Volume 13 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Geographical study of the Impact of National Education Policy-2020 on Students' Learning Style, Academic Pressure and Learning Style

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Geographical study of the Impact of National Education Policy-2020 on Students' Learning Style, Academic Pressure and Learning Style

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Online advertising is crucial to digital marketing because it allows businesses to effectively reach large audiences. However, because of the increasing number of fraudulent advertisements, there are significant risks for both consumers and advertisers. Cybercriminals commonly hide harmful content, including phishing links, deceptive images, and malicious video ads, behind advertisements that look real in order to trick consumers into watching dangerous content. These deceptive ads have the potential to harm user data, result in financial losses, and erode trust in digital advertising networks. To address this issue, we propose a system that can recognize and block malicious or phishing advertisements on websites. Our approach builds a machine learning model using a dataset of known phishing ad URLs. The trained model is then incorporated into a browser extension that users use while browsing the web, enabling the real-time identification and blocking of harmful ads. This method increases user safety, protects user privacy, and makes online advertising safer.

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Phishing Detection, Malicious Advertisement, Online Ad Fraud, Browser Extension Security, Machine Learning for Security.

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The newfound world of virtual currencies is gaining popularity among individuals and government of various nations & new industry has established around these virtual currencies, businessmen, exchanges and investors who are increasingly dealing in them. In the present scenario, these cryptocurrencies especially bitcoins are getting catchline. Everyone is investing in it to get the more returns and to made their money in millions. It enhances the transparency of the digital transactions and cuts down the time and cost of each transactions. The virtual platform has provided a new technology- based way to go about business. It has allowed many buyers and institutions to collaborate at global level for trade but on the other hand, the use of these cryptocurrencies creates a safety controversy. The nature of cryptocurrency is digital and clone, it can be easily hacked and it involves security threats. The another problem faced by the many people is the variation and fluctuations in the value of the currency that is not known to anybody as it is not certain. Anything that fluctuates makes it ineffective to use. These currencies do not have any intrinsic value or any physical presence and are traded on a common platform which does not have any central control and regulatory system. Today, bit coin is the most prominent crypto currency, reason being it is widely embraced and used. The more acceptability the currency has the better it is When it comes to bit coin, a country like India cannot be overlooked it is a country with a huge population where oligarchs are continuously seeking for safe and secure alternatives to invest their enormous wealth and citizens are looking for ways to save taxes. This study highlights how the government is controlling and governing Cryptocurrencies and how it is affecting the country's economy. This study also shows that why some countries ban these Cryptocurrency. It is building inquisitiveness to others whether it is legal to invest in bitcoins or it is just a bubble? Data are collected from secondary sources mostly particularly from journals, published reports. This paper reviews the regulatory mechanism of crypto currency and its role in uplifting the economy of the nation.

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Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, security threats, impact on economy.

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Recruitment is a critical function in human resource management, yet traditional hiring processes often suffer from inefficiencies, biases, and high operational costs. With the increasing demand for skilled professionals across various industries, organizations are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) to streamline and enhance recruitment. An AI-powered HR recruitment system leverages machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), deep learning, and predictive analytics to automate and optimize candidate sourcing, screening, and selection.This intelligent system analyzes large volumes of candidate data, including resumes, cover letters, and professional profiles, to identify the best-fit candidates based on skill sets, experience, and job requirements. AI-powered resume screening reduces manual effort by ranking applicants and filtering out unqualified candidates. Chatbots and virtual assistants improve candidate engagement by answering queries, scheduling interviews, and providing real-time feedback, enhancing the overall recruitment experience.Moreover, predictive analytics plays a crucial role in forecasting candidate success by analyzing historical hiring data and evaluating factors such as cultural fit, employee retention rates, and job performance predictions. AI also aids in reducing unconscious hiring biases by focusing on data-driven assessments rather than subjective human evaluations, thus promoting workplace diversity and inclusion.The integration of AI-driven automation tools into the HR recruitment workflow significantly reduces time-to-hire and cost-per-hire while improving the quality of hires. Furthermore, adaptive learning algorithms enable the system to continuously improve by refining candidate matching accuracy based on hiring outcomes. This paper explores the key technologies, methodologies, and benefits of an AI-powered HR recruitment system, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize talent acquisition in modern enterprises

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Machine Learning (ML) , Large Language Models(LLMs), Text Extraction, Natural Language Processing(NLP).

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This article critically analyses, within the larger context of the Indo-Pacific geopolitical landscape, the transition of India's regional involvement policy from the Look East Policy (LEP) to the more proactive Act East Policy (AEP). Understanding the strategic drivers, methods of execution, and multifaceted effects of this policy shift is the goal of the study. The study illustrates how India's foreign policy has changed in response to regional and international events by tracing the LEP's historical origins and examining the subsequent transition to the AEP. The article evaluates significant programs including connectivity projects, strategic collaborations, and cultural diplomacy and is organized around a multifaceted examination of the AEP's main pillars: economic, political-security, and socio-cultural. According to the findings, even if the AEP has increased India's prominence and involvement in Southeast and East Asia, there are still a number of structural and implementation-level issues, especially with regard to regional integration and strategic coherence. Finally, by pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the AEP as a strategic doctrine, the study adds to the larger conversation on India's place in the Indo-Pacific. The paper identifies areas for further investigation in India's developing regional diplomacy and ends with policy recommendations for improving the Act East Policy's efficacy.

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India's Foreign Policy, Look East Policy, Act East Policy, Indo-Pacific, Regional Engagement, Strategic Partnerships, Economic Diplomacy, Soft Power, Geopolitics, Regionalism, Constructivism.

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India's financial sector reforms, initiated in 1991, were implemented to establish a market-driven financial environment, improve operational efficiency in financial institutions, and maintain macroeconomic stability following a balance of payments crisis. [2]. These changes encompassed actions like tackling non-performing assets (NPAs), allowing for more flexible interest rates, decreasing the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) and cash reserve ratio (CRR), and encouraging private sector involvement in banking. [2]. Taking into account the recommendations put forth by the Narasimhan Committee, these measures were implemented to enhance transparency, foster competition, and grant more independence to financial institutions. [2]. The liberalization of the insurance sector led to increased innovation and competition, while regulatory improvements by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and advancements in technology, such as electronic trading and dematerialization, revolutionized the capital markets. [3]. However, challenges like regulatory fragmentation, inefficiencies in public sector governance, and the underdeveloped corporate bond market still impede economic progress. [6]. Technological advancements such as mobile banking and microfinance have expanded access to financial services, but reaching out to rural areas remains a challenge. [7]. A fair and comprehensive regulatory framework is necessary to address the systemic issues at hand. Proposed initiatives, such as the financial sector legislative reforms commission (FSLRC), underscore the importance of establishing a cohesive legal and regulatory framework. [4]. Achieving financial stability and inclusive growth relies on enhancing institutions and guaranteeing equal access to financial services for all [1].

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Finance, Banking, Gdp, Npas

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Background & Objectives: Home deliveries pose a high risk to the life of both mother and baby. Despite much progress in maternal and child health services in Meghalaya, nearly half of deliveries still take place at home giving reasons such as distance, long hours of waiting, poor roads, high transport cost, etc. Underlying factors include poor socioeconomic factors and ignorance of government facilities hence, a mixed research study was done to identify factors influencing mothers choosing home birth delivery in Meghalaya. Material and Methods: South West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya was chosen and from a representative random cluster of villages, 809 pregnant and lactating women were interviewed during 2018-20. There were 270 lactating women who form the basis of this paper. Approvals from the Village Councils and the MLCU Ethics committee were approved. After rapport and consent, the women were interviewed in-depth along with Focus Group Discussion and the data were computerized. Findings: Of the 270 mothers studied, 153(56.7%) delivered at home while the remaining 117(43.3%) delivered in institutions. Poor educational status, low socio- economic and belonging to nuclear family showed, statistically significant differences between home deliveries and institutional deliveries. Conclusions: Despite adequate Maternal & Child Health services, some women in South West Khasi Hills District seem to prefer home deliveries. More focused health education, sufficient health facilities and supplies, more user-friendly health staff would surely increase institutional deliveries.

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Home delivery, Factors, Lactating mothers, South West Khasi Hills

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Women Empowerment is a multifaceted concept which promotes the role and power of women in various spheres of life- from personal autonomy to economic stability and political representation. It is an inclusive concept which talks about creating a society where women can take decisions, exercise their rights and have access to opportunities and resources. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, a landmark policy with a vision of complete rejuvenation of education system in India has acknowledged that education is a powerful weapon for promoting gender equality and women empowerment. The policy advocates for a safe and secure learning environment in schools for girls including improved infrastructure (provisions of sanitation and toilets), provision of bicycles, scholarships for meritorious students etc. The formation of Gender-Inclusion Fund is proposed by NEP 2020 for financial assistance in quality education for girls and transgender. The Government of Bihar in the last few years has been making concerned efforts for women empowerment which includes 50% reservation of women in Panchayati Raj which was the pioneer in the entire country, 35% reservation in government jobs, various schemes such as Mukhyamantri Balika Poshak Yojana, Mukhya Mantri Kanya Uthan Yojana, Jeevika ,HUNAR and AUZAR schemes etc. Through this paper the researcher has attempted to explore the initiatives taken by the government of Bihar for promoting women empowerment in the light of NEP 2020 with the help of secondary sources of data.

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Women Empowerment, NEP 2020, Bihar

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This paper introduces a fresh take on keeping files safe in the cloud. We've designed a system that combines QR codes for a multi-party authentication process with an encryption method boosted by random noise. Built with a user-friendly Streamlit web interface and a dependable PostgreSQL database, our system uses ChaCha20 encryption, made even stronger by adding noise images that act as extra security keys. When someone uploads a file, it's locked up tight with a key created from three unique strings--one for the user, one for an admin, and one for a token. These strings are turned into QR codes and shared among different people, so you need all three to unlock the file. Our thorough testing shows that this setup is fast, can grow with demand, and stands up well to all sorts of attacks, even those that might come from quantum computers down the road. By mixing in noise to make encryption trickier to crack, we've crafted a practical, future-ready way to secure cloud storage.

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Cloud storage, multi-party authentication, QR codes, noise-enhanced encryption, ChaCha20, cybersecurity.

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The Sundarbans, located in the deltaic region of West Bengal, India, is a critical ecological zone and the mangrove forest in this region act as a natural defense against cyclonic hazards emanating from the Bay of Bengal. Mangrove forests in this region serve as a vital buffer, dissipating wave energy, mitigating storm surges, and reducing coastal erosion. Mangroves also can act as a carbon sink by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon di oxide in the coastal mudflats. Thus carbon stored in coastal ecosystems is known as blue carbon. Due to their high carbon sequestration capabilities, mangroves are considered an important element to mitigate climate change. This study focuses on Chargheri settlement of Satjalia Island, a cyclone-prone region within the Sundarbans, to assess the role of mangrove plantations in environmental protection and community resilience. Using field surveys, interviews with local residents, and secondary data, the study highlights the significant contributions of mangrove restoration projects in reducing the impacts of cyclones such as Aila (2009), Amphan (2020), and Yaas (2021). The findings demonstrate that mangrove plantations not only mitigate physical damage but also enhance biodiversity and provide economic benefits through improved livelihoods. The present study focuses on the participatory approaches of the locals and also on the restoration of sustainable practices to harness the full potential of mangroves to reduce disaster risks in the coastal regions.

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Sundarbans of West Bengal, plantation of mangroves, storm mitigation, environmental protection, Carbon sink, Chargheri Village of Satjalia island, disaster resilience, carbon sequestration, climate change, coastal ecosystems.

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing machine learning techniques to identify medicinal plants. This paper presents an overview of the methodologies and advancements in the field of medicinal plant identification using machine learning techniques. The process involves feature extraction and classification using supervised learning techniques like Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Deep Learning models. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of data augmentation, transfer learning, and model interpretability in improving the accuracy and reliability of medicinal plant identification systems. In addition to identification, our system incorporates a recommendation feature based on cosine similarity, which suggests similar medicinal plants based on textual input or plant properties, aiding users in discovering alternative options with similar therapeutic uses. To enhance accessibility and usability across diverse user groups, a translation module powered by the Google ML Kit Translation formation in multiple languages. Overall, our research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using machine learning techniques for the automated identification and recommendation of medicinal plants. By combining botanical knowledge with advanced computational methods, we pave the way for efficient, multilingual, and reliable identification systems, thereby encouraging the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources. Lastly, future directions and opportunities for research in this domain are proposed, emphasizing the integration of multi-modal data sources, development of user-friendly applications, and deployment of robust and scalable models for real-world applications in healthcare and conservation. Key Words - Machine Learning Algorithm, CNN, Google ML Kit, Cosine Similarity

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Machine Learning Algorithm, CNN, Google ML Kit, Cosine Similarity

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An unsolicited means of digital communications in the internet world is the spam email, which could be sent to an individual or a group of individuals or a company. These spam emails may cause serious threat to the user i.e., the email addresses used for any online registrations may be collected by the malignant third parties (spammers) and they expose the genuine user to various kinds of attacks. Another method of spamming is by creating a temporary email register and receive emails that can be terminated after some certain amount of time. This method is well suited for misusing those temporary email addresses for sending free spam emails without revealing the spammers real account details. These attacks create major problems like theft of user credentials, lack of storage, etc. Hence it is essential to introduce an efficient detection mechanism through feature extraction classification for detecting spam emails and temporary email addresses. This can be accomplished through a novel Natural Language Processing based social media platform and email (NLP-RF) approach. With the help of our proposed approach, the spam emails are reduced and this method improves the accuracy of spam email filtering, since the use of NLP makes the system to detect the natural languages spoken by people and the Random Forest approach uses multiple decision trees and uses a random node for filtering the spams.

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Email, Spam, Temporal email, Natural Language Processing, and social media platform

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The adoption of work-from-home (WFH) policies, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed traditional work mode across industries. This shift has driven significant interest in understanding its effect on employee productivity and job satisfaction. This study explores how remote working mode influence individual and organizational outcomes, highlighting both benefits and challenges. Increased flexibility, reduced commuting time, and better work-life balance have generally contributed to higher job satisfaction for many employees. However, issues such as communication barriers, isolation, and difficulties in separating work from personal life can negatively affect productivity and mental well-being. The findings suggest that while WFH policies can enhance performance and morale when implemented effectively, they require careful planning, supportive management practices, and the right technological infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations for organizations aiming to optimize remote work strategies to sustain employee engagement and operational efficiency

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Work from home, Productivity, Job satisfaction

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As we know that in 'Internal Combustion Engine' total heat supplied from fuel is not utilized to develop useful work. Out of total heat 20-30% heat is wasted in cooling medium such as water and 40-50% is wasted in exhaust gases. So, we have inherent scope to utilize this waste heat. In conventional system we are taking benefits of heat lost through exhaust gases with the help of turbocharger to supply compressed air to inlet manifold. So, there is no any system which uses heat wasted from cooling medium. With this paper, we tried to use that wasted heat from cooling medium for developing power with the help of turbine. In this system we are going to replace cooling water by appropriate refrigerant. Therefore, we are passing liquid refrigerant through cooling jacket of engine where this liquid refrigerant will absorb the heat from engine cylinder and get converted into vapour thus engine will get cooling effect. Therefore, we get vapour refrigerant with high temperature and pressure which would be useful to run a steam turbine. Before the turbine we used nozzle to convert pressure energy into kinetic energy in order to obtain required power from turbine. In the turbine the expansion of vapour refrigerant takes place and work get obtained from generator. The expanded refrigerant then further converted into liquid by passing through radiator/capillary tube. In radiator / capillary tube at proper pressure the refrigerant of vapour phase gets converted into liquid phase. This liquid refrigerant is further recycled for engine cooling (closed loop system). Thus, we have developed an efficient system for utilizing waste heat from cooling medium.

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Waste Heat Recovery from IC Engine, Cooling Heat Recovery of IC Engine, Thermal Efficiency of IC engine, Overall efficiency of IC engine

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Surgical and chronic wounds often pose significant clinical challenges due to the risks of infection and delayed healing. While mupirocin is a widely used topical antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, it lacks direct wound-healing properties. Sucralfate, traditionally employed for gastrointestinal ulcers, has demonstrated potent wound-healing capabilities through mechanisms such as angiogenesis, epithelialisation, and the stimulation of local growth factors. Recent studies have investigated the synergistic benefits of combining sucralfate with mupirocin to enhance healing outcomes in various wound types. Clinical evidence has shown that this combination significantly improves healing rates in chronic ulcers compared to mupirocin alone (41.3% vs. 18.18%, P = 0.022). Although some findings remain context-dependent, in diabetic foot ulcers, the dual-action therapy offers notable advantages: infection control via mupirocin and tissue regeneration via sucralfate. In the context of surgical wounds, sucralfate provides a protective barrier over incisions, reducing mechanical irritation and enhancing local growth factor activity. These properties contribute to improved epithelial regeneration and reduced healing time in post-operative settings. Mechanistically, this combination addresses two critical aspects of wound care, making it a promising approach for both acute and chronic wound management. Further large-scale and multicenter trials are warranted to validate its efficacy across broader patient populations.

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Sucralfate, Mupirocin, Wound Healing, Angiogenesis, Surgical Site Infection, Chronic Ulcers, Combination Therapy.

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Any type of conflict, whether it is war, riots, ethnic strife, or armed conflict, comes from at least two groups involved in contesting powers, victories, and revengeful acts. In all of these conflicts, it is the male folk who initiate and actively get involved in the violent conflicts, resulting in damage, property loss, lives, and human atrocities in various dimensions. It has come to the serious observation that women and female genders have always been the softest and harshest targets for atrocities. Men often assume that a violent conflict gives them the opportunity and liberty to prey on women's bodies. Histories of violence from around the world have witnessed a wide scale of sexual violence against women, and even girls as minors are not being spared. The aftermath implications of violence seem to be reeling, as the internally displaced community, especially the female gender, faces more hardship than the male folk in the course of the proper rehabilitation and settlement process. The paper aims to present the intensity and nature of atrocities that women and girls have to go through in conflict violence, citing cases from international to North-East India contexts. It also wants to derive the reasons and motives behind the various types of sexual atrocities committed on women and girl children by the male folk. The paper will also analyze and list several hurdles and challenges that the female gender faced in the course of being an internally displaced community, as caused by the violent conflicts.

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Female Gender, Women & Girls, Sexual violence and atrocities, Conflicts and Violence, internally displaced people (IDP)

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This project introduces an AI-powered real-time video captioning system that enhances accessibility and engagement by leveraging Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to improve caption accuracy, synchronization, and multi-language support. This system will benefit content creators, educators, and enterprises.

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ASR, NLP, Hugging Face Transformers, FastAPI, FFmpeg, PostgreSQL, Streamlit.

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At present the world is transforming very quickly, youth who are the future of the world are struggling to get adjusted to this transforming world. Youth are pressurized much from various aspects causing to stress. Hence the researcher felt to take up the experimental study to find the effectiveness of life skills training on ability to cope with stress among secondary school students. For the present study 84 secondary school students were chosen using multipurpose sampling technique. The research carried out by pre-test post-test experimental design was used. Researcher developed life skills training modules to give training for experimental group and given training find the significance difference between experimental group and control group pre-test and post-test scores. Analysis the result proper statistical techniques used. The result revealed that life skills training significantly impacted on experimental group.

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Stress, Coping, Strategies, Emphasize, Experimental, Control

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Introduction: Customer satisfaction plays a crucial role in the success and sustainability of retail businesses, including small convenience stores such as Baqala stores. The objective of this study is to determine the level of customer satisfaction in baqala stores in Qatar. It explores customer satisfaction in the baqalas in terms of merchandise value, internal store environment, personal interaction, merchandise variety, and complaint handling. Methodology: This study utilized a quantitative descriptive design. A total of one hundred thirty-four (134) respondents in chosen baqala stores were gathered using convenience sampling. Results: Based on the data, baqala customers, when grouped according to age and sex, have a high level of satisfaction in personal interaction and merchandise variety, whereas internal store environment had the lowest satisfaction level. Discussion: No significant differences were found in the respondents' demographic profiles, particularly in terms of age and sex. Customer satisfaction in baqalas is generally high, with personal interaction being the most favorable dimension, while the internal store environment was rated the lowest. Recommendations: Based on the results, it is recommended that baqalas need to implement a structured marketing strategic plan that aligns with customer preferences to better serve their target market, meet customers' needs, and to further increase customer satisfaction.

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Baqala; Convenience; Customer Satisfaction; Retail; In-Store Shopping

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The leafy green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is high in nutrients and has a solid reputation for promoting general health. Rich in vital vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive substances, spinach can help prevent and treat a number of chronic illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, and metabolic problems. This paper takes a close look at the biochemistry, nutritional makeup, and health benefits of spinach. It also explores how different factors such as food processing methods and bioavailability to impact its nutritional value. Special attention is given to the plant's metabolic pathways, enzymatic activities, and secondary metabolites that contribute to its therapeutic potential. Finally, the paper highlights the need for future research aimed at improving nutrient absorption and maximizing the health benefits of spinach through better agricultural and processing techniques.

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Nutritional, Bioavailability, Spinach, Chronic Illness, Enzymatic activities

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