Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Marma Sharira, a key concept in Ayurveda, refers to vital anatomical points where muscles, veins, ligaments, bones, and joints meet. Traditionally revered for their life-sustaining nature, these points were meticulously studied and protected during surgical interventions in ancient India. Marmas are the energy reservoirs, the centre of consciousness, and the hidden essential spots of the body and psyche. Marmas, which resemble acupressure spots, relate to different nerves (Nadis) and energy wheels (Chakras). In modern surgical practice, the understanding of Marma Sharira offers significant clinical insights, particularly in trauma care, regional anaesthesia, and minimally invasive procedures. By correlating Marma points with critical neurovascular junctions and anatomical landmarks recognized in contemporary medicine, surgeons can enhance surgical precision, minimize iatrogenic injury, and improve patient outcomes. The Marma points are where the life power, or Pran is located. Year-long blockages in the Marma points caused by toxins, stress, and bad emotions can result in pain, energy blockages, swelling, and a variety of ailments. Ayurveda implies marvel effect with Marma practice in surgical field through vital points to be focused on while treating the aliments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marma, Marma Sharira, Vital Points, Marmabhighata.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid advancement of AI technologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models has enabled the creation of hyper-realistic synthetic images, posing significant challenges in verifying the authenticity of digital content. This project addresses the research problem of distinguishing real images from AI-generated ones. We propose a solution by developing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based classification system, trained on a curated dataset of real and synthetic images. The model integrates with a web application that allows users to upload images and instantly receive classification results. Our CNN model achieved an accuracy exceeding 85% on test data, demonstrating its effectiveness. This paper outlines the dataset preparation, CNN architecture, training process, evaluation metrics, and future enhancement possibilities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI image detection, CNN, deep learning, image classification, real vs AI, computer vision

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide, necessitating innovative strategies for iron fortification. Chelation is a process of binding of ions and their molecules to metal ions. It enhances the bioavailability of iron and minimizes the challenges of oxidative stability and sensory properties with traditional iron fortification. Casein, a major milk protein, has a high affinity for binding divalent metal ions, forming stable complexes that protect iron from premature reactions in the food matrix and gastrointestinal tract. Chelation of iron with casein improves the solubility of iron in aqueous environments. Yoghurt, a widely consumed functional food, presents an ideal vehicle for nutritional fortification. The standard yoghurt was prepared according to the FSSAI specifications. The chelated iron was added into the boiled milk in the concentrations of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g per 100ml milk respectively before fermentation. The four samples were analyzed for physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties. Sensory analysis revealed that the yoghurt samples having of 0.5g and 1.0g and 1.5g levels of chelated iron were equal to the standard yoghurt in color, taste and texture compare to other concentrations. The iron content in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0g yoghurt samples were control-0.5mg, 0.5-3.4mg, 1.0-5.2mg, 1.5-7.6mg and 2.0-9.8mg respectively was analyzed by ICP-OES method. The study highlights the potential of casein-chelated iron as an innovative fortification method, paving the way for nutritionally enriched dairy products.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Iron, Fortification, Yoghurt, Fermentation, Casein chelated iron.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

chronic kidney disease, descriptive, hemodialysis, tertiary hospital

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid increase in vehicle usage worldwide has led to a surge in road accidents, resulting in millions of deaths and injuries annually. Human errors, vehicle malfunctions, and poor road conditions are major contributors. Delayed emergency responses exacerbate the issue. Road accidents have become a serious global concern. Traditional safety features like seat belts and airbags reduce injuries but don't prevent accidents. Modern technologies like IoT and sensor-based systems are being integrated into vehicles to improve safety. These systems detect potential hazards and alert drivers. They can help prevent accidents and improve road safety. Millions of people die due to the accidents. The main purpose of this paper is to rovide vehicle safety and a solution that automatically alert the driver to be cautious. In this system continuously monitoring the vehicle performance using sensors and the behaviour of driver with the use of IOT Technology. The Vehicle black box receives the information from various sensors like the MEMS sensor. If the accident occurs, by using GPS the vehicle location is traced and the information is sent to local hospital and police through the message. With the IOT Technology, this location is always traced in the cloud platform service. If any panic problems arises then the location is automatically sent through message and also the data will be uploaded through an IOT platform. The system incorporates an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles around the vehicle, ensuring timely responses to potential collisions. A relay is used to control the DC motor, which simulates vehicle movement, allowing for precise adjustments based on sensor input. Additionally, a buzzer provides audible alerts in the event of abnormal conditions, enhancing overall safety by promptly notifying the operator of any issues.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Sensor, MEMS Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, Potentiometer, GPS Module, GSM Module, LCD, DC Motor, Relay, Buzzer.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a refined approach to maximizing the effectiveness of grid- connected photovoltaic (PV) systems through an enhanced Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. While traditional P&O styles are valued for their simplicity, they frequently struggle with slow shadowing pets and significant power losses due to steady- state oscillations. Adaptive MPPT algorithms have surfaced as a result, stoutly conforming the anxiety step size grounded on propinquity to the maximum power point (MPP). still, they frequently come with increased computational complexity. To strike a balance between speed, delicacy, and simplicity, the proposed Modified P&O(MPO) algorithm limits the MPP hunt zone to just 10 of the power- voltage (P- V) wind -- where the MPP generally resides. It intelligently divides the wind into four regions using an estimated open- circuit voltage. In regions far from the MPP, it applies a large, fixed step size for quick shadowing, while by near regions, it adopts an adaptive strategy to minimize oscillations and power loss. Simulation results using MATLAB/ SIMULINK under varying irradiance biographies including sinusoidal, ramp, and realistic one- day conditions -- demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MPO algorithm. It achieves a fast confluence time of just 15 milliseconds and an emotional shadowing effectiveness of 99.8, outperforming both conventional and recent adaptive MPPT ways. This work highlights a practical and high- performance result for boosting the trustability and energy affair of ultramodern PV systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm, Matlab Simulink, Open Circuit Voltage.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In modern healthcare systems, the involvement of Third Party Administrators (TPA) plays a crucial role in managing insurance claims and ensuring that patients receive timely care. However, the discharge process for TPA patients in hospitals can often be time-consuming due to the need for multiple administrative approvals, coordination between the hospital and insurance providers, and documentation requirements. Reducing these delays is crucial for optimizing hospital operations and improving patient experience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

TPA discharge process, Hospital discharge efficiency, Delay in discharge, patient satisfaction, Insurance claims management, Discharge coordination.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract-Crankshaft supporting bearings in internal combustion (IC) engines are critical for maintaining structural integrity, reducing friction, and ensuring smooth operation, especially at high engine speeds. However, premature wear of these bearings can lead to increased noise, vibration, and potential engine failure, posing significant challenges in automotive engine reliability. This research investigates the causes of whining noise and vibration issues observed in 160cc motorcycle engines which are attributed to defects in the crankshaft bearings. The primary objective is to analyze and identify bearing defects through vibration analysis, comparing faulty bearings with healthy counterparts. The study explores the development and progression of bearing defects over time, focusing on common failure modes such as damage to rolling elements, inner races, outer races, and cages. The research aims to establish methodologies for early detection and diagnosis of bearing faults. By pinpointing the root causes of bearing degradation and providing diagnostic solutions, this work contributes to improving thedurability and performance of motorcycle engines. The findings are expected to enhance engine reliability, reduce warranty costs, and offer a better user experience by addressing complaints related to bearing-related noise from engine and vibration issues.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rolling Element Bearing, Bearing Defect, Vibration Measurement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The Historical Place Badami along with Aiholle, Pattadakal and some other sites in and around the valley of the River Malaprabha in Bagalkot District of Karnataka, contain some of the earliest temples built in stone of southern India, beginning with the constructions of the Early Chalukyan dynasty, which ruled from Badami (ancient Vatapi) during the 6th to 8th centuries CE. However, the history of construction of monuments in stone go back much farther in time, as evidenced by the large number of megalithic monuments that are distributed at several sites in the Malaprabha Valley. In continuation of our earlier work which argues that the Chalukyas and their successors were continuing the tradition of commemoration exemplified by the megaliths into later monumental architecture - ranging from temples to miniature shrines to other forms of commemoration, this paper examines the immediate landscape around the Bhutanath Temple at Badami (Vatapi) and interpret it as a memorial landscape with various forms of commemorative structures.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Huligemmana Kolla, , Bhutanath Temple, Megalithic, Ranganath Gudda, Agastya Teertha, Mahishasuramardini Durga, Hemakuta Hill and Kappearabhata

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Day by day the cases of heart diseases are increasing at a rapid rate and it's very Important and concerning to predict any such diseases beforehand. Heart disease cases are increasing rapidly every day, so it's really important to predict and detect them early. Catching the disease in time can help save lives and improve treatment. This research project focuses on predicting whether a person is likely to have heart disease, based on their medical information and history. To do this, we built a heart disease detection system that uses machine learning. We used several machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and Random Forest to analyze the data and predict if a patient has heart disease or not. The system looks at patterns and trends in the collected medical data to make smart predictions. After testing the performance of these models, we found that they can help improve medical care, make early diagnoses, and even lower healthcare costs. This project helped us gain valuable knowledge about how machine learning can be used to detect heart disease. The system was developed using a pynb (Jupyter Notebook) file format.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine learning, Heart Disease, Diagnosis, Algorithm _

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of Google Gemini, an AI-powered tool, for academic use among Arts and Science college students in Coimbatore City. It explores students' awareness, usage patterns, and the perceived benefits and challenges of using the tool for tasks like research, assignments, and exam preparation. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that while many students find Google Gemini helpful in enhancing learning, concerns remain regarding accuracy and ethical use. The study suggests promoting digital literacy to improve the effective use of AI in Education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Google Gemini, Artificial Intelligence, Academic Purpose, Student Perception, Digital Learning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper discusses Arvind Adiga's debut novel, The White Tiger, for which he received the Booker Prize in 2008. This groundbreaking work shows the harsh realities of 21st-century globalised Indian society, which is ridden with class conflicts. The Marxian class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat drives the whole plot of the novel. The narrative is characterised by the master/slave and have/have-not dichotomies. It is written in epistolary form. The narrator, Balram Halwai, exposes the dark underbelly of society where the means of production are in the hands of those who wield power in the system. However, Balram shows an exceptional vigour for revolution to bring about a new order in the world where the tables have turned, and the proletariat topples the bourgeoisie regime. Following the same Marxist strain, we will explore the concepts of 'Hegemony' and 'Organic Intellectuals' introduced by the prominent Italian Marxist thinker Antonio Gramsci, ways to overcome it through revolution, and the Foucauldian ideas of 'Power and Resistance', which are embodied in the character of Balram in the novel.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bourgeoisie, Class-struggle, Hegemony, Intellectuals, Proletariat, Power, Resistance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of AI software in enhancing training and development at Thermax Global Limited. It evaluates AI's impact on employee engagement, skill development, and well-being. The research aims to assess how AI influences performance monitoring and managerial support. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 employees. Data analysis was conducted using percentage analysis, weighted average, correlation, and chi-square tests. The findings offer recommendations to improve AI integration for better employee satisfaction and organizational efficiency.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI Software, Training and Development, Employee Engagement, skill development, reduce stress.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research examines how variations in soil CBR affect the required thickness of different pavement layers to ensure durability and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, the role of GSB, WMM, CTSB, and CTB in load distribution, stability, and longevity is analyzed using standard design methodologies such as IRC guidelines. The findings highlight that an optimal combination of high-strength base and sub-base layers can reduce pavement thickness, enhance service life, and lower maintenance costs. The study provides practical insights for engineers and policymakers in designing sustainable and economically viable flexible pavements

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GSB-Granular Subbase, WMM-Wet Mix Macadam, CTSB-Cement Treated Subbase, CTB-Cement Treated base

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research examines the emerging technology of food delivery drones and their potential to transform the restaurant industry's last-mile delivery systems. With increasing consumer demand for faster, more efficient food delivery services, drone technology offers a promising solution to overcome traditional transportation constraints. This study investigates the operational capabilities, regulatory frameworks, consumer acceptance, and economic viability of drone-based food delivery systems across urban environments. Data collected from pilot programs between January 2022 and December 2024 reveals that drone deliveries can reduce delivery times by up to 70% and decrease delivery costs by 30% compared to traditional methods, while maintaining food quality and temperature standards. However, challenges including air traffic management, battery limitations, weather constraints, and privacy concerns present significant hurdles to widespread implementation. The findings suggest that food delivery drones represent a viable solution for urban food logistics that could substantially disrupt current delivery models while offering environmental and economic benefits.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Food delivery drones, last-mile logistics, urban aerial mobility, contactless delivery, sustainable transportation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research examines the implementation and effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for navigation and obstacle avoidance in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As drone applications proliferate across commercial, industrial, and consumer sectors, the demand for robust autonomous navigation capabilities has become increasingly critical. This study analyzes various AI approaches including deep reinforcement learning, computer vision algorithms, sensor fusion techniques, and path planning methodologies that enable drones to navigate complex environments without human intervention. Data collected from experimental trials conducted between March 2023 and January 2025 demonstrates that AI-powered navigation systems achieve 94% obstacle detection accuracy in dynamic environments and reduce navigation errors by up to 78% compared to traditional algorithms. The research identifies key challenges including computational constraints, environmental variability, and sensor limitations, while highlighting promising developments in edge computing and neuromorphic processors that may overcome these obstacles. The findings suggest that AI-based navigation represents a transformative technology for drone operations that will significantly enhance safety, efficiency, and application versatility across numerous sectors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drone navigation, obstacle avoidance, artificial intelligence, deep learning, sensor fusion, autonomous systems

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Badalte samajik mulyon aur samkalin mahila rachnakaro ke sahitya me nari vimarsh

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Badalte samajik mulyon aur samkalin mahila rachnakaro ke sahitya me nari vimarsh

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of films is to entertain the general public and also to highlight various kinds of social, political, economic, psychological and familial problems and provide solutions to them. Films have been being produced in India for the past 90 years.While dialogues have importance in taking the story of a film forward, music also has its own place. Many types of emotions can be expressed through music. In 'Natya Shastra', Bharat Muni has clearly stated that the main purpose of a drama is the creation of rasa, i.e. when a person watches a drama, he identifies himself with the situations and finds solutions to them. Indian film industry is not only related to the films made in Mumbai but also includes South Indian films, Bengali films, Uttar Pradesh films,In Purvanchal and Punjabi film industry, films are being made in their own languages and hence the culture of that place is seen through films. By watching these films, people of every state of India get acquainted with the culture and civilization of other states as well.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Singer, Shiv-Hari, Sitar, Shehnai, Tabla, Sarangi

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

EEG Decoding, Electroencephalography (EEG), Cognitive Computing Brain Activity Fourier Transform.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

From the earliest maritime trade connections in the fifth century CE to the current worldwide diaspora, this paper explores the complex development of Tamil migrant communities, emphasizing important occupational shifts influenced by historical factors. It looks at the Nadan community's crucial role in ancient maritime travel and cross-cultural interactions with societies such as Greece, Mesopotamia, and South Korea. The story then switches to labour migrations to different parts of the world during British colonialism and the educated Tamils' post-independence migration to Western countries. Particular attention is paid to the distinct situation of French Pondicherry migration to France and the resulting socioeconomic and cultural ramifications. The dynamic rise and fall of Tamil Nadu's economy, the lasting impact of the Dravidian movement on the state's political landscape, the crucial role of cinema, the intricacies of caste and religious extremism, and the transformative impact of influential individuals like Kamaraj on education are all further examined in this paper. Finally, it looks at how Tamil Nadu's political dynamics may change in the future due to generational shifts, the rise of national parties, and enduring concerns about social justice and regional identity. It also looks at the rise of new political leaders. This sociopolitical and historical journey highlights the Tamil people's adaptability, tenacity, and long- lasting cultural influence over centuries and continents

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tamil Nadu , migration, Diaspora,Economiy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition