Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are changing the dynamics of higher education system in India. This paper aims to study the transformative aspects of AI, AR and VR on Indian Higher Education institutions (HEIs) vis-a-vis challenges concerning their use within the scope of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the solutions that have been proposed to facilitate their adoption in education. Using a theoretical approach, this study tries to investigates existing literature, expert perspectives and relevant pointers regarding these technologies in India's higher education system. The study sheds light on the evolving role of technologies like AI, AR and VR in digital campuses and the ability to foster learning environments that are more personalized and engaging. This research may enable the educational system of India to meet the aims outlined in NEP 2020 for creating a more inclusive, innovative educational ecosystem.

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 Keywords

Digital campus, Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Higher Education System, NEP 2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) devices at the network edge, ensuring secure and scalable authentication mechanisms has become a significant challenge. Traditional centralized authentication systems are often susceptible to single points of failure and struggle with the scalability demands of modern edge environments by outside attacks or internal cheating. In this project using blockchain technology to securing data without any third person to access data without data user knowledge. Pervious they using cloud services to securing data but now I am using block chain concept to securing data nodes format. in that admin send key to user only they generate and access file any third person access admin can report and block person. In cloud platform we can't use this kind of technology to securing data.

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Decentralized authentication, block chain technology, IOT (internet of things), block chain- based IOT (internet of things) to secure data, Authentication Protocols, Access Control

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Abstract: This paper examines the interplay of trauma, psychological transformation, and the bildungsroman tradition in The Innate Pathfinder: Even the Water Has a Voice. Positioned within a narrative where internal wounds find expression and resilience emerges from suffering, the memoir portrays a profound journey of self-discovery. Drawing on theories of psychological development and trauma studies, this paper explores how the protagonist's personal wounds serve as both obstacles and catalysts for growth. The bildungsroman tradition, typically associated with the youthful journey toward maturity, the protagonist's passage to selfhood is not linear but circular, mirroring the natural cycles suggested by the memoir's elemental imagery particularly water. Water, with its dual capacity to nourish and erode, symbolizes both the fragility and resilience of the human spirit. It becomes a metaphor for the persistent voice of the wounded self, whispering through every stage of the protagonist's evolution. Dr. Satvik the protagonist gives his major, minor experiences through eleven chapters where he spills out his repressed desires and exposures. The narrative structure of The Innate Pathfinder emphasizes fragmented memory, emotional dislocation, and the struggle for coherence after trauma. The protagonist's psychological journey involves confronting silences both imposed and self-generated and reclaiming the right to speak, to exist, and to define oneself beyond the scars of the past. Through this lens, the memoir is not only a coming-of-age story but also a coming-to-voice story of Dr. Satvik, where the protagonist must navigate inherited pain, societal expectations, and personal losses to ultimately reconstitute a new sense of self. This paper argues that the intersection of psychological trauma and the bildungsroman framework offers a richer understanding of how identities are fractured and reassembled. By situating the protagonist's voice as both a product of and response to trauma, The Innate Pathfinder expands the traditional boundaries of the bildungsroman genre. It suggests that maturity is less about the achievement of external milestones and more about the internal reconciliation of wounded fragments. In doing so, the memoir positions trauma not merely as a site of devastation but as a space where transformation becomes possible. Ultimately, The Innate Pathfinder: Even the Water Has a Voice articulates a narrative where wounds are not silent, they speak, guide, and even empower. The water's voice, like the protagonist's, reminds us that from within the deepest fractures, new pathways can emerge.

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Keywords: - Internal wounds, Coming-to-voice story, Self-generated, Confronting silences, Resilience

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This study presents a comprehensive financial analysis of Mahindra & Mahindra Limited (M&M), a leading Indian multinational corporation in the automotive and farm equipment sectors. The objective is to evaluate the company's financial health, performance trends, and strategic positioning over a five-year period. Key financial indicators such as profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and efficiency ratios have been analyzed using data sourced from annual reports and financial statements. The study also includes a comparative analysis with industry benchmarks and major competitors to provide a broader context. Findings reveal M&M's robust performance in its core segments, prudent financial management, and resilience amid market fluctuations. The analysis concludes with insights into the company's future growth prospects and recommendations for stakeholders based on the financial trends observed.

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Financial Analysis, Trend Analysis, Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency, Automotive Industry, Financial Performance, Investment Analysis, Comparative Analysis, Annual Reports, Strategic Financial Management., Indian Corporations, Economic Trends.

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As the demand for renewable energy continues to rise, there is an increasing need for more sophisticated maintenance and optimization strategies to ensure these systems operate efficiently and sustainably over time. Conventional maintenance methods often struggle to anticipate equipment failures or optimize performance effectively, especially in the complex and ever-changing environments of renewable energy infrastructures. This project explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to address these challenges by applying predictive maintenance and optimization techniques to renewable energy systems. By leveraging machine learning algorithms--such as deep neural networks and reinforcement learning--we developed models capable of forecasting potential issues and fine-tuning system performance. Our models were trained using extensive datasets gathered from real-world wind farms, solar arrays, and hydroelectric facilities. The findings revealed that AI-based approaches could accurately predict equipment failures with an impressive 92% accuracy rate. This led to a 35% reduction in unexpected downtime when compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the AI-driven optimization strategies boosted energy output by an average of 8.5% across all systems studied. One of the key strengths of the proposed framework is its adaptability. It performed consistently well under varying environmental conditions and across different types of renewable energy setups, indicating its potential for widespread adoption. Ultimately, this research highlights the transformative role AI can play in enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of clean energy production--marking a significant step forward in the evolution of renewable energy management.

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Artificial intelligence (AI); Renewable energy systems; Predictive maintenance; Operational optimization; Machine learning; Deep neural networks.

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Carpooling is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective travel option for college students traveling between home and college. This paper introduces the development and design of a carpooling mobile app that is particularly suited for college students. The application is intended to link students heading in the same direction, lower the cost of travel, alleviate traffic, and minimize environmental effects. We outline the features, technologies, and deployment approaches utilized and forecast possible implications from student surveys.

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Carpooling, College Students, Mobile Application, Sustainable Transportation, Ride Sharing

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A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The concept of a purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash represents a significant evolution in the way online payments can be conducted. Traditionally, financial transactions have relied heavily on intermediaries, such as banks or payment processors, to facilitate exchanges between parties. This reliance on third parties not only introduces additional costs and delays but also raises concerns about privacy and security. By enabling direct transactions between individuals, a peer-to-peer electronic cash system eliminates the need for these intermediaries, allowing for faster, more efficient, and potentially more secure transactions. The implications of this shift are profound, as it empowers users to have greater control over their financial interactions, reduces transaction fees, and enhances privacy by minimizing the amount of personal information shared with third parties.

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P), Electronic Cash, Online Payments, Digital Signatures, Double-Spending, Trusted Third Party, Peer-to-Peer Network, Timestamps, Hashing, Proof-of-Work (PoW), Blockchain, Financial Transactions, Intermediaries, Banks, Payment Processors, Privacy, Security, Direct Transactions, Transaction Fees, Personal Information

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As we see communication systems transform at an incredible rate of change there is a great demand for smart, secure and scalable solutions. In steps Quantum Machine Learning (QML) which is that which we see as a very powerful new approach which puts together what quantum computing has to offer with traditional machine learning thus bringing in a new age of communication networks. This paper looks at how QML may put forward solutions to some of the main issues in the next generation of networks which include 6G and beyond in terms of improving channel estimation, enhancing error correction, and optimising resource management. Also included in the picture are what QML's features of quantum parallelism and entanglement bring to the table which in turn have the promise of QML out performing classical models in areas such as signal processing, predicting network traffic, and improving in the field of cybersecurity. Also we see a report on the present state of quantum hardware and algorithm development as they pertain to how this may play out in real world network settings. At the same time we look at present issues which include hardware limitations, quantum noise, and the issue of developing very efficient algorithms which we also put forward possible solutions to. As a whole the report puts forth that QML may in fact play a very transforming role in the future of communication technologies in which we see networks becoming smarter, faster and more secure.

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Quantum Computing, Machine Learning, Next-Generation Communication, 6G, Quantum Algorithms, Network Optimization

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Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants face a significantly higher risk for neurodevelopmental delays across cognitive, motor, and language domains. Early developmental screening is essential to identify and address these impairments during critical periods of brain plasticity. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (BSID-IV), is among the most widely validated tools to assess developmental status in high-risk pediatric population. This narrative review explores the importance of early developmental screening using BSID-IV in preterm and LBW children, highlighting its clinical relevance, strengths, challenges, and role in guiding early intervention strategies.

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Preterm, Low Birth Weight, Neurodevelopmental Delay, BSID-IV, Early Developmental Screening

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The Reach Out and Read (ROR) program is an evidence-based early literacy intervention aimed at enhancing cognitive, language, fine motor, and socioemotional development in infants, especially those at high risk due to preterm birth or neonatal complications. This narrative review explores the impact of ROR on neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk infants based on randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Evidence suggests significant improvements in receptive language, cognitive abilities, fine motor coordination, and socioemotional behaviors following ROR interventions. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of integrating ROR into routine pediatric care for high-risk populations.

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Reach Out and Read, Early Literacy Intervention, High-Risk Infants, Neurodevelopment, Early Childhood Development

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This study aims to analyze the perception of taxpayers towards the existing taxation system in India, focusing on factors such as tax compliance, transparency, fairness, and the ease of filing taxes. The research explores the awareness levels of taxpayers regarding direct and indirect taxes, their satisfaction with government tax policies, and the challenges they face in the taxation process. Through surveys and secondary data analysis, the study highlights key determinants influencing taxpayer behavior, including trust in the system, the burden of tax rates, and perceptions of corruption and tax evasion. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the taxation system, ensuring higher compliance and improved public trust. This study ultimately seeks to contribute to the development of a more taxpayer-friendly tax regime in India.

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Tax fairness Ease of tax filing Direct and indirect taxes Tax policy satisfaction Tax awareness Tax burden Corruption in taxation

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Cerebral palsy (CP) often presents with oromotor dysfunction, significantly impacting feeding, swallowing, speech, and oral motor control. Traditional therapies have offered foundational rehabilitation strategies; however, the integration of emerging technologies is reshaping therapeutic outcomes. This narrative review explores the latest advancements in technology-assisted oromotor rehabilitation for children with CP, discusses their mechanisms, and evaluates their potential benefits and limitations based on current evidence.

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Cerebral palsy, oromotor dysfunction, technology

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This research explores the impact of wastewater from the vittalwadi STP plant on the corrosion resistance of concrete structures and investigations the role of corrosion inhibitors in mitigating these effects.

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Wastewater , Concrete Corrosion , Corrosion inhibitors , AI-Powered Water Management , Compressive strength.

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This study investigates grievance handling practices and their impact on industrial relation within the organization. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness, transparency and responsiveness of existing grievance redressal mechanisms. A structured questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 169 employees. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The study benchmark current practices against established industrial relation frameworks. Key findings highlight strengths and area for improvement, with recommendations to enhance grievance resolution and promote workplace harmony.

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Grievance Handling, Industrial Relations, Employee Morale

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Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDDs) often manifest with challenging behaviors that impact learning and social functioning. Movement-based interventions have emerged as adjunctive strategies to improve behavior and self-regulation in this population. This narrative review examines evidence for various movement therapies, synthesizes current evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of these interventions, examining their methodologies, underlying mechanisms in children with NDDs Findings from clinical trials and case studies suggest that these movement therapies can lead to improvements in attention, reductions in hyperactivity and impulsivity, enhanced social interactions, and decreased maladaptive behaviors. However, the heterogeneity in study designs and the limited sample sizes in many trials necessitate cautious interpretation of results. The review underscores the potential of integrating structured physical and movement activities into behavioral management plans for children with NDDs and highlights the need for future research, including larger randomized controlled trials, dose-response studies, and investigations into the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the observed therapeutic

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: neurodevelopmental disorder; autism; ADHD; aquatic therapy; yoga; equine therapy; sensory integration; exercise; behavior

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In this paper, We came with the Smart energy meter, With energy management taking center stage, the traditional energy meter does much less in providing instant data about power consumption. Smart Energy Meter with Real-Time Monitoring and predictive bill calculation, is designed and implemented based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The system consists of a PZEM-004T energy meter for the measurement of total power, ACS712 current sensors for the monitoring of individual loads, and a DHT11 sensor for the monitoring of environmental parameters. Remote load control is done through a 4-channel relay module, while real-time energy data is made available on a 16x2 I2C LCD display as well as uploaded to the Thingspeak platform, where it can be downloaded in .csv file format. The smart meter continuously measures voltage, current, power and energy consumption while also calculating the predictive billing on the basis of past trends. The data is locally displayed as well as the Blynk IoT platform, which gives users the ability to monitor energy usage and control loads remotely. This proposed design thus raises awareness among consumers, maximizing energy efficiency, and providing a cost-effective solution to home automation.

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Smart Energy Meter, ESP32, PZEM-004T, ACS712, Real-time Monitoring, Predictive Bill Analysis, IoT, Home Automation, Blynk.

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Abstract In today's rapidly changing world, mental health disorders such as anxiety have seen a significant rise, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety, when left unmanaged, not only affects psychological well-being but also manifests physically, resulting in psychosomatic ailments. This clinical study aimed to understand the causation, effects, and expression of anxiety specific to the Kali group of homoeopathic remedies through the study of ten clinical cases. The study was conducted at Sainath Hospital, with cases selected across different age groups and analysed using the Synthesis Repertory. Anxiety manifestations, constitutional profiles, and therapeutic outcomes were assessed. The findings suggest a distinct expression pattern of anxiety in Kali group personalities, marked by family-centric fears, financial worries, fear of being alone, and physical manifestations such as insomnia, palpitations, and digestive disturbances. This study reinforces the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic prescriptions for anxiety disorders, with the Kali group proving especially significant in cases marked by familial and relational insecurities.

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Index Terms - Anxiety, Kali group, homoeopathy, rubrics, clinical study, repertory, Kent's repertory, mental symptoms.

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A key component of international humanitarian law is the principle of civilian protection, which aims to reduce the human cost of armed conflicts. However, there have been numerous instances of this principle being broken during the Russia-Ukraine conflict, such as blind targeting, forced relocation, and attacks on civilian infrastructure. This study looks at how well both sides of the conflict have complied with IHL's provisions protecting civilians, highlighting known offences and their impact on communities affected by the conflict. Additionally, it assesses the extent to which international organisations, like the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), have addressed these violations. The paper outlines the difficulties in guaranteeing compliance with IHL and offers practical suggestions to improve civilian protection in contemporary warfare by examining major events and enforcement tactics.

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Civilian Protection; International Humanitarian Law; Russia-Ukraine Conflict; Compliance and Violations; and International Organisations.

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This study explores the potential of Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) for achieving sustained competitive advantage in Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Constructions, one of India's leading engineering and construction conglomerates. In an industry characterized by intense competition, cost pressures, and commoditization, BOS offers a framework for value innovation creating uncontested market space and making the competition between HCC and IRCON. This research analyses L&T's current strategic position and identifies opportunities to shift from competing in saturated "red oceans" to unlocking new demand through differentiation and low cost. Using a qualitative approach supported by case analysis, industry reports, and strategic tools such as the Strategy Canvas and Four Actions Framework and ERRC Grid the paper highlights key areas where L&T can innovate in project delivery, sustainability, digital transformation, and client engagement. The study concludes that embracing BOS can enable L&T Constructions to break away from traditional industry constraints and establish leadership in emerging blue ocean markets, thus ensuring long-term growth and profitability.

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Blue Ocean strategy, competitive advantage, uncontested market, long term growth, profitability

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Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medical system encompasses excellent knowledge about human body and provides a comprehensive view of the body structures, emphasizing their interconnection and balance, necessary for optimal health. In Ayurvedic Samhitas, description related to Rachana shareera is found abundant in Bruhatrayis (the texts of Charaka, Sushruta & Vagbhata). Laghutrayis (the texts by Sharngadhara, Bhavamishra & Madhavakara), with their primary focus on therapeutic&diagnostic aspects of health care, also enrich the anatomical knowledge with detailed descriptions of body structures, functional insights, & pathophysiological correlations. Information on Rachana shareera from bruhatrayis is accessible. How ever in the context of Laghutrayis, information pertaining to Rachana Shareera is scattered throughout. Indeed, navigating through multiple sources to find specific information can be challenging. This article will be a glance view for Rachana shareera in Laghutrayis and also highlight the multifaceted approach of the Laghutrayis in enhancing the anatomical aspects of Ayurveda.

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Laghutrayis, Brihatrayis, Rachana shareera

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