Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

This study examines the effects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on the equity performance of Indian companies from 2020 to 2024, focusing on sectoral fluctuations in the adoption of ESG. The research examines the increasing importance of ESG practices. Part of this was implemented under regulatory framework conditions such as Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) introduced by the Securities and Exchange Commission of India (SEBI). This study analyzes how ESG values affect stock prices and considers the role of sustainability in improving financial stability and long-term value-added. Industry such as cement and metals facing greater regulatory pressures are becoming more ESG obligations. In contrast, sectors such as banks and real estate are lagging behind in ESG integration. In particular, this study shows that higher ESG values do not always correlate with stock price increases, and that other market variables also play an important role in stock reviews. Companies with consistent ESG performance, such as Infosys Ltd. and Hindustan Unilever Ltd, show market stability and strong investors' trust, highlighting the long-term benefits of ESG orientation. Nevertheless, there are clear indications of change in investor behavior compared to ESG-conscious investments. This reflects an increase in preference for companies that prioritize ethical practices and sustainability. As ESG reports become more standard, they are expected to play a more important role in the design of the company's performance and the financial markets of India, and for companies striving to adjust both sustainability, opportunities and challenges and profitability.

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 Keywords

Environment, Social and Governance (ESG); Equity Performance; Indian Companies; Sectoral Variation; Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR); Securities and Exchange Commission of India (SEBI); Sustainability; Financial Stability; Investor Behavior; Ethical Investment; ESG Report; Management; Midcap Company. Market assessment; strategic decision-making - creation.

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Slums have become an inevitable part of urbanization, especially in developing countries, where rapid population growth and migration have led to the expansion of informal settlements. These areas are often characterized by inadequate housing, poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water, and insufficient healthcare facilities. The socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers remain precarious, with limited employment opportunities, low incomes, and poor educational attainment. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of slum demographics, their spatial distribution, and the factors contributing to their growth. This study aims to analyze the trends in slum populations, assess the socio-economic conditions of residents, and examine the impact of urban expansion on the proliferation of slums. Additionally, the research explores the effectiveness of government policies and interventions aimed at slum redevelopment and rehabilitation. By identifying key gaps in existing programs, the study seeks to provide insights into sustainable solutions for improving the quality of life of slum dwellers. The research employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. Secondary data from government reports, census records, and urban development agencies are analyzed to understand population trends and housing conditions. Field observations, interviews, and surveys provide firsthand insights into the challenges faced by slum residents. Statistical tools are applied to examine patterns of slum growth and the socio-economic impact of policy interventions. Findings indicate that slum populations continue to rise due to rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration. According to OpenCity Urban Data Portal, Pune has a total of 390 slums, including 269 notified and 121 recognized slums. The highest slum population is recorded in the "Sihagad Road" ward, with 115905 residents, while the lowest is in Kondhwa-Yewalewadi, with 4,890 slum dwellers. Despite policy measures, access to essential services such as clean water, sanitation, healthcare, and education remains inadequate. Economic instability and job insecurity further exacerbate poverty levels in slums. However, community-driven initiatives and targeted welfare programs have demonstrated positive outcomes in certain areas. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable urban planning, inclusive policy frameworks, and participatory governance to improve living standards in slums effectively.

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 Keywords

Slum, Urbanization, Urban Planning, Housing Conditions, Slum Population, Urban Poverty

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Religious endowments, historically rooted in spiritual and community service, face growing challenges in aligning with contemporary goals of sustainability, inclusivity, and global relevance. This paper explores progressive approaches to reforming religious endowment (waqf) systems to better serve diverse communities in a rapidly evolving world. Through an interdisciplinary analysis incorporating economics, ethics, and governance, the study proposes a framework for a sustainable and inclusive endowment model. Key recommendations include transparent management practices, integration with social and environmental objectives, and adaptive legal structures that accommodate both traditional values and modern needs. By reimagining endowments as tools for social justice, development, and global harmony, this research contributes to a forward-looking vision for religious institutions in the 21st century

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 Keywords

Inclusive Global Future; Sustainable; Religious Endowment

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Given the disadvantages of global supply chain plans being controlled by a few countries, Global supply chains have been diversified to achieve regional goals. Countries that are Major sources of supply for some exports may "weaponize" their trade relations to Enhance their regional advancement. This brief article argues that while many measures Have been taken worldwide to combat such threats, efforts to improve supply chains Should be supported by financial support to reduce the costs associated with such re-Operations.

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 Keywords

Supply chain reorganization,COVID-19 pandemic,Supply chain resilience, Just-in-time (JIT), Supply chain diversification, Technology in supply chains (AI, Blockchain, IoT), Structural ambidexterity, Supply chain agility, Nearshoring / friend-shoring, Resource allocation.

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Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a great tool for the economic development of a country, Public-Private Partnership helps the public sector to utilize the skills and capital of the private sector to boost development. Many challenges are faced while restructuring in the wave of globalization and privatization. To successfully meet these challenges, the emergence of private-public partnerships is seen. Public-private partnerships assume a higher level of responsibility compared to traditional public-sector operations. PPP involves complex agreements between public and private entities. Today's India is one of the largest economies in the world. Therefore, good opportunities are available for Public-Private Partnership. The main requirement of any project is financing. The main advantage of PPP is that private entities provide financing. Many challenges are faced while restructuring in the wave of globalization and privatization. To successfully meet these challenges, the emergence of private-public partnerships is seen.

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Public-Private Partnership, development of infrastructure

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of the sharing economy has significantly transformed the transportation landscape, reshaping how individuals access mobility services and how urban systems are managed. The sharing economy which has emerged and received much attention in the recent past is a pattern of exchange, whereby individuals can obtain the use of a resource without actually owning it. This kind of consumption changes the orientation from ownership of goods and property, to temporary use of objects such as automobiles, spaces for living and work, and different services. The sharing economy was launched with the primary aim of dealing with the under utilization of more resources, coming up with an enhanced device of fulfilling the consumer demand cheaply. In the context of transport, this economic model has created the so-called platforms of sharing, including and not limited to ride-sharing, car-sharing, biking-sharing, etc, which means access without ownership. Services like Uber, Lyft, and Cars are seen to have disrupted the transportation system since they link consumers with providers or users with vehicles or car-sharing services in a way that results in optimised utilization of the transport stock. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the evolution, impact, and implications of the sharing economy in the transportation space from 2013 to 2023. Drawing upon 33 peer-reviewed and authoritative sources, the review analyzes key trends across sectors such as sharing economy, ride-hailing, car-sharing, micromobility, platform logistics, and policy frameworks. The study employs a structured review methodology, with inclusion criteria focused on transportation-related sharing models, and highlights publication trends and year wise representation of the scholarly research articles. The findings reveal that the sharing economy has influenced mobility patterns, urban planning, equity considerations, and sustainable transport policies. However, critical gaps persist in areas such as regulatory frameworks, equitable access, and platform labor practices. The review provides evidence-based insights for policymakers, transport planners, and academic researchers seeking to understand the complexities and future directions of shared transportation systems in an increasingly digital and urbanized world.

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 Keywords

sharing economy, car-sharing, mobility, platform economy, shared transport, urban mobility, sustainable logistics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India's dynamic economy and diverse workforce lead to good Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Medium-scale industries contribute significantly to employment generation and GDP. The effectiveness of HRM practices in these industries directly influences organizational performance and employee retention.

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A Study of HRM Practices and Its Impact on organizational performance and employee stability in medium scale industry"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Foundation of India's economy is made up of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which show a key role in manufacturing production, work formation, and monetary development. A sustainability of MSMEs in Ahmednagar district, where they are important to local livings, depend severely on the effectiveness of human resource management practices, specially staffing. With an importance on inspiring reasonable, diverse and real hiring and preservation policies amongst staffs, this study examines how inclusive business models might improve the staffing function inside MSMEs. Business models that sustainably incorporate low-income groups as workers, suppliers, distributors, or consumers are known as inclusive business models. These models place a strong emphasis on shared value, equity, and participation--all of which are becoming more and more important in the current socioeconomic environment. The study looks into how these models are used in Ahmednagar's MSMEs and how much they affect hiring procedures, from hiring and selection to training, development, and retention. The study uses a mixed-approaches methodology. Employees from a variety of industries in the Ahmednagar area, HR managers, and MSME owners are given standardized questionnaires to complete in order to gather quantitative data. In-depth interviews and case studies of particular MSMEs renowned for their creative staffing techniques provide qualitative insights. According to the report, inclusive business models enhance employee engagement, promote diversity in hiring, and lower turnover rates, all of which have a favourable impact on the staffing function. Additionally, they assist MSMEs in coordinating their HR strategy with long-term sustainability objectives and social responsibility. The survey does, however, also highlight the main obstacles MSMEs face when implementing inclusive practices, including a lack of formal HR structures, a lack of resources, and reluctance to change. To overcome these obstacles, policy proposals are put forth, such as the necessity of government incentives, capacity-building initiatives, and closer ties between MSMEs and institutions that provide skill development. The results highlight how inclusive business models may be used as strategic instruments to enhance worker quality and fortify the staffing function in MSMEs. MSMEs in Ahmednagar can improve their operational effectiveness and promote wider socioeconomic inclusion by embracing inclusivity. Thus, by providing useful insights for scholars, company executives, and policymakers, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on MSME development and inclusive business strategies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Business Models, Staffing, MSME.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Globalization has reshaped the global economy by integrating markets and boosting trade flows between nations. Developing economies like China and India have witnessed significant growth in their export sectors. This paper examines the garlic industry, highlighting China as the largest exporter to the US, while India's garlic is renowned for its strong aroma and pungent flavor. The study delves into the effects of globalization on these economies through the perspective of the garlic market. Garlic roots also play a crucial role in various industries, contributing to the economic importance of garlic cultivation. They are used in agricultural production, culinary applications, herbal medicine, soil health, and more. Various products and by-products can be derived from garlic roots, including herbal extracts, essential oils, soil conditioners, and pharmaceutical formulations. The comparative analysis between China and India highlights their differences in market share, production volume, quality, export pricing, and key markets. The results indicate that although globalization has delivered considerable economic advantages, it has also introduced challenges that necessitate strategic actions from policymakers and industry leaders.

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Chinese Garlic - The Largest Exporter to the U.S and India's Rising Competitiveness

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The gig economy has quickly changed how people work across the world. It is made up of short-term jobs, freelance tasks, and work that can be done on-demand. This type of work brings both good opportunities and serious challenges for businesses, workers, and governments. As technology keeps changing the way we work, it's important to create new and sustainable business models that support gig workers. These models should be fair, inclusive, and strong enough to survive future changes. This paper looks at how businesses can create such models in the gig economy. Using information from other research papers, reports, and case studies, it explores how gig work is shaping up in India and around the world. The paper talks about who gig workers are, what problems they face, like no job security or biased algorithms and how companies are starting to support them better. It also compares what different countries are doing to protect gig workers. The study highlights business ideas like platform cooperatives, mixed employment models, training programs, and better policies. It points out the gaps in Indian laws and gives suggestions on how public and private groups can work together to fix them. In the end, the paper stresses that smart and fair business models are key to making the gig economy work for everyone while also protecting workers' rights and ensuring long-term success.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gig economy, Gig workers, Platform Cooperatives, Worker Rights, Innovation and Sustainable Business models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Business models and frameworks play a dynamic role in the corporate world, where billions of dollars are invested with the aim of maximizing income, revenue, and return on investment (ROI). Traditionally, these models have been crucial tools for strategizing growth and achieving organizational success. However, there exists another equally vital dimension of the business landscape: the social sector, encompassing social enterprises and self-help groups (SHGs), which operate outside the scale and visibility of Fortune 500 companies and major conglomerates. Social enterprises, much like their corporate counterparts, are driven by clear visions, missions, goals, and objectives, all aligned toward achieving key result areas (KRAs). In emerging economies like India, the concept of a Social Stock Exchange (SSE) has gained prominence, highlighting the need to recognize and adapt business models traditionally designed for corporate environments to fit the unique realities of the social sector. These models not only support subsistence marketplaces but also aim to maximize benefits for all stakeholders involved. This paper focuses on the applicability of the Business Model Canvas (BMC), a tool originally developed for corporate strategy, to the context of social enterprises (SE). Specifically, it explores how BMC can be effectively adapted to self-help groups (SHGs) engaged in ecotourism activities in India. The study assesses whether the robust framework of the BMC, proven in the corporate world, can support the growth, sustainability, and impact of initiatives in the social sector. The insights gathered aim to offer a foundation for applying the BMC to other areas within the broader social enterprise landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Business Models, Business Model Canvas (BMC), Ecotourism, Frameworks, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Social Enterprises, Social Sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital-first environment, social media plays a pivotal role in shaping consumer preferences and purchase behavior. This influence is particularly evident in the growing Quick Commerce (Q-commerce) sector, where speed and convenience meet real-time digital engagement. This study investigates the impact of Social Media Marketing (SMM) on consumer behavior in the context of Q-commerce platforms such as Blinkit, Zepto, and Instamart. As these platforms rapidly evolve within the retail and e-commerce sectors, their use of personalized and real-time social media strategies has become crucial in shaping consumer decisions. The research focuses on how SMM influences customer attitudes, purchase intentions, brand loyalty, and engagement. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire, with responses from 50 Q-commerce users in Pune city. The findings reveal that personalized advertisements, influencer endorsements, time-sensitive promotions, and user-generated content significantly affect consumer behavior. Real-time engagement and interactive campaigns also enhance customer trust, satisfaction, and likelihood of repeat purchases. The study underscores the effectiveness of SMM as a strategic tool in driving consumer behavior in the fast-paced Q-commerce environment.

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 Keywords

Social Media Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Quick Commerce, Influencer Marketing, Real-Time Engagement, User-Generated Content, Purchase Intentions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The digital payments systems are rapidly increasingly day-by-day in todays world. This is due to its timelines, efficiency, accuracy, easy to use application. Due to this method it is very easier to transact money from place to another place through online mode to the person. The college going students can use digital payment methods for there expenses like college bus expense, stationary expenses, canteen expenses etc. Majority of the students carry there mobile with them and it is very easy to use the online payment methods among college going students. There are several modes of online payments like PhonePe, Google Pay, Razor Pay and many more. There is a very efficiency while using this online payment methods, It is very easy to use the online payment methods anywhere and anytime. The most preferable online payment method app by students is UPI. This is study is primarily on the impact of online payment among undergraduate college going students in Ahmednagar District. The study involves following colleges from Ahmednagar district are1.Sanjivani Arts Commerce and Science College Kopargaon2.Sanjivani University Kopargaon.3.Sanjivani College of Engineering Kopargaon4.K.J.Somaiya College Kopargaon. The sample size for our research is 204.The references are taken from many research papers, journals and websites. The age group of students are from 18 to 23.By analysing the data some students are from urban areas but majority of the students are from rural areas. Some students are dependent on there parents for the purpose of money and some students have other resources of income. The test for hypothesis is us ed is Chi-square independence test.H0 hypothesis is rejected in this research. In findings we found girl students use more online payment methods as compared to boys students. Majority of the respondents use the online methods daily, weekly and monthly. The study is studied on the undergraduate college going students in Ahmednagar district. The online payments methods are most preferable by the college going students observed by this study, The online transactions are done in between payer and payee.

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 Keywords

Digital payments, Undergraduate College students ,UPI, Rural Area,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research explores the challenges and strategies in managing Generation Z employees using secondary data. Findings show that these people value flexibility, technology and meaningful work. But sometimes, company struggle with retaining them due to differences in work expectations. To effectively attract them, companies need to adopt to digital recruitment strategies, career development opportunities and positive work culture. A comparative analysis between differences in two generations is made so that companies can align traditional talent with GenZ in order to build a productive workforce.

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Generation Z, talent management, work-life, career growth, technology, flexibility, engagement, recruitment strategies, job satisfaction, challenges and their solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social entrepreneurship in India has emerged as a transformative force addressing complex socioeconomic challenges while creating sustainable pathways for development. This systematic review critically synthesizes scholarly publications (2012-2024) selected through rigorous inclusion criteria to unveil the evolution, impact, and future trajectory of this dynamic field. The review identifies five key dimensions of social entrepreneurship in the Indian context: women's economic empowerment through novel entrepreneurial coalitions; resource-based rural development initiatives preserving cultural heritage while enhancing livelihoods; technology-enabled interventions bridging deep-rooted digital divides; agricultural entrepreneurship revolutionizing nutritional security paradigms; and distinctive regional implementations, particularly focusing on Odisha's pioneering approaches. Our analysis reveals a significant evolution from traditional welfare-oriented approaches toward systems-transforming frameworks. We propose an integrated conceptual framework positioning social entrepreneurship as a multidimensional catalyst for sustainable development, accounting for contextual factors, agency dimensions, organizational models, transformation processes, and scaling pathways. This review contributes to both scholarly discourse and practice by synthesizing disparate research streams, identifying high-priority areas for future investigation, and informing policy development to strengthen social entrepreneurship ecosystems in India and comparable emerging economies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social entrepreneurship; sustainable development; women empowerment; rural development; India; digital inclusion; agricultural entrepreneurship; Odisha; self-help groups

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It can be observed that the recent focus is majorly on the concept of sustainability as it has gained recent importance and has been adopted across several sectors, like energy, fashion, tourism, hospitality, food and beverages, technology, and many more. This research paper aims to review the hospitality industry's sustainable development initiatives and practices- focusing on hotel operations. This paper also aims to highlight the involvement of sanitation workers related to the segregation of waste in the hotel industry and also aims to focus on the contribution towards the circular economy. This paper shows how consumers are ready to integrate sustainable practices in hotel operations, emphasizing the importance of adopting eco-friendly strategies and contributing to mitigating pollution. The study highlights some of the key areas, such as the use of green technology- mainly focusing on energy-efficient systems, water conservation, reduction of waste, eco-friendly cleaning products, recycling, and composting adding to a change for a better environment and well-being. Through various case studies and secondary sources, the paper analyzes the importance of sustainable practices, which are becoming an integral part of hotel operations. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges the hospitality industry encounters in adopting and implementing these practices. Although it needs time for everyone and everything to get adopted, despite the hurdles faced, adoption of the sustainable measures has resulted in the enhancement of the reputation of the brands, reduction in operational costs, focus on the reduction of the energy consumed, and long-term profit. Thus, the paper illustrates how hotels can contribute to economic growth and environmental well-being, being one of the attractive industries in the global market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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sustainable development, hospitality industry, green technology, energy-efficient systems,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper examines the key factors that affect customer satisfaction and future behavioral intentions in this growing sector, as casual dining experiences continue to flourish in Pune, India. Admitting the swift growth of the dining sector, influenced by varied consumer tastes and cultural shifts, it is ever more important to identify and examine the elements that lead to diners' satisfaction. The research gives attention to on four key aspects such as pricing, food quality, service quality, and the physical environment. A quantitative research approach was used to collect data by employing surveys distributed to diners at various casual dining venues throughout Pune. The survey comprised Likert-scale questionnaires assessing satisfaction rates concerning the four dimensions outlined above. The results of the analysis show notable relationships between the variables. The study shows that superior food quality and outstanding service are crucial for creating enjoyable dining experiences, which greatly enhance customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the physical surroundings are vital, as patrons indicate greater satisfaction linked to well-kept and visually appealing areas. Price stands out as a vital element, shaping value perceptions and enhancing overall satisfaction, but its effectiveness is maximized only when combined with the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for restaurant managers to incorporate and balance these elements to improve customer satisfaction and build loyalty. By grasping the complex nature of customer expectations, casual dining venues in Pune can enhance their service offerings to not only fulfill but surpass customer desires, thus fostering repeat visits and positive word-of-mouth recommendations. This research adds to the wider conversation regarding customer experience in the restaurant sector and offers practical recommendations for improving dining experiences in Pune's competitive market environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer satisfaction, price, food quality, service quality, physical environment, casual dining restaurant.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the critical yet under-recognised role of female domestic workers in India within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS). Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of policy documents, the study highlights the socio-economic challenges and gender-specific vulnerabilities these workers face. The paper further analyses how the inclusion of female domestic workers aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS), particularly in terms of gender equality, decent work, and social protection. By highlighting the intersection of domestic labour with sustainable development, the paper advocates for comprehensive policy reforms and better labour rights to enhance the well-being of this marginalised workforce, ensuring their contributions are recognised and valued in India's journey toward achieving the SDGS.

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Female Domestic Workers in India: Invisible Workforce and SDGs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E-commerce has witnessed significant growth in India, driven by increasing internet penetration, smartphone usage, and digital payment adoption. Studying online shopping behavior is important for businesses because it provides information regarding changes in market demand and helps to frame certain Market strategies. This analysis helps in improving customer experience, implementing targeted marketing, optimizing inventory management, and mitigating risks associated with online transactions. Businesses can adapt to upcoming trends, contribute to the economy, and successfully navigate global markets by understanding consumer preferences. In short, understanding the online shopping behaviour of consumers is essential for businesses to stay in today's competitive market and grow their business by satisfying consumer demands. While consumers appreciate the ease of access, discounts, and product diversity offered by ecommerce platforms, concerns about data security, fraud, and product authenticity remain prevalent. The research also highlights the impact of demographics, cultural preferences, and government policies on online shopping behaviour. Understanding these factors can help ecommerce businesses tailor their strategies to enhance consumer trust and satisfaction in the indian market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Indian Consumer Attitude Towards E-Commerce"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Friedman-based fuzzy rough quick reduct algorithm(FMFQR) is a feature selection method designed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of machine learning models. By integrating Friedman's statistical test with fuzzy rough set theory, the algorithm identifies and eliminates irrelevant or redundant features while preserving essential data characteristics. This approach combines the strengths of fuzzy rough sets in handling uncertainty with Friedman's test to prioritize features based on their significance. The quick reduct process ensures computational efficiency, making it suitable for high-dimensional datasets. In this paper, First, Statistical feature extraction method is applied for raw EEG data. Then the extracted features are normalized by Z-Score normalization approach, Further, the normalized features are selected by Friedman-based fuzzy rough quick reduct algorithm. Finally, the classification task is done using three classification algorithms such as Fuzzy-Rough Nearest Neighbor (FRNN), Fuzzy Logic-based Neural Networks (FNN), Fuzzy Decision Tree (FDT). The experimental works are discussed and analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves a FRNN based classification method in terms of classification accuracy. The proposed method improves the accuracies when compared to other state of the methods.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

BCI, Feature Extraction, FMFRQR, Classification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition