Volume 2 | Issue 4

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Chhattisgarh Ke Korava Janjaati Ki Jansankhya and Samajik Vyvastha

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This study examined the financial challenges faced by agricultural workers and how these challenges impact their well-being, productivity, and the sustainability of farming practices. Using a combination of survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 150 agricultural workers, we found that financial insecurity significantly affects mental health, stress levels, efficiency, and productivity. The interconnected challenges of high input costs, debt, and financial struggles impact their livelihoods. Our findings emphasize the importance of addressing financial insecurity among agricultural workers through comprehensive measures such as government support, financial literacy programs, access to credit, and the promotion of sustainable farming practices. These findings have important implications for policymakers, agricultural organizations, and other stakeholders concerned with promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security.

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financial challenges, agricultural workers, livelihoods, sustainable agriculture, food security.

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This research paper examines the evolving landscape of financial reporting practices and transparency in Indian corporates, highlighting key developments and challenges from 2004 to 2014. It explores the impact of regulatory changes, such as the transition to Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) and the Companies Act of 2013, on financial reporting quality. The paper addresses the roles of external auditors and internal controls in ensuring compliance and accuracy, and investigates the implications of financial reporting on corporate governance. Key trends in financial reporting, including advancements in technology, the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, and the shift towards real-time reporting, are analysed. By reviewing case studies and empirical data, the paper provides insights into how these factors contribute to enhanced transparency, stakeholder trust, and governance practices. The findings underscore the need for continuous adaptation to regulatory requirements and technological innovations to uphold the integrity of financial reporting.

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Financial Reporting, Transparency, Indian Accounting Standards, Corporate Governance, External Auditors, Internal Controls, ESG Reporting, Real-Time Reporting, Regulatory Compliance, Technological Innovations

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Manual scavenging is the most inhuman work in modern world. India is the notorious hub of manual scavenging. Manual scavenging has been an integral part of caste system and it survives in modern independent India as a testimony to the continuation of caste occupations and their myriad forms of coercions and social controls. Mahatma Gandhi in one of his celebrated essays ''The Ideal Bhangi'', published in Harijan in 1936, sees manual scavenging and scavengers in totally different perspective. He glorifies the social productivity of manual scavenging and illustrates the social need for someone becoming and continuing the profession of scavenging passionately without expecting any reward other than self-satisfaction. In this article we are examining to what extent Gandhian concept of Ideal Bhangi is in conformity with the modern notions of liberal man with autonomy and choice in life decisions. Here we are critically analysing the extent of personhood in Ideal Bhangi.

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Manual Scavenging, Ideal Bhangi, Personhood, Hermeneutics, Social Death.

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The intelligent traffic management system uses the air to improve traffic flow in the city and reduce traffic congestion by processing images and deep learning. The system performs preprocessing operations such as resizing, grayscale conversion, etc. by preprocessing the vehicle image in the configuration file. The main features are extracted using the metric and local binary model (LBP). These images are divided into training and test sets for developing and evaluating the vehicle evaluation model using YOLO. The traffic is calculated as the number of vehicles per unit length and sent to the cloud server for storage. The server uses a signal switching algorithm to calculate the time it takes for traffic to see the green light. The system's performance is measured by indicators such as accuracy and error, and the results are presented in comparison tables and tables. The web API also allows users to register, log in, upload images, and view results, increasing accessibility and user engagement.

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YOLO, LBP, Machine learning, smart traffic management

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The automotive industry is witnessing a paradigm shift in lighting technology, with advancements in Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), and Adaptive Headlights. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these innovative lighting systems, analyzing their principles, benefits, challenges, and applications in automotive engineering. LEDs offer superior energy efficiency, longevity, and design flexibility, revolutionizing automotive lighting across various components. OLEDs, with their thin, lightweight, and customizable nature, present new possibilities for interior lighting and display systems in vehicles. Adaptive headlights dynamically adjust to driving conditions, enhancing visibility and safety on the road. However, challenges such as cost, regulatory requirements, and technological limitations persist. The paper discusses ongoing research efforts and future directions aimed at overcoming these challenges and harnessing the full potential of advanced automotive lighting technologies. Overall, this research illuminates the transformative impact of LED, OLED, and adaptive headlight technologies on the automotive industry, shaping the future of mobility towards safer, more efficient, and aesthetically appealing vehicles.

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LED, OLED and Laser Lighting

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In a digitally interconnected world where individuals are continuously engaged across various social media platforms, engaging in activities such as browsing, chatting, reacting, and sharing content, this study aims to leverage this pervasive online presence to examine consumer responses. The goal is to gain valuable insights into the factors that influence a consumer's interaction with advertisements on social media platforms. These insights serve a dual purpose: enhancing existing products and services and generating innovative design concepts based on customer feedback. Marketers must strategically prioritize factors such as timing, content relevance, credibility, and product positioning to optimize campaign effectiveness and achieve desired outcomes. Social media has become an indispensable component of the modern marketing mix, playing a pivotal role in promotional efforts. Incorporating some form of online marketing via social media platforms is essential for all businesses, particularly those operating in industries characterized by constantly shifting trends, such as fashion and handicrafts. This paper undertakes empirical research to assess the efficacy of social media as a marketing tool, with a focus on understanding its impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. Additionally, strategies are proposed to maximize the effectiveness of social media marketing initiatives.

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social media, marketing tool.

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Palmistry, traditionally regarded as the art of characterizing and forecasting the future through the analysis of palm lines and fingers, known as palm reading or chirology, remains a field largely dependent on personal interpretation. Despite its inherent potential, palmistry lacks significant technical development, relying heavily on subjective analysis. In this study, we introduce a novel ratio-based system for characterizing individuals based on the dimensions of their palms and fingers. Employing image processing techniques, we present a methodological framework to generate and analyze results, aiming to enhance the precision and objectivity of palmistry assessments.

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Palmistry, Palm-width , Palm-length, Finger length , Jupiter ruled, Saturn ruled, Sun ruled, Mercury ruled.

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This research paper examines the revolutionary movements in modern India, focusing on their ideologies, strategies, historical significance, and lasting impact. Beginning with an exploration of the socio-political context of colonial India, the paper delves into the diverse ideologies that influenced revolutionary groups, including nationalism, socialism, and communism. It analyses key revolutionary movements such as the Ghadar Movement, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), and the Quit India Movement, highlighting their objectives, strategies, and leadership figures. The paper also discusses the historical significance of these movements, emphasizing their role in India's struggle for independence, their inspiration of mass movements, and their legacy in shaping contemporary Indian politics. By examining the strategies and tactics employed by revolutionaries, as well as their enduring impact on Indian society, this paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of resistance and liberation in colonial India.

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Revolutionary movements, modern India, ideologies, strategies, historical significance, colonial rule, nationalism, socialism, communism, leadership, mass mobilization, independence movement.

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The effects of western civilization and culture on Africa are in several phases: Neoliberalism, liberal democracy, globalization, individualism/family values, etc. Again, all these can conveniently be accommodated under the scope of wider phases of effects of western civilization. Western civilization is a commitment to Neoliberalism, commitment to liberal democracy, commitment to consumerism and commitment to Christian worldview as the origin of western civilization. Colonialism and liberal democracy will be put under political effect, neoliberalism under economic effect and missionary to be under social effect. This observation provides a broader perspective on the phenomenon of Westernization and its effect on African - America, an observation made as early as the late nineteenth century by the great African cultural theorist Edward Wilmot Blyden and summed up in the late twentieth century by Ali Mazrui as "the triple heritage".

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western civilization, Neoliberalism, liberal democracy, globalization,etc.

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Dharma is said to be the pathless path of all human beings. It embraces the whole life man. Every person swears by dharma, but no two people have common dharma to abide by. And it is very difficult to get an exact translation of this word in any language in the world. Like its concept, the word also is very difficult to be understood in its totality. Any definition of it falls short of its whole working. Many attempts have been made by authors of Dharmasastra to define and explain the word dharma. From the literal meaning of the verb dhrin of the word dharma, dh'in dharayate, it is understood that dharma is the sustaining power of the individual and the society where one lives in "dharanat dharma ityahuh, dharmo dharayate prajah, Yo vai dharanasamyuktah sa dharma iti nischayah(1) ;

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Dharma as Moral Conduct in Smrtis

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Abstract: A survey in Vaishali District has been done for documented ethnomedicinal plants. About 71 plants have reported in this manuscript which is used for various diseases. This manuscript is very useful for those who work with herbal plants.

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Keywords: Vaishali, Ethnomedicinal, Ethnobotanical, Plants.

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The paper seeks to explore selected Romance plays of Shakespeare namely, The Winters Tale, Pericles Prince of Tyre, and Cymbeline for discourses of the ideals for a healthy and prospering community. It attempts to undertake exploration of important questions regarding the basis of construction of power in society and how it impacts the agency of the individual. At the center of the thematic concerns of the plays lies the idea of social regeneration.

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Romances, Social Regeneration, Pastoral, Anarchic Individualism, Moral Order.

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Globalization has significantly transformed India's foreign policy and diplomatic engagements across various dimensions. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of globalization on India's diplomatic landscape up to 2013. Examining economic, political, cultural, and social facets, it delineates the nuanced changes brought about by globalization. Economically, India witnessed exponential growth in trade and GDP, soaring from $18 billion to $312 billion in exports and from $326 billion to $1.87 trillion in GDP between 1990 and 2013. However, challenges emerged, including vulnerability to global financial fluctuations and asymmetric trade agreements. Strategically, India diversified alliances, engaging in international forums, and forging strategic partnerships. Culturally, globalization acted as a conduit for India's soft power, amplifying the global reach of Bollywood, cuisine, and the Indian diaspora. Challenges arose concerning agricultural sustainability and balancing cultural exchanges with national interests. Despite challenges, globalization presented opportunities, fostering technological advancements, and enhancing India's global influence. The paper concludes that while globalization propelled India into the global arena, it necessitated adaptive policies to balance national interests with global responsibilities. Understanding these multifaceted impacts is crucial in formulating diplomatic strategies that sustain India's identity in an interconnected world.

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Globalization, India, Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, Economic Impact, Strategic Shifts, Cultural Influence, Challenges, Opportunities, Soft Power

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O. Henry wrote a short story titled The Gift of the Magi. The narrative is on a young married couple who lose their personal belongings in order to overcome the difficulty of giving each other Christmas presents. They both came from middle-class families, and although though they didn't have much money, they wanted to surprise each other with a present to express their love. Although everyone needs money in their lives, love is more necessary for success and happiness than material wealth.

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Love, Marriage, Sacrifice, Money

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Keywords: Efficacy, boom performance, prebiotic, wheat flour, survival.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, redefining industries, and reshaping the way we interact with technology. This research paper delves into the principles that underpin AI systems and investigates their diverse applications across various domains. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in AI, discussing the fundamental concepts, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks that power these systems. Moreover, this paper explores the practical applications of AI across fields such as healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, natural language processing, and robotics. It highlights the tangible benefits AI offers, including improved efficiency, decision-making, and problem-solving capabilities. Furthermore, ethical considerations and societal implications of AI are addressed, emphasizing the importance of responsible AI development and deployment. The paper also delves into future directions, discussing emerging trends and potential challenges on the horizon. In summary, this research paper offers a holistic perspective on the principles and applications of artificial intelligence, providing insights into its current impact and future potential. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to understand the multifaceted landscape of AI in the contemporary world.

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Exploring the Foundations and Real-World Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Principles, Applications, and Future Directions

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The present study deals with the exact solutions of Bianchi type-I cosmological model in Lyra geometry and Barber's second self-creation theory with disordered radiation. We have assumed a special law of variation for Hubble's parameter that yield a constant value of deceleration parameter. Some physical consequences of the model have also been discussed.

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Bianchi space-times, Deceleration parameter, Cosmological models, Hubble's parameter

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Green chemistry, a pivotal field within sustainable chemistry, has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, particularly in the realm of synthesizing renewable polymers. This abstract provides an overview of the innovative strategies and methodologies that have emerged, focusing on the sustainable synthesis of polymers from renewable resources.

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Green chemistry, renewable polymers and catalytic transformations

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According to extensive surveys the zinc (Zn) content of soils, is generally in the range of 10-300 ppm. Certainly Zn, because of its concentration, can be considered as a trace element in soil. It occurs most frequently in the lithosphere as the mineral ZnS (sphalerite). Zn appears to be scattered throughout the mineral fraction of soils. The critical Zn level found in youngest expanded leaves for 90% maximum yield was 16 mg kg-1 dry biomass. Zn-efficient Excalibur had greater net Zn uptake rates as compared to Zn-inefficient variety but they were not different at the 6-week harvest. Zinc-deficient plants had greater net uptake rates of Cu, Mn, B, P, and K but a reduced uptake rate of Fe. It is concluded that higher seed Zn content acted similar to a starter-fertilizer effect. Despite the importance of zinc as a micronutrient for plant growth, there have been relatively few studies of the mechanism of zinc uptake. It is clear from a recent review of the literature that there is currently little agreement on how zinc crosses the plasma-lemma of plant cells. The questions which have not been satisfactorily answered are whether zinc enters via ion channels or via a divalent-cation carrier. Zinc functions as an enzyme activator in carbohydrate metabolism and protein formation. Deficiency symptoms usually appear first on relatively young leaves early in growing season. In broadleaf plants, zinc deficiency results in a shortening of internodes and a decrease in leaf size. Snap bean develops a yellowing between the leaf veins. However, it is very difficult to distinguish between zinc and manganese deficiencies in this crop. Zn in the leaf is associated with low molecular weight complexes, storage metallo-proteins, free ions, and insoluble forms associated with the cell wall. Zn can become inactivated within the cell either by legend formation or by forming different compounds with phosphorous. High amount of zinc concentration in soil have an adverse effect on seed germination. When the concentration of Zn is too high, the permeability of the seed membrane of the seed is destroyed, the conductivity of the seed increases with the increase of zinc concentration, and the electrolyte leakage rate increases with the increase of zinc concentration. Zinc is vital for all life forms and plays a crucial role in plant defense system due to its involvement in key enzymes activity, gene regulation and protein synthesis. It also helps maintain photosynthetic activities, stabilize biological membranes, maintain CO2 concentration in mesophyll cells and repair the PSII during photo-inhibition. Zinc deficiency increases sensitivity to heat and drought stresses and may result in drastic reductions in grain yield.

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Zn uptake, heavy metal, plants, germination, Chickpea, Cicer arietinum

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