Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Traditional agroforestry systems are generally complicated to cope with changing natural conditions, although they produce ecological and economic benefits. This study examines the incorporation of IoT technologies for upgrading traditional agroforestry systems to climate-resilient and sustainable systems. With the installation of IoT sensors, real-time data analysis and precision management systems, the research tracks soil moisture, nutrient state, microclimatic parameters and pest infestations with the aid of optimizing irrigation, precision fertilization and predictive pest control. A comparative case study was performed to assess conventional and IoT-based agroforestry practices based on major parameters such as water-saving yield increase and climatic adaptability. The results found that the use of IoT greatly improves resource management, fore-emergent identification of environmental stress factors and system productivity. This study emphasizes the revolutionary power of IoT in transforming agroforestry practices, providing policymakers and stakeholders with useful insights. The replicable and scalable model suggested in this study fills the gap between conventional practices and new technology, opening the door to sustainable and resilient agroecosystems.

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Internet of Things (IoT), Agroforestry, Sustainable Agriculture, Climate Resilience, Precision Management, Smart Farming, Environmental Monitoring.

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The intersection of mythology and contemporary literary forms offers new insights into cultural narratives and their representation of identity, agency, and existence. In particular, the retellings of Indian mythology have come more and more to adapt to modern sensibilities and frameworks of understanding. One compelling lens through which to explore these transformations is the concept of the "posthuman" which challenges traditional notions of humanity and its boundaries. Environmental posthumanities, as a sub-genre focus on Nature as an active agent capable of influencing human behaviour and societal structures. It deconstructs dualisms like nature/culture, human/nonhuman and subject/object to emphasise the interconnectedness of all life forms. This paper makes a posthuman material analysis of the grotesque characters in Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy to show that they embody hybrid identities that reflect and critique contemporary societal and ecological concerns.

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Grotesque, posthuman, hybridity, liminality, abject.

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Food labels play an important role in communicating product information to buyers and manufacturers. It comprises information about the product's type, nutritional value, preparation methods and safety measures. Food labels are an important public health tool for encouraging a healthy diet. The study's goal is to assess cardiac patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding food labeling while attending a cardiac clinic at a tertiary care hospital. The study involved 370 male and female patients from Chennai SIMS Hospital's Cardiac Clinic. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, anthropometric data and questions of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding food labelling. The Statistical results were analysed using the chi-square test. Overall, the KAP Score revealed that 64.6% of people use food labels moderately, 11.1% inadequately and 24.3% adequately. These findings highlight the significance of food labels in reducing noncommunicable diseases by promoting educated dietary choices. Improving food labeling education and understanding can boost its effectiveness in terms of public health and disease prevention. The findings revealed that area of residence has a borderline relationship with KAP Score, however education level and medical history are substantially associated with KAP Score.

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Food label, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Cardiac clinic, Structured questionnaire.

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This study examines how gold price sensitivity influences consumer investment choices in Coimbatore City. Gold remains a preferred investment, especially during inflation and economic uncertainty. The research focuses on consumer behaviour, risk perception, and how price fluctuations affect investment decisions. The findings aim to offer insights for investors and financial planners in understanding local investment trends.

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"THE IMPACT OF GOLD PRICE SENSITIVITY ON CONSUMER CHOICE OF INVESTMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY"

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Diseases of the observance oppressively impact the quality of life of millions of people, but the treatment of these diseases is an ongoing, but frequently overlooked challenge particularly in terms of expression design and product development. The frequence of observance diseases has prodded significant sweats to develop new remedial agents, but maybe less invention has been applied to new medicine delivery systems to ameliorate the efficacity of observance complaint treatments. This review provides a brief overview of physiology, major conditions, and current curatives used via the otic route of administration. The primary focuses are on the colorful Administration routes and their expression principles. The composition also presents recent advances in otic medicine deliveries as well as implicit limitations. Otic medicine delivery technology will probably evolve in the coming Decade and more effective or specific treatments for observance complaint will arise from the development of lower invasive medicine delivery styles, safe and largely controlled medicine delivery systems, and biotechnology targeting curatives. This review aims to cement three hot motifs in medicine delivery( a) there-formulation of new Products intended for nose- to- brain delivery;( b) the development of nasal casts for studying The efficacity of implicit new nose- to- brain delivery systems at the early of their development( preformulation); the use of 3D printing grounded on a wide variety of accoutrements ( transparent, Biocompatible, flexible) furnishing an unknown fabrication tool towards substantiated drug by publishing nasal cast on- demand grounded on CT reviews of cases. This review intends to show the links between these three subjects. Indeed, the pathway named to guide the medicine to the brain not only impact the expression strategies to apply but also the design of the cast, to get the most satisfying measures from it. also, the design of the cast himself influences the choice of the 3D- printing technology, Which, in its turn, bring further constraints to the nasal replica design. Accordingly, the Formulation of the medicine, the cast medication and its realisation should be allowed of as whole and not independently.

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OTIC Ear, Anatomy and physiology of Ear, Determination of Bio adhesive, Nasal Preparation (pre-formulation studies), Intrinsic Properties.

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Agriculture needs to be suitable of supporting the world's entire population. Due to in near future it presumably will come impossible to feed the world population. To match this ever adding agricultural demand. It's constantly assumed that abundant water and soil and riotous sun are demanded, which directly translate into farther productive husbandry. While this has been sufficiently true for ultimate of mortal history, several newer and better technologies have proven that this is easily not inevitably true in modern day. Specifically, it's understood that soil is not a demanded element of successful husbandry, also, shops don't actually need true sun, but a bare slice of the whole spectrum. New disquisition and its operation have shown that the true conditions are actually are quality seeds, water and nutrients. Bettered space and water conserving styles off product under soil- less culture have shown some promising results all over the world. It's on this idea that hydroponics and aeroponics have come more applicable in the present script

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Aeroponics, environment, Hydroponics, Precision crop, Agriculture, Humidity, Temperature.

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This research showcases how the character Ravana of the Indian epic Ramayana has been realistically represented by subverting the conventional notion of the so called villainous characters of the epic. The article also looks into how Asura could also be read as a critique which challenged the traditional mindset regarding the thwarted 'other side'. As Asura being a remarkable reconstruct from the point of view of Ravana, speaks for the silenced entities and interweaves religious thoughts and historical attributes by employing an unusual diversion, pulling out all the stops to provide the narrative an independent existence, on the basis of the contradictory convictions employed in it. This relatively modern construct of the vanquished mythical characters taking rebirths in different tellings have now become a new form of mythology in itself. Hence this study sketches about what the epics really missed while glorifying the victors, their life and deeds.

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Retelling, Subversion, Other, Asura

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This paper examines Anita Desai's Cry, the Peacock (1963) as a powerful critique of gendered oppression and the silencing of women's voices within the patriarchal context of 1960s India. Through an in-depth analysis of the protagonist Maya's psychological deterioration, the study explores how Desai portrays the impact of marital alienation, societal expectations, and emotional invalidation on women's mental health. The paper argues that Maya's internal turmoil--symbolized through literary motifs such as the peacock's cry, dust storms, and moon imagery--serves as a silent rebellion against systemic marginalization. Drawing from feminist literary theory and postcolonial perspectives, the analysis underscores how Anita Desai uses narrative techniques and symbolism to reveal the devastating effects of silenced emotional needs and gendered subjugation. The findings illuminate the novel's enduring relevance to feminist discourse, particularly in its exploration of psychological trauma, female agency, and resistance within oppressive social structures.

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gendered oppression, silenced voices, female marginalization, patriarchy, psychological realism, feminist literature, symbolism

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Abstract The Telangana government's initiative to construct Young India Integrated Residential Schools (YIIRS) marks a significant shift in the state's education policy, aiming to replace Caste-segregated residential schools with a unified, inclusive model. With an allocation of INR11,000 crore for 55 schools (INR200 crore each), the project promises international standard education while fostering social harmony . However, challenges such as land Acquisition delays, funding constraints, and equity concerns raise questions about its Feasibility. This study examines the objectives, implementation strategies, and potential impact Of YIIRS, analysing its merits, demerits, and long-term viability.

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Keywords : Holistic education , Inclusivity, Quality Education, social integration, Transformative Education, world class education, Uniform Distribution, Equity and Equality.

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Water body segmentation using satellite imagery is essential for flood monitoring, environmental planning, and sustainable resource management. This study proposes a deep learning-based framework for semantic segmentation using SegFormer and DeepLabV3+ models, trained on a combination of Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) satellite data. The pipeline includes preprocessing using Google Earth Engine (GEE), cloud storage and access via AWS S3, and training on AWS EC2 GPU instances. Evaluation metrics such as IoU, F1-score, Precision, and Recall confirm the superiority of our model over traditional threshold-based methods. The system supports scalable, real-time monitoring for diverse geographic regions and climatic conditions.

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Water body segmentation using satellite imagery is essential for flood monitoring

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The above literature drives home the fact that many studies done on Hassan district have touched upon various aspects and they are diverse in nature.

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Abstract Personal data is an asset or a product of high economic value. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the level of trust and the protection of specific data from personal life. In India, crimi-nals have developed as a major concern for businesses with rapidly expanding business sectors and increasing numbers of corporate fraud cases. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of criminal liability for Indian companies. In the Modern era, corporate crime has become a big-ger problem for the judiciary system as a whole. Personal data protection is not currently regu-lated by other laws, but continues to be distributed among a variety of laws and regulations. Le-gal provisions relating to the protection of personal data remain sector based. It appears that in the context of privacy, optimal and effective protection could not be provided. If you see a victim of a corporate crime for the criminal act of escaping personal data, it is very natural that the company must be responsible for all of its actions. The guilt of crime comes from the saying. Legal proverb: "Actuated Non-Fast Rium Nishi men's sitting means that their actions will not be considered illegal if they are committed in an illegal state of mind. This is the basis of criminal responsibility. These are business related crimes committed by organizations. India can learn from other countries to improve its legal system and increase the responsibility of businesses to protect its financial system. Bad regulations and gaps in India have led to famous incidents and econom-ic mistakes. The types of losses and impact of corporate crimes are felt later (of actual victims) and seen later (by potential victims). Competitive businesses, customers, and the general public are among the victims of corporate crime. This research paper examines data abuse and gaps and challenges, controversy, law, and criminal liability for data for Indian judgments.

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criminal liability,CorporateCriminalLiability,data protection

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In the study of physical quantities, the structure faces the problem of crack's presence. We use Integral equation to solve such problems. In this paper we deal with two exterior Griffth cracks which are opened by force at crack surface. Here we get the integral equations which are reduced to Fredholm integral Equations, It is easy to make exterior Griffth crack to perform the experiment. Hence the problem is of physical importance and special case of loading is discussed.

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Griffth crack, Fredholm Integral equation

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This paper presents the design and development of a web-based backtesting platform tailored to the needs of retail traders exploring algorithmic trading. The platform provides an intuitive interface for uploading or fetching historical financial data, configuring machine learning models, and simulating trading strategies with customizable parameters such as commission, slippage, and initial capital. Built using modern web technologies including React, TypeScript, and Tailwind CSS, the system integrates backend services for model training and trade simulation. It supports realistic backtesting by incorporating data preprocessing, strategy validation, and performance visualization. The platform aims to make algorithmic trading more accessible by simplifying complex workflows and promoting transparency in model evaluation. Results demonstrate the platform's responsiveness and usability, highlighting its potential for educational use and individual strategy exploration. Future work includes extending support for additional models, real-time execution, and portfolio management features to further enhance its functionality.

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algorithmic trading, backtesting platform, machine learning, web-based simulation, financial technology

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In the era of digital innovation, crowdfunding has emerged as a vital mechanism for financing projects, especially those driven by startups and individuals. However, traditional crowdfunding systems often face challenges related to fraud, lack of transparency, and delays in fund allocation. This paper proposes a blockchain-based crowdfunding system that leverages Ethereum smart contracts, decentralized storage (IPFS), and web technologies (ReactJS and NodeJS) to mitigate these issues. By employing smart contracts, the system ensures that funds are released only when predefined conditions are met, thus fostering trust and transparency among contributors. The system's architecture is designed for decentralized interactions, allowing contributors to track campaign progress, vote on expense approvals, and securely access stored documents. Our approach highlights the immense potential of blockchain in transforming crowdfunding by improving security, efficiency, and accountability.

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Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Crowdfunding, Ethereum, IPFS, ReactJS, Decentralized Applications, Transparency, Data Security

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This paper aims at presenting a new model to ease group travel by integrating the traveler and travel agency. The model works by uniting people with matching travel goals so that they can form groups effortlessly. Therefore, travel agencies can now provide specific groups with customized rental cars and travel packages. The above system tackles issues faced in conventional travel booking and increases user satisfaction while also enabling agencies to profit from it. This review details problem definition, exploration, goals, architectural design, methods used, conclusions drawn, pros, cons, and possible future of the platform.

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Group travel ,Traveler , Travel Agency , Model , Customize rental cars , travel packages , User satisfaction, Conventional travel booking , Profit , System, Flutter, App development, Community, IOS app, Android app.

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Deep learning, with its automatic learning and feature extraction, has become a key tool in agricultural plant protection, particularly for disease and pest detection. This review explores recent advancements in deep learning for crop leaf disease identification, focusing on current trends and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. We examine the benefits over manual feature selection, discuss the challenges, and aim to provide a valuable resource for researchers in plant disease and pest analysis.

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plant disease; deep learning; convolutional neural networks (CNN).

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Realizing the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for human well-being and recognizing the role of education in achieving these goals, this research paper examines the role of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) in promoting educational equity. RMSA is a Government of India initiative launched in 2009 to enhance access and improve the quality of secondary education. The study evaluates the increase in enrolment among girls, Scheduled Castes (SC), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) students at the secondary and higher secondary levels in Punjab during the implementation period of the RMSA. Due to the high validity of U-DISE (Unified District Information System for Education) data, enrolment growth has been estimated using percentage analysis of statistical data derived from this source. The findings of this study indicate that during the RMSA period in Punjab, there was a notable increase in Gross Enrolment Ratios (GERs) and a reduction in transition gaps between secondary and higher secondary levels. Enrolment also rose among gender-based categories and socially disadvantaged groups, including SC and OBC students, at both educational levels. However, the enrolment growth among girls lagged behind that of boys, highlighting persistent gender disparities. Additionally, a significant proportion of students do not transition to higher secondary education after completing secondary schooling, with dropout rates of approximately 25% for boys and 23% for girls. The situation is more severe among Scheduled Caste (SC) students, where the dropout rate reaches nearly 30%. While RMSA played a key role to the achievement of the SDGs by increasing enrolment among disadvantaged groups, it was not entirely successful to sustain gains in the Gross Enrolment Ratio and was not fully effective in ensuring the retention of all students within the education system.

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Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Sustainable Development Goals, enrolment growth, gender disparity, Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Classes, Punjab.

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The paper introduces an extensive research investigation of the simulation model created for a hospital Emergency Department. The investigation was led in the Emergency Department (ED) at The Ohio State medical Center. A point by point patient stream procedure outline is created to study time delays, understanding medical procedures, assets, material streams in the framework. A simulation model was created utilizing Arena (7.0) to demonstrate the procedure stream of patients so as to investigate the ED System execution. The reaction variable in our investigation is understanding throughput. Lean Management based methodologies were proposed for improving patient throughput in Emergency Department. The lean administration methodologies center around making an incentive in framework, diminishing non worth included occasions, decrease of lines and turmoil in framework. A measurable theory testing test was led to contemplate the centrality/non essentialness of proposed procedures for execution in Emergency Department. The productivity of emergency departments (EDs) in taking care of patient floods during catastrophe times utilizing the accessible asset is significant. Numerous EDs require extra assets to defeat the bottlenecks in emergency frameworks. The supposition that will be that EDs consider the alternative of brief staff dispatching, among different choices, so as to react to an expanded interest or even the contracting incidentally non-hospital medical staff. Discrete event simulation (DES), an outstanding simulation technique and dependent on procedure demonstrating, is utilized for setting up ED tasks and the board related models. In this examination, a DES model is created to research and break down an ED under ordinary conditions and an ED in a fiasco situation which thinks about an expanded convergence of catastrophe exploited people patients. This will permit early readiness of emergency departments as far as physical and HR.

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Emergency Department, Simulation, Medical Emergency, Hospital

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3. Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose, drought-resistant perennial plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Native to Central America, it has gained global attention due to its high oil content in seeds, which can be processed into biodiesel, making it a promising candidate for sustainable biofuel production. Apart from its energy potential, Jatropha curcas is also valued for its medicinal properties, soil erosion control, and use in traditional agroforestry systems. The plant grows in a variety of climates and soil conditions, often thriving in marginal lands where food crops struggle. However, its cultivation faces challenges such as variable oil yields, toxicity of certain plant parts, and the need for agronomic improvements. Ongoing research focuses on genetic improvement, pest and disease management, and enhancing oil extraction techniques to make Jatropha curcas a viable crop for green energy and rural development.

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Jatropha curcas, Burn Healing, Wound, Cream, Boa-Active , Excipients , Skin , Irritation.

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