of the selected variables such as stress.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yogic Breathing Intervention Programme, Stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of aqua aerobic fitness training on VO2 max and breath-holding time among male badminton players aged 18-25 years at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli. A total of 30 players were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=15), which underwent an aqua aerobic training program, and a control group (n=15), which continued regular badminton training. The training protocol for the experimental group included water-based aerobic exercises designed to enhance cardiovascular endurance and respiratory efficiency. VO2 max was assessed using the Queens College Step Test, and breath-holding time was measured using the nostril method test. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to account for initial differences. The findings revealed a significant improvement in VO2 max and breath-holding time for the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The results suggest that incorporating aqua aerobic training can effectively enhance cardiovascular and respiratory performance in badminton players.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Aqua Aerobic Training, VO2 Max, Breath Holding Time, Badminton Players, Cardiovascular Fitness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aimed to compare the performance-related physical fitness attributes of soccer players in different playing positions, focusing on speed, agility, and reaction time. Eighty male soccer players between the ages of 18 and 25 were divided into four positional groups: forwards, midfielders, defenders, and goalkeepers. Standardized fitness tests, including a 50-meter sprint for speed, a shuttle run for agility, and a reaction time ruler test, were used to evaluate performance. One-way ANOVA statistical analysis showed significant differences between positions (p < 0.05). Forwards demonstrated the best sprinting and agility performance, while goalkeepers exhibited superior reaction times. Defenders showed moderate speed and agility but had the slowest reaction times. Midfielders displayed intermediate agility and reaction time compared to other positions. These results highlight how crucial position-specific training regimens are for maximizing player performance and injury avoidance tactics. Future research should explore the effects of specialized training interventions on these attributes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Soccer Performance, Speed, Agility, Reaction Time, Positional Analysis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of the study was to find out the impact of meditation with asana practices on mental skills and stress among men students. To achieve the purpose of this study, twenty (n=20) Men students were randomly selected from ST. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India. The age of subject's was ranged from 22 to 26 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as Group 'I' underwent meditation and asana practices (n=10) and Group 'II' acted as control group (n-10). Group 'I' meditation and asana practices for five days with one session per day and each session lasted between 45 minutes for six-week period. Group 'II' was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The data on mental skills and stress were collected and administered by standardized test. The pre and post-tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior to and immediately after the training programme. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent-'t' test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for each and every selected dependent variable separately. It was concluded that the meditation with asana practices group had shown significantly improved in psychological variables like mental skills and stress. However, the control group had not shown any significant improvement on any of the selected variables such as mental skills and stress.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Meditation and Asana Practices, Mental skills, Stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of functional training on selected batting skills among women cricketers. To achieve this study, thirty women Cricket players have been randomly selected from University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, - Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamilnadu, India. The age of subjects was ranged from 18 to 21 years. The past experience of the subject at least two years in cricket and represented for the college teams. The test was carried out on the basis of subjective rating (two skills in batting) was carried out on each participant. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of fifteen each, such as one experimental group and a control group. The experimental group participated functional training for 3 days a week, one session on every alternate day and for 12 weeks. Each session persisted up to 60 minutes excluding warm up and cool down. The control group carried out their daily routine activities and there was no special training was given to them. The subjects of the two groups were tested on selected variables, prior and immediately after the training period. The collected data were analysed statistically through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significance difference, if any between the groups. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the level of significance difference, if any between groups. The results of the study showed that there was significant level differences exist between Functional training group and control group. Functional training group showed significant improvement on batting when compared to control group.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Functional Training, Subjective Rating, Front Foot Drive, Back Foot Drive, Batting

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of circuit training on HDL and LDL among football players. To achieve the purpose of the present study, thirty women football players from Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu were selected as subjects at random and their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups at random. The subjects were divided into two equal groups of fifteen players each. Group I acted as Experimental Group (Asana practices) and Group II acted as Control Group. The requirement of the experiment procedures, testing as well as exercise schedule was explained to the subjects so as to get full co-operation of the effort required on their part and prior to the administration of the study. Pre test was conducted for all the subjects on total cholesterol and triglycerides. This initial test scores formed as pre test scores of the subjects. The groups were assigned as Experimental Group and Control Group in an equivalent manner. Experimental Group was exposed to asana practices and Control Group was not exposed to any experimental training other than their regular daily activities. The duration of experimental period was twelve weeks. After the experimental treatment, all the thirty subjects were tested on selected variables. This final test scores formed as post test scores of the subjects. The pre test and post test scores were subjected to Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significance among the mean differences. In all cases 0.05 level of significance was fixed to test hypotheses. It was observed that the twelve weeks of circuit training have significant effect on HDL and LDL than the control group.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Circuit Training, Lipid, Football Players

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The intersection of engineering and sports has ushered in a new era of athletic performance, injury prevention, and fan engagement. This article explores the profound impact of engineering innovations on various aspects of sports. Advanced training equipment, such as the AlterG anti-gravity treadmill and wearable technology like the Whoop Strap, have revolutionized how athletes train and optimize their performance. Engineering advancements in sports gear, exemplified by Nike's Dri-FIT and Vaporfly series, have enhanced comfort and efficiency. Biomechanical analysis tools and rehabilitation technologies like Dartfish and Game Ready systems have improved injury prevention and recovery processes. Additionally, virtual reality and augmented reality, along with high-definition displays, have transformed the fan experience. Data analytics, powered by platforms like Catapult Sports and SportsCode, provide valuable insights for strategic decision-making. The article also highlights the role of sustainable engineering practices in designing energy-efficient and eco-friendly sports facilities, with examples such as the Mercedes-Benz Stadium and Levi's Stadium. Overall, engineering continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in sports, fostering advancements that benefit athletes, coaches, and fans alike.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Technology, Anti-Gravity Treadmill, Wearable Technology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 volleyball men players were randomly selected as subjects from the St. Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' medicine ball exercise (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent medicine ball exercise for five days per week and each session lasted for an hour for eight week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "Abdominal strength" (minutes per count) was used to measure bent knee sit ups were selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the medicine ball exercise group had shown significantly improved in abdominal strength. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on abdominal strength

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Medicine Ball Exercise, Abdominal Strength, Men, Volleyball Players

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition