Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Despite being stigmatized traditionally in India, live-in relationships have become more common in the society and the same is also evident in the evolution of laws in recent decades. This study shall provide a overview at how the legal recognition of live-in relationships have changed over time, as well as significant court rulings, legislative changes, and shifting public perceptions of cohabitation without a marriage. Additionally, it also talks on the rights of partners and their children while emphasizing on the conflict between customs and modern legal interpretations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Live-in Relationships in India: Legal Status and Societal Perception

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the current retail environment, digital marketing has become a powerful factor in determining what customers decide to buy. In order to better understand how digital marketing shapes consumer behaviour, this study looks at how companies use online platforms and tools to affect purchase intent, brand loyalty, and general customer happiness. With the internet, social media, and e-commerce expanding at a quick pace, digital marketing has emerged as a key component of contemporary company strategy, revolutionising how companies interact with prospective clients. A number of important facets of digital marketing that have a direct influence on consumer choices are examined in the study, such as the efficacy of search engine optimisation (SEO), targeted social media campaigns, online advertising, influencer marketing, email marketing, and the expanding significance of user-generated content like online reviews and ratings. In order to evaluate customers' reactions to different digital marketing strategies, the study used a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and in-depth interviews. Furthermore, case studies of well-known companies across a range of sectors provide information on how digital marketing campaigns are customised for particular customer groups. Key findings indicate that consumer impressions of brands are significantly impacted by digital marketing, especially through social media and personalised content. Particularly when paired with influencer endorsements, social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok are crucial in determining customer trust and brand exposure. Additionally, data analytics-powered targeted web advertising enables firms to send highly customised messages to consumers, boosting the possibility that they will make a purchase. Additionally, the study Shows that user-generated content, peer recommendations, and online reviews have a big influence on consumer decision-making since people are depending more and more on other people's experiences to inform their decisions. According to the study, brands that successfully establish an authentic online presence and cultivate deep connections with their audience typically see better levels of customer loyalty and retention, underscoring the significance of consumer trust and engagement. Furthermore, as more consumers use smartphones for both product research and purchases, the survey emphasises the growing importance of mobile marketing. In summary, this study shows that digital marketing is a dynamic and changing industry that necessitates constant corporate adaptation to new platforms, technology, and consumer behaviours. It is also a crucial instrument for influencing consumer purchase decisions. Businesses that effectively use digital marketing platforms to offer tailored, pertinent, They are in a better position to affect customer behaviour and obtain a competitive edge in the market thanks to compelling and interesting content.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Brand Loyalty, Influencer Marketing, User- Generated Content (UGC)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study has been undertaken to compare the clinical performance of the Siemens Dimension EXL 200 and the portable biochemistry analyser Mobilab for HbA1c determination. Accessible and affordable diagnostic methods are required due to the rising incidence of diabetes, particularly in environments with low resources. Mobilab provides a portable point-of-care testing substitute that promotes early detection and efficient illness treatment. 52 whole blood samples were drawn from patients at GNRC Medical in North Guwahati. The Siemens Dimension EXL 200 and Mobilab were used to determine the patients' HbA1c levels. To evaluate method agreement and device performance, statistical analyses were conducted, including Bland-Altman plots, diagnostic accuracy computations, sensitivity, specificity, and Passing & Bablok regression. With a Passing & Bablok regression slope of 0.9735 (95% CI: 0.6047-1.0500) and an intercept of 0.1869 (95% CI: -0.3375-0.9029), Mobilab showed a significant correlation with the reference technique. 95% of data points fell within the permissible ranges, according to Bland-Altman analysis, which revealed a mean bias of -0.0004%. Mobilab demonstrated its dependability in measuring HbA1c with a sensitivity of 95.65%, specificity of 93.10%, and total diagnostic accuracy of 94.23%. With excellent concordance with recognised clinical analysers, Mobilab offers a precise, portable, and affordable substitute for HbA1c testing. It is a promising tool for diabetes monitoring and management, facilitating early diagnosis and better patient outcomes because of its capacity to be implemented in environments with low resources.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HbA1c, Portable Biochemistry Analyzer, Point-of-Care Testing, Diagnostic Accuracy, Diabetes Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present research work was to develop and evaluate the topical herbal lepa incorporated with licorice for the effective management of psoriasis. Methods: The present study involves the preparation and optimization of liquorice herbal lepa by using natural excipients in powder and extraction for its and was in its leap form. The prepared lepa were evaluated for various parameters such as its color, odor, touch, state, consistency, texture, loss of drying, % drying, ash value, pH, skin irritability, spreadibiltiy, homogenity in the study. Results: The optimized formulation was found to have a color olive green and aromatic odor. The touch was fine powder and greasy and soft consistency found to be as expected. The texture was smooth and spreadibility also seemed to be easy spreading. The loss of drying and %drying was measured. pH of the herbal leap was 6.40 with the result of No skin irritability after its study. And is homogenous in nature Conclusion: The study showed that the herbal lepa formulation has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of liquorice in the treatment of psoriasis. These findings provide exciting new possibilities for improving psoriasis treatment and explores importance of continued research in this area. After many formulations finally got a stable herbal lepa with perfect texture and consistency which is safe to be applied on skin

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Liquorice, Psoriasis, Herbal lepa, Natural excipients

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aim The current study aimed at finding out the relationship between family environment and learning outcomes. The family environment was determined based on four components-- parental socio-economic status (SES), parental expectations, parental involvement, and peer group interaction. Materials and Methods The study was analytical in nature, in which the data already available were used to examine the relationship between family environment and learning outcomes of students. The relevant data were gathered from the previous studies conducted, using a "narrative review" type. Altogether 110 research articles on the problem were selected out of 121 articles after screening, of these, 71 (64.55%) were empirical studies and 39 (35.45%) were theoretical studies. Results Almost 100 per cent findings on the four components of family environment given above indicated that there was a positive relationship between family environment and learning outcomes, in which the higher the parental socio-economic status (SES), the higher parental expectations, the higher the parental involvement, and the higher peer group interaction, the better was the learning outcome. Conclusion All things being equal, it can be concluded that high parental socio-economic status (SES), parental expectations, parental involvement, and peer group interaction were significant predictors of learning outcomes of students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Family environment, learning outcome, relationship, literature, narrative review.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the structure, functioning, and evolution of stock exchanges in India, with a focus on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It examines the regulatory framework governing these markets, the technological advancements that have transformed trading practices, and the role of these exchanges in capital formation and economic development. The study also analyzes trading mechanisms, market participants, and the impact of reforms introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Through a combination of historical analysis, market data, and policy review, the research highlights the progress made in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and investor protection in Indian stock markets. The findings indicate that while Indian stock exchanges have made significant strides in modernization and integration with global markets, challenges such as market volatility, regulatory compliance, and investor awareness remain key areas for continuous improvement

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Stock Exchanges,Indian Financial Markets,Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE),National Stock Exchange (NSE),SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India),Capital Market,Equity Trading,Market Regulation,Investor Protection,Trading Mechanism,Market Reforms.Financial Instruments,Market Volatility,Electronic Trading & Economic Development.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hormonal variations cause a variety of physiological and psychological changes that accompany menopause, a normal transition in a woman's life. Menarche and menopause are two major turning periods in women's reproductive life cycles. Menopause is the most significant event in terms of the body's physical and mental changes. Typically, this occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. The feminine hormones progesterone and estrogen protected women while they were of reproductive age. An estrogen-deficient phase that occurs as people age causes ovarian function to decline, hastening the aging process and leading to menopause. Through dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, and herbal therapies, Ayurveda provides a comprehensive approach to controlling menopausal symptoms, placing an emphasis on balance. This paper explores Ayurvedic perspectives on menopause, drawing on classical texts and contemporary findings, and presents practical strategies to enhance the quality of life during this phase.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Menopause, Rajonivritti, Lifestyle modification

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drowsiness detection in drivers is critical to ensuring road safety and preventing fatigue-related accidents. This project presents a lightweight, real-time eye state classification system for detecting driver drowsiness, implemented as an offline mobile application. The system employs a MobileNet-based deep learning model trained on labeled eye images to classify eyes as open or closed. A counter-based logic determines the onset of drowsiness based on consecutive frames of eye closure and triggers sound alerts to regain driver attention. The backend, developed in Python using OpenCV, face_recognition, and TensorFlow, is integrated with a minimal cross-platform GUI built using the BeeWare Toga framework. The entire application is packaged using Briefcase, enabling seamless deployment on Android devices. The system is designed for offline operation post-installation, ensuring privacy and reliability in low-connectivity environments. This work contributes a practical and efficient solution for real-time drowsiness monitoring, emphasizing mobile readiness, user accessibility, and safety-first automation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drowsiness Detection, MobileNet, Eye State Classification, BeeWare, Real-Time Detection, Offline Application.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of sustained release gastroretentive floating beads of Glipizide to enhance gastric residence time and improve oral bioavailability for effective type 2 diabetes management. Glipizide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, is characterized by a short biological half-life and site-specific absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract, making it an ideal candidate for gastroretentive drug delivery systems. Floating beads were prepared using ionotropic gelation with a blend of polymers including Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), Carbopol, Eudragit RL-100, and Sodium Alginate, with calcium chloride serving as the crosslinking agent. The formulations were evaluated for drug-polymer compatibility using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and assessed for buoyancy behavior, entrapment efficiency, particle morphology, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. Among the various formulations, the optimized batch demonstrated excellent floating capacity (more than 12 hours), high drug entrapment efficiency (>85%), and sustained release over a 10-hour period. Drug release followed non-Fickian diffusion as indicated by Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models. The study concludes that gastroretentive floating beads of Glipizide provide a promising controlled-release system that may improve glycemic control, reduce dosing frequency, and enhance patient compliance. Further in vivo studies are recommended to substantiate these in vitro findings and confirm clinical applicability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Glipizide, Floating beads, Sustained release, Carbopol

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition marked by elevated blood sugar levels and modified metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is a situation that hinders the body's capability to manage blood sugar because of this elevated blood sugar level that happens in our body, leading to diabetes mellitus. The current research demonstrates to create a Polyherbal anti-diabetic herbal syrup by utilizing an extract from the leaves of Gymnemasylvestre and the dried seeds of Syzygiumcumini. Three formulations of herbal syrup were created (F1, F2, F3) Herbal plants utilized in the formulations demonstrate a powerful anti-diabetic effect compared to synthetic ones. F1, F2, F3 formulations were created and assessed. Assessment criteria of these formulations were determined to be within the acceptable limits and in vitro investigations were conducted for identifying antidiabetic efficacy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

antidiabetic ,polyherbal

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rise of mobile money has become a significant catalyst for financial inclusion, particularly in economies where access to conventional banking services is restricted. This investigation explores the elements such as user confidence, quality infrastructure, security transactions, and perceived ubiquity that affect the adoption of mobile money and its effects on financial inclusion. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey-based method to collect data. The target respondents are mobile money users, and banking consumers in Hyderabad. A convenient Sampling is used to ensure diverse representation. The study employs a regression analysis method to assess how user confidence, quality infrastructure, security transactions, and perceived ubiquity influence the adoption of mobile money. The results indicate that each of these factors significantly enhances adoption, with perceived ubiquity exerting the most substantial influence. Moreover, the findings indicate that the adoption of mobile money plays a crucial role in improving financial inclusion, granting unbanked and underbanked communities' access to vital financial services.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

User Confidence, Quality Infrastructure, Security Transaction, Perceived Ubiquity, Adoption of Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Road sign detection is an important module in intelligent transportation systems, and it is widely applied in driver assistance and autonomous driving technology. In this paper, we introduce a power-efficient, real-time road sign detection system based on a Binarized Neural Network (BNN) deployed on an FPGA-based PYNQ-Z2 board. With binary activations and weights, BNN reduces the computational complexity and power significantly, making it an ideal candidate for embedded vision systems. The system is simulated and tested in Xilinx Vivado and implemented in real-time on the PYNQ-Z2 board. The outcome demonstrates high detection accuracy, low latency, and low power, which implies its applicability in smart traffic systems.In addition, PYNQ- Z2 use improves education benefits and developer convenience through the ability to provide a Python-friendly setting for embedded applications. This provides opportunities for extended development and testing of BNN architectures in low- power vision-based systems, underscoring the synergy between hardware-level efficiency and ease of software development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Binarized Neural Network (BNN) Road Sign Detection FPGA PYNQ-Z2 Embedded Vision Real-Time Object Detection Low-Power AI Deep Learning on Hardware Edge Computing High-Level Synthesis (HLS) Traffic Sign Recognition Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Vivado Python API for FPGA Smart Transportation Systems

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the role of incentives and motivational measures in enhancing employee performance and organizational productivity. It examines both monetary and non-monetary incentives, including bonuses, recognition programs, career development opportunities, and workplace environment improvements. Through a mixed-method approach involving surveys, interviews, and performance data analysis, the research investigates how different incentive strategies impact employee satisfaction, engagement, and retention. The findings aim to provide insights for managers and HR professionals on designing effective motivational frameworks that align with organizational goals and employee needs. The study also highlights potential challenges in implementing incentive programs and offers recommendations for sustainable motivational practices.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee motivation, Incentive program, Performance based rewards, Monetary incentives, Non monetary incentives, Work place culture, Career development and Job satisfaction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In construction industry natural aggregate is the most popular constituent and mainly used in concrete, road construction, ballast on railway track, etc. In concrete construction upto 50-60% and in road construction 75-80% the aggregate is used. But the natural aggregates are natural resources and it is limited in country. As we know that India is a developing country and for different Therefore to find an alternative to aggregate is very important for future construction work. While finding alternative to the aggregate the waste material from steel industry resembles the same characteristics as aggregate. So steel slag get extracted in the process of steel manufacturing as a byproduct in molten form. As it is generated at very high temperature due to this after cooling it becomes strong and porous in structure. Though it is very strong it possesses mechanical properties such as Impact value, Abrassion value, Crushing value, etc. But due to porous structure it absorbs water excessively due to this its volume gets change which creates problem in use as aggregate. To solve it should have to give surface treatment with chemicals. But normally and cost effective is to giving the coating of cement paste and oil paint. So in this project we will going to find out the optimum replacement of steel slag in aggregate also the result of treated steel slag.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Theoretical framework, outline of project, design mix, comparison of results

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the role of entrepreneurship education on under graduated students in building entrepreneurial intention and startup activity. Degree completed students in various disciplines in Mysore region are selected as sample for the study. The study's sample size is 50 and it aims to explore whether entrepreneurship education is benefitting students to develop employed to elicit the responses with descriptive statistics to draw the result. The study result shows that majority of the graduated students has gained the knowledge of business and the business environment. The analysis draws conclusion that the entrepreneurship education has significant role and positive impact on entreprenship intention and startup activity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Entrepreneurship education, Entreprenship intention, Startup activity, Descriptive study

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Latent prints is an impression of the friction skin of the fingers or palm of the hands, sole of the foot and lips that has been transferred to another surface. Latent prints are vital & unique to identify an individual. Our invention relates to a latent prints powder. The currently available latent prints are usually ineffective if the latent print left is not within first week after placing the latent. The latent print visualization by using chemicals are toxic and potential health hazards. To overcome this problem it is provided that the Human hair are made into a powder form for the development of latent print powder for better visualization. The powder will adheres to the residue deposited from the fingers, palm, sole and lips on to the surface. Our powder method, which is simple, non toxic to human health, cheap in nature, available in black color, and as well can be utilized for the development of latent prints on various surface. This will plays a significant role in identifying the criminals in crime scene by analyzing old prints.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Forensic science, Latent print development, Human hair, Powder methods.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Respiratory infections continue to be a major cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These infections affect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and can range from mild illnesses like the common cold to severe conditions such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, respiratory infections are responsible for significant healthcare burdens and economic costs. This review explores the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and public health implications of respiratory infections. The paper also discusses current preventive measures and outlines the challenges and future directions in addressing the global burden of respiratory diseases

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Respiratory Infections, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Public Health Challenges

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a performance investigation of a window air conditioner operating with R-22 refrigerant. A custom-built test rig incorporating a psychometric chamber was developed to simulate real-world conditions and evaluate key performance parameters. Experiments were conducted under varying load conditions, including 100% sensible and mixed sensible-latent loads. Parameters such as cooling capacity, Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), and Coefficient of Performance (COP) were measured using enthalpy difference methods. Results showed that performance varied significantly with load type, with the highest EER observed under the enthalpy method. This setup proves effective for validating manufacturer ratings and optimizing AC performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), Coefficient of Performance (COP), Sensible Heat, Latent Heat.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Customary International Law (CIL) plays a crucial role in both the international legal system and the domestic legal framework of India. This abstract compares the application and recognition of CIL within these two systems. Internationally, CIL emerges from consistent state practice coupled with opinio juris, binding all states regardless of treaty ratification. India, as a dualist state, generally requires domestic incorporation for CIL to be directly enforceable. However, Indian courts have increasingly acknowledged CIL's significance, interpreting domestic laws in conformity with established international norms and principles, particularly concerning human rights and environmental law. While direct enforcement remains limited, CIL serves as a valuable interpretative aid, influencing judicial decisions and shaping domestic policy. The comparison highlights the varying degrees of interaction, with the international system placing CIL at its core, and India gradually integrating CIL into its domestic legal landscape through judicial interpretation and legislative action. This nuanced engagement demonstrates India's commitment to international law while upholding its sovereign authority.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customary international law

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The refugee crisis in Northeast India has had a profound effect on its beautifully diverse region, necessitating a nuanced examination of its implications. The socioeconomic effects of refugee flows are examined in this paper, with particular attention to the impacted states of Nagaland, Assam, Tripura, and Mizoram. It seeks to analyse issues like resource depletion, job competitiveness, and cultural assimilation that both the host communities and the refugees are burdened with. The study explores the relationship between resource politics and socioeconomic challenges , examining the ways in which the influx has affected social cohesion, education, healthcare, and local economies. The paper explores how foreign aid, civil society, and government policies have contributed to the management of the refugee crisis, highlighting the shortcomings of the governance and resource allocation. The study emphasizes the dual narrative of conflict and resilience in host-refugee relations by drawing on the case studies. The dynamics of resources, such as land usage and access to public services, are given particular consideration since they frequently make tensions worse. In order to highlight the need of policy recommendations for sustainable refugee management and community development, this study attempts to offer a thorough understanding of the socioeconomic impact of the refugee inflow in Northeast India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Refugee crisis, Northeast India, socio-economic challenges, resource politics,, sustainable management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition