Volume 5 | Issue 3

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ABSTRACT Demonetization of currency in India is an internationally debated economic issue. It has been carried out to curb the black money menace in India. It had its own pros and cons. Never the less it has increased financial discipline in Indians. This research paper in depth examines demonetization exercise in India and vision ahead to make it constructive

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BLACK MONEY DEMONETISATION INDIA

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The six sigma methodology have an important place for developing and reducing the defects which occur during weaving of plastic bags in the firms. The aim of six sigma is defining, analyzing, correcting and improving the variables, which affect the quality of weaving process in order to decrease the number of defects and the failures and to propose the improvement means for the processes. In this study general structure of six sigma is explained with regard to 'how to define the complex problems which are encountered in the manufacturing of woven bags along with the relevant knowledge and comments for statistical methods that are utilized in measurement and quality improvement of the process.

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six sigma, quality control, statistical approach

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This paper focuses on relay process and design optimization. With optional additional lithography steps, we can achieve a more robust process required for eventual device scaling, highly reduced device footprint area, and the ability to form interconnects to fabricate circuits. Improved relay designs minimize parasitic electrostatic force issues and enhance functionality. The process flow is optimized to achieve the lowest switching voltages, while still ensuring reliable turn-off and avoiding stiction. New device concepts increase device functionality to reduce the number of structures required to achieve a certain function, and provide a new paradigm for designing circuits using relays.

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electrostatic force, digital integrated circuits, lithography, interconnects, parasitic effects, stiction

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Power line communication, Amplitude-shift keying, Home Automation system, Microcontroller, Power Line Modem

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The Article below is the review of the Market Phenomena of Cyrus Mistry vs. Ratan Tata. The Ethical and Moral Implications of the Public Spat between the two parties are studied in detail based on the methodologies through the lens of phenomenology, narratology and metaphorolgy. The material used are referred and the rational for each method adopted, its specific usage for the market phenomena are highlighted. In the end the different methodologies used are contrasted as well. Each question is addressed independently though the references may overlap. The content is a reflection of the information collated by the authors which is referenced and can be used for business academia purpose.

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Corporate Governance, Phenomenology, Narratology, Metaphorology, Leadership Conflict

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Education has become competitive and so too the educational institutions. In order to survive the competition, institutions have to improve the quality of their services. Changes in culture, aspiration and levels of skills required in securing employment for students, force higher education institutions today to rework on their educational models and add value to each and every aspect of their service. Innovations and best practices serve to enhance quality and add value. In this paper innovations, small and big, developed indigenously and feasible to be implemented both at institutional and individual level are discussed. Innovational practices introduced at the national level as a part of policy changes by the government are also highlighted. Challenges which may come in the way of implementing the innovational practices are pointed out.

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Innovations in Higher education in India - current scenario, challenges and suggestions

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Self Help Groups are small informal groups consisting of 15-20 members set up for the purpose socially and economically empowering woman. SHGs are also best means for providing opportunity to women in order to make them financially independent and explore the inner selves as well as to build their leadership capacity. The groups provide both financial and social support, empowering women with a strong network of allies.The present study analyses the impact of SHGs by taking samples from the SHG members of Karkala Taluk of Udupi district.Karkala is a rural taluk of Karnataka where many SHGs are found. The example size of examination is 100 respondents. The outcome of the study reveals that SHGs have created a good platform for women to improve their standard of living. The groups have helped women to consolidate their savings and to improve their economic life.This study is done for knowing the impact of SHG in rural areas and see how it has helped in reduce poverty and made the members feel self-dependent.

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Self Help Groups, Empowerment, Rural woman

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Image mining focuses on extracting patterns from large image collections in databases, distinct from low-level computer vision and image processing techniques which primarily extract specific features from individual images. Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a widely-used system for indexing, searching, retrieving, and browsing image databases based on relevant image features. Key properties like color and texture play crucial roles in CBIR systems. This paper provides a detailed classification of CBIR systems, discussing the effectiveness of various techniques and their synergies to enhance retrieval performance.

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CBIR, TBIR, Feature Extraction, Image Retrieval.

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Malabar was entirely distinct from the rest of the country in terms of its geographical features -mountains, sea coast, rivers, fauna and flora etc. The physical environment of Malabar helped to create a unique economic pattern and a typical social structure and organization. During the pre-colonial period the people of Malabar led an eco-friendly life which was dependent on the environment. But they never tried to exploit nature and natural resources excessively other than to cater to their basic requirements. The indigenous people interfere with the environment only for their subsistence. The tribal people living in the thick forest were well aware about herbal medicine and practices. The pre-colonial village life was self-sufficient. However the advent of western colonial powers in Malabar changed the scenario, and they introduced new colonial policies. The process of colonialism resulted in some degree of structured change in the economy and society of Malabar. They made deliberate attempts to change many of the traditional practices. As a part of commercialization of agriculture, they implemented a plantation economy in the region. The westerners came to India mainly for trade and later transformed our environment base. The British government introduced economic policies in Malabar mainly conducive for spice trade. The large-scale expansion of cash crops resulted in the scarcity of food and destruction of wide forest areas. The British government converted thousands of acres of forest land into coffee and tea plantations.

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Malabar, colonial intervention plantation economy, deforestation, commercialization of agriculture, forest policies, teak and tea plantation, occupational patterns, native resistance, internal migration

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Majority of Science Textbooks at National and International level for classes 6th to 10th mentions the example of Ammonium Chloride as a Sublimable material and also prescribe it as a material to show the activity of Sublimation in the classroom . In fact it is not a sublimable substance and does not undergo reversible physical change rather reversible chemical change is involved in it ,therefore the example of Ammonium Chloride cannot be taken for showing the phenomenon of Sublimation.

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Interconversion of States of Matter, Sublimation

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In the era of exponential data growth, the significance of robust data protection mechanisms in Information Systems and Cyber-Defense Frameworks (ISCDSF) cannot be overstated. This literature review explores various approaches to elevating data protection, focusing on ensuring the core principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) for both single-owner and multi-user data environments. By analyzing recent advancements, methodologies, and best practices, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of data protection in ISCDSF and identify areas for future research.

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Data Protection in the Information Systems and Cyber-Defence Framework

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized the lighting industry and optoelectronics with their superior energy efficiency, long lifespan, and versatile applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of LED technology, tracing its history from the initial discovery to its widespread adoption across diverse sectors. It examines the fundamental working principles of LEDs, which involve the conversion of electrical energy into light through electroluminescence in semiconductor materials. The numerous advantages of LEDs over traditional lighting sources, such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps, are explored, including energy savings, durability, compact size, and low heat emission. The paper delves into the various applications of LEDs, ranging from general illumination and displays to signals, optoelectronics, and horticulture. Additionally, it discusses the latest advancements in LED technology, such as organic LEDs (OLEDs), micro-LED displays, and their integration with smart lighting systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Challenges faced by the LED industry, including manufacturing costs and environmental concerns, are also addressed. Finally, the paper explores the future prospects of LED technology, highlighting the potential for further improvements in efficiency, color rendering, and integration with emerging technologies to meet global energy demands and contribute to sustainable lighting solutions.

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Solid-state lighting, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), energy efficiency, optoelectronics, semiconductor materials, electroluminescence, organic LEDs (OLEDs), micro-LEDs, smart lighting, Internet of Things (IoT), sustainable lighting

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While Aristotelean thinking supported the idea that things just are a certain way and can be described in a finite and satisfactory manner and Newtonian physics stated that the world is considered a collection of finite, separate phenomena that can be studied in isolation from anything else, a new way of perceiving the things developed with Alfred Korzybski and Michel Foucault, who re-examined the old ways of conceptualization and map-building. Both came with their own theories called General Semantics by Alfred Korzybski and New Historicism by Michel Foucault. Alfred Korzybski developed the theory in his book "Science & Sanity" (1933) where he stated that any map may have a structure that is either similar or dissimilar to the structure of the territory and that physical objects and phenomena cannot be regarded unchangeable, finite constructs that could be studied in isolation. This system of logic and of studying man's relation to his world where things were found to be much more interdependent and fluid than earlier assumed was the start of General Semantics, a Non-Aristotelean system which came up with Korzybski's best known dictum "The map is not the territory". In the same way, Michel Foucault, the French postmodernist uses the term 'power/knowledge' to signify that power is constituted through accepted forms of knowledge, scientific understanding and 'truth'. Foucault challenges the idea that power is wielded by people or groups by way of 'episodic' or 'sovereign' acts of domination or coercion, seeing it instead as dispersed and pervasive stating 'Power is everywhere' and 'comes from everywhere' so in this sense is neither an agency nor a structure (Foucault 1998: 63). Instead it is a kind of 'metapower' or 'regime of truth' that pervades society, and which is in constant flux and negotiation. In this way, both the thinkers question the old definitions of map and power and present a new and more inclusive system of knowledge and power. The paper would attempt the re- examination of evidences and assumptions by Korzybski and Foucault, challenging the conventional forms of knowledge and reality.

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: re-examination, evidences, assumptions, phenomena, episodic, conceptualization, metapower.

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This article delves into the historical water management practices of the Meitei civilization in Manipur, focusing on the intricate relationship between the region's climate, topography, and the development of water-related technologies. The Meitei people, particularly their kings, engaged in extensive water management initiatives, constructing canals, ponds, and dikes to address challenges posed by monsoonal floods and to meet the various needs of their society. The discussion spans different historical periods, detailing the establishment of fishing weirs ("Shoy") and canals during the reigns of various kings. The article emphasizes the dual purpose of such initiatives, catering to both economic necessities, such as fishing and transportation, and the mitigation of natural challenges like floods. Noteworthy contributions by queens and other influential figures in water management underscore the comprehensive involvement of the society in these endeavors. The Meitei kings' commitment to water management as a tool of statecraft is highlighted, showcasing their understanding of the intimate connection between public welfare, infrastructure development, and the loyalty of their subjects. The article concludes by emphasizing the role of hydro-managerial works in consolidating the centralized power of the Meitei kings and fostering loyalty among the population. Overall, the Meitei's adeptness at water management, coupled with their pragmatic approach, played a crucial role in shaping the socio-economic landscape of Manipur.

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Meitrabak (earlier name of Manipur), Tutenglon (history of dredging river), Ngangoi Yoimongba (brother of King Taothingmang), Turel Achouba (Imphal River), Gwai River (Barak River), Kingdom of Poireipak (another name of Moirang principality), Kege (another name of Moirang principality), Ebungo Nongthonba (Prime Minister), King Khagemba (King of Manipur), Poinu (the name of the 9th lunar month of the Meitei), Naga stream (a stream which runs through the centre of the Imphal city), Ningthem Pukhri

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Ghotul, as indigenous institution practiced by the Muria and Gond tribes of central India, holds a deep cultural significance and serves as a communal space for socializing, education, and personality development. Ghotul, traditionally a structure resembling a dormitory, serves as a gathering place for the youth of the tribe, particularly unmarried boys and girls. It provides an inclusive environment where young individuals engage in various activities such as singing, dancing, storytelling, and discussion on cultural heritage. Ghotul acts as a medium to transmit the tribal values, rituals, folklore, and traditional knowledge from one generation to the next.

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Tribe, Ghotul, Muria, Gond etc.

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నన్నయ పదకొండవ శతాబ్దానికి చెందిన కవి. ఇతను చాళుక్య ప్రభువైనా రాజరాజ నరేంద్రుని ఆస్థాన కవి కుల బ్రాహ్మణుడు. రాజరాజ నరేంద్రుని కోరికపై సనాతన ధర్మ పునరుద్దరణకై, భారతీయ సంస్కృతీ సముద్దీపనకై వ్యాసుడు రచించిన సంస్కృత భారతాన్ని నన్నయ ఆంధ్రీకరించాడు. నన్నయ వ్యాస భారతంలోని పద్దెనిమిది పర్వాలలో, ఆదిపర్వం, సభాపర్వం, అరణ్యపర్వంలోని చతుర్థాశ్వాసంలో నూట నలుపై రెండవ పద్యం వరకు అనువాదం చేశాడు. ఇతనికి ఆదికవి, వాగనుశాసనుడు అను బిరుదులు ఉన్నాయి. వీరి రచనలు, ఆంధ్రశబ్ద చింతామణి, చాముండిక విలాసము, ఇంద్రవిజయము, లక్షణసారము, రాఘవాభ్యుదములు.

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నన్నయకు భారత రచనలో తోడ్పడిన నారాయణభట్టు.

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When the larvae affected with Flacherie (Bacillus thuringiensis), the nature of haemolymph and digestive fluid also changes and as a result the cells of the gut wall gets affected. Since haemolymph is a circulatory fluid, with several functions, such as storage and transportation of nutrients and also plays an important role in excretion, defense, moulting and metamorphosis (Mullins, 1985). Nucleated haemocytes number varies with the insects? these haemocytes are classified as prohaemocytes, plasmocytes, granular haemocytes, oenocytes or oenocytoid and spherule cells (Arnold & Hinks, 1976). Major function of haemocytes includes phagocytosis of small particles, encapsulation of large foreign materials, haemolymph coagulation and storage and distribution of nutritive materials. Immune system includes certain types of blood cells. It also includes chemicals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. In insects, several types of haemocytes are observed in the haemolymph (Butt & Shields, 1996). Saran et al. (2002) classified the blood cells in the silkworm, B. moriL. and A. mylitta in to six types' viz. prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, imaginal spherulocytes and oenocytes. Proteins are the derivatives of high molecular weight polypeptides. They play a vital role in the formation of structures in organisms. Like carbohydrates and fats proteins also can be utilized for energy purpose. In silkworm, blood glucose level can be correlated to their level of metabolism, and is comparable with mammalian blood glucose. Lipids play an important role in the biochemical processes delaying growth and development of insects.

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Study of Haemocyte and Biochemical Changes of Bombyx moriL. Infected with Bacillus thuringienesis Var. Sotto

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The overvoltage at motor terminals fed by variable frequency drives produces severe stress on motor insulation systems. The paper aims to provide a comparative survey of existing filters designed to suppress overvoltage. These filters are passive and installed at both the motor and inverter terminals. The overvoltage is typically caused by the high change rate of the inverter output voltage (dv/dt) and the surge impedance mismatch between the inverter and the power cable of the motor. The paper discusses the design methodologies employed for these passive filters. This could include how the filters are constructed and tuned to address overvoltage issues. This paper presents a comparative survey of the existing filters of overvoltage suppression, which are passive filters at both motor and inverter terminals. The article also evaluates the practical applicability of these passive filters. This could include cost, ease of installation, and maintenance requirements. The design methodologies, effectiveness, and practical relevance of these passive filters are discussed through computer simulations based on MATLAB, and promising approaches are recommended for researchers and industrial users.

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Variable Frequency Drivers, Induction Motor, Switch loss, Transients, Cable, Filter design

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Skin is the most powerful protection of important organs in the human body. It acts as a shield to protect our internal body to get damaged. But this important part of the human body can be affected by so serious infections caused by some fungus or viruses or even dust too. Around the world, millions of people suffer from various skin diseases. From acne problems to eczema people suffer a lot. Sometimes a small boil on the skin can turn into a severe issue or even an infection that will cause a major health issue. Some skin issues are so contagious that one can be affected by another just with a handshake or using a handkerchief.

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Skin is the most powerful protection of important organs in the human body. It acts as a shield to protect our internal body to get damaged. But this important part of the human body can be affected by so serious infections caused by some fungus or viruses or even dust too. Around the world, millions of people suffer from various skin diseases. From acne problems to eczema people suffer a lot. Sometimes a small boil on the skin can turn into a severe issue or even an infection that will cause a

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In view of passive microwave remote sensing microwave emissivity of smooth and bare arable soil surface is estimated by emissivity model. Fresnel reflectivity of soil surface is estimated using experimentally determined complex permittivity of soil and observation angle as the input parameters. The dielectric constants of soils (real and imaginary parts) are determined using wave guide cell method at a single microwave frequency 9.78 GHz. The roughness of the surface is characterized by the Root Mean Square (RMS) height. The rough surface emissivity is calculated using semi empirical model by taking into account the effects of RMS height.

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Microwave Emission study of Arable Rough Soil Surface

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