Volume 5 | Issue 3

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ABSTRACT Demonetization of currency in India is an internationally debated economic issue. It has been carried out to curb the black money menace in India. It had its own pros and cons. Never the less it has increased financial discipline in Indians. This research paper in depth examines demonetization exercise in India and vision ahead to make it constructive

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BLACK MONEY DEMONETISATION INDIA

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The six sigma methodology have an important place for developing and reducing the defects which occur during weaving of plastic bags in the firms. The aim of six sigma is defining, analyzing, correcting and improving the variables, which affect the quality of weaving process in order to decrease the number of defects and the failures and to propose the improvement means for the processes. In this study general structure of six sigma is explained with regard to 'how to define the complex problems which are encountered in the manufacturing of woven bags along with the relevant knowledge and comments for statistical methods that are utilized in measurement and quality improvement of the process.

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six sigma, quality control, statistical approach

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This paper focuses on relay process and design optimization. With optional additional lithography steps, we can achieve a more robust process required for eventual device scaling, highly reduced device footprint area, and the ability to form interconnects to fabricate circuits. Improved relay designs minimize parasitic electrostatic force issues and enhance functionality. The process flow is optimized to achieve the lowest switching voltages, while still ensuring reliable turn-off and avoiding stiction. New device concepts increase device functionality to reduce the number of structures required to achieve a certain function, and provide a new paradigm for designing circuits using relays.

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electrostatic force, digital integrated circuits, lithography, interconnects, parasitic effects, stiction

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Power line communication, Amplitude-shift keying, Home Automation system, Microcontroller, Power Line Modem

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The Article below is the review of the Market Phenomena of Cyrus Mistry vs. Ratan Tata. The Ethical and Moral Implications of the Public Spat between the two parties are studied in detail based on the methodologies through the lens of phenomenology, narratology and metaphorolgy. The material used are referred and the rational for each method adopted, its specific usage for the market phenomena are highlighted. In the end the different methodologies used are contrasted as well. Each question is addressed independently though the references may overlap. The content is a reflection of the information collated by the authors which is referenced and can be used for business academia purpose.

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Corporate Governance, Phenomenology, Narratology, Metaphorology, Leadership Conflict

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This paper investigates the nuanced portrayal of gender and class intersections in selected novels by Chetan Bhagat, a prominent figure in contemporary Indian English literature. It aims to move beyond surface-level observations to uncover how socio-economic realities profoundly shape and often constrain individual gendered experiences within his narratives. Through a critical analysis of novels such as Five Point Someone, 2 States, The 3 Mistakes of My Life, Revolution 2020, Half Girlfriend, and One Indian Girl, this study examines character development, thematic emphasis, and narrative choices. While Bhagat's works often celebrate youth aspirations and challenge traditional norms, they also reveal inherent tensions in depicting female agency within patriarchal class structures. The analysis argues that characters' class backgrounds frequently dictate the forms of gendered struggles they encounter and the extent of their liberation or subjugation. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of Bhagat's socio-cultural commentary, highlighting the complex interplay of gender and class in shaping modern Indian identity and societal dynamics, particularly for the urban middle and lower-middle classes.

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Gender and Class Intersections in Chetan Bhagat's Novels

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems form the critical backbone of modern industrial operations, enabling the centralized monitoring and control of geographically dispersed assets. The evolution of these systems from monolithic, isolated architectures to networked, internet-enabled platforms has fundamentally expanded their capabilities for remote management. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of a SCADA system designed for remote industrial monitoring and control. We detail a modular architecture integrating a Master Terminal Unit (MTU) at the central hub, communicating with remote field devices via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) using standard protocols like Modbus TCP/IP over Wide Area Networks (WANs). The system leverages a robust client-server model with a data historian for logging trends and a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for operator visualization and intervention. Furthermore, this paper addresses the critical challenges inherent in remote SCADA operations, including network latency, reliability, and the emerging cybersecurity threats exacerbated by increased connectivity. The implementation of such a system demonstrates a significant improvement in operational efficiency, predictive maintenance capabilities, and overall safety for industrial processes located in remote or inaccessible areas.

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SCADA, Remote Monitoring, Industrial Control Systems (ICS), RTU, PLC, Modbus, Data Acquisition, HMI.

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The selection of appropriate manufacturing processes in advanced manufacturing environments has become increasingly complex due to the multitude of available technologies, competing objectives, and stringent performance requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies applied to process selection in advanced manufacturing contexts. The study examines various MCDM techniques including Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and fuzzy-based approaches. The research synthesizes literature from 2000 to 2016, analyzing the effectiveness of different MCDM methods in addressing manufacturing process selection challenges. The findings indicate that hybrid MCDM approaches combining multiple techniques provide superior decision-making capabilities compared to single-method applications. The paper contributes to the manufacturing decision-making literature

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Multi-criteria decision making, Manufacturing process selection, AHP, TOPSIS, Advanced manufacturing, Decision support systems

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India's capital markets have undergone a significant transformation, shaped by technological advancements, regulatory reforms, and evolving investor behaviour. Historically, brokers played a crucial role as intermediaries, facilitating transactions, providing market intelligence, and ensuring liquidity. However, the rise of electronic trading platforms, algorithmic trading, and fintech innovations has redefined their traditional functions. The historical evolution of India's stock market traces its origins to informal trading under a banyan tree in 1855, leading to the establishment of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in 1875. Until the 1990s, trading was largely manual, with brokers acting as essential conduits for investors. The introduction of electronic trading by the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1992 marked a turning point, enhancing efficiency and accessibility. The SEBI Act of 1992 played a pivotal role in regulating brokerage services, enforcing transparency, and protecting investor interests. SEBI's reforms led to the dematerialization of shares, faster trade settlements, and the rise of discount brokers offering low-cost trading solutions. The technological transformation of the brokerage industry further accelerated with the advent of mobile trading, algorithmic strategies, and AI-driven advisory services. As brokerage services evolved, traditional brokers faced challenges in adapting to digitalization, competing with tech-first entrants like Zerodha and Upstox, and complying with stringent regulatory requirements. The changing role of brokers saw a shift from advisory-based models to execution-focused services, with firms diversifying into research, financial education, and portfolio management. The impact on investors has been profound, with increased retail participation, democratization of market access, and enhanced trading efficiency. However, the rise of self-directed trading also introduced risks, requiring stronger investor education and regulatory safeguards. Looking ahead, the future of broking in India will likely be shaped by AI-driven advisory, blockchain-based settlements, and hybrid models combining technology with personalized financial guidance. Sustaining innovation with integrity will require policy support, ethical standards, and continuous adaptation to market dynamics. In conclusion, while the brokerage industry has transformed significantly, brokers remain integral to India's capital markets. Their evolving role underscores the need for strategic adaptation, balancing technological advancements with investor trust and regulatory compliance.

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Capital markets, Stock exchanges, Brokers, Intermediation, SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), Regulatory framework, Transparency, Investor confidence, Electronic trading, Dematerialization, Settlement cycles, Retail investors, Discount brokers, Fintech, Algorithmic trading, AI-driven advisory, Blockchain settlement, Market efficiency, Liquidity, Compliance, Cybersecurity, Data analytics, Portfolio management, Robo-advisory, Risk management, Investor protection, Policy support, Hybrid

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A Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is an electronic device that monitors the air pressure in a vehicle's tires and displays tire pressure information to the driver in real time. This device assists drivers in maintaining proper tire pressure, which is critical for fuel efficiency, tire lifespan, and safety. TPMS can also warn the driver of low tire pressure or other problems, thereby preventing accidents and reducing vehicle damage. TPMS is typically made up of sensors mounted in the tires, a receiver in the vehicle, and a display or warning light. The sensors measure the pressure within the tire and send the information to the receiver, which displays it for the driver.

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Pressure, tire.

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In this present article, the researchers present a study on the relationship between socio-economic status and academic achievement of secondary school students. The researchers used descriptive survey research method for the present study and recruited 85 secondary school students from four secondary schools using simple random sampling technique. The Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS) developed by Sahu (2012) was used to collect data on the socio-economic status of the students and the previous year marks of the students which were considered as the academic achievement of the students. The researchers analyzed the data by applying Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test as statistical techniques with the help of IBM SPSS 20.0. The findings of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between socio-economic status and academic achievement of secondary school students.

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Academic Achievement, socio-economic status, students

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The Indian education system is now facing many issues that impede its ability to properly contribute to the nation's economic development. Education is a continuous process that cultivates people and society, promoting intellectual, social, and spiritual growth. Originating from the Latin term meaning "to bring up," education is fundamental in shaping humanity's connections with others, the cosmos, and the Creator. In the current situation, education is essential for the enhancement of intellectual capacities and for stimulating the growth and advancement of the Indian economy. The education system must prioritise the development of learners as innovators, scholars, researchers, and educators. In the last century, India has transitioned from using scientific discoveries and industrial methods to enhance output, to now acknowledging education as a crucial driver of productivity development. The post-war period saw a substantial improvement in education, which augmented human capital and led to heightened economic productivity, with two-thirds of U.S. economic development from 1948 to 1973 ascribed to education and innovation. The escalation of international commerce, globalisation, and privatisation has exacerbated economic competitiveness, making education a vital element in improving labour productivity, promoting technological innovation, and assuring sustainable economic development. The recent extensive educational changes are motivated by the pressing need to enhance India's global competitiveness, productivity, and economic prosperity. Robust economic growth in India requires a holistic strategy that amalgamates the significance of education with overarching economic objectives for sustainable development.

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Education system, Economic growth, India, Labour productivity, Technological advancements, Educational reforms, Economic development.

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Jan Aandolan Aur Gandhi RanNeeti

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Jan Aandolan Aur Gandhi RanNeeti

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With a view to face the challenges of globalization which is in line with the era of information technology, a nation is strongly dependent on the intellectual abilities and skills of its citizens. It is widely held that knowledge, skills, and resourcefulness of people are critical to sustain economic development and social activity in a knowledge-driven society. Given the current high-paced growth and dynamic investment climate in India, the demand for knowledge workers with high levels of technical and soft skills is increasing day by day. Human resources with positive attitude towards life and work and germane skills for advanced knowledge economy are becoming important in today's high momentum, globalised society. The development of human capital is thus essential since it enables a nation to envision its mission. Needless to say, quality human capital emerges from a carefully designed and well-planned education system. Thus, institutions of higher learning play a critical role in producing human capital equipped with technical knowledge, life skills and soft meet the demands and expectations of the economy.

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Soft skills, participatory learning, team-building, peer learning, holistic approach, Stand-alone model, Embedded model

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Karnataka Habbagala Avalokana

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Karnataka Habbagala Avalokana

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ABSTRACT: The Dowry system in India has been running for a long time. It is the money that is given during marriage to the boy or their family, even property can also be included in dowry. The system of dowry started from ancient times like during marriage the money will be given to the groom so that he can take proper care of his bride, it was used to honour both sides of the family. As the time changes dowry still remains in the society but its significance keeps changing with time. Nowadays, the dowry system is becoming like business for some castes. Dowry system is becoming a burden for the bride's family. Many times if demand is not fulfilled for the boy's side then the marriage is abruptly cancelled as a result of this failure. If we see it in our Asian country, then dowry is becoming more important for the groom's side, mainly in countries like India. To end this heinous social practice, the government has made a law to refrain people from taking dowry under the Act of 1961. Whatever money or property given by the bride side they should accept but it never followed. Many places we come to know that because of not doing so on the groom's side the girls are harmed in such a way that sometimes even it leads to death. Some people even think dowry is like crime, it's illegal and they never ask anything from the bride's family. In India, everyone speaks and progresses for women's rights and says 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' but a girl even after achieving everything in her life; where she starts taking care of her family but even then she can't escape the shackles of dowry.

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Key Words: Gender Discrimination, Affecting Career of Women, Suicide, dowry deaths..Etc

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Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Trivinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Trivinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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O'Brien (1954), Jackson (1954) and Hunt (1955) studied the problems of serial queues in the steady state with Poisson assumptions. In these studies, it is assumed that the unit must go through each service channel without leaving the system. Barrer (1955) obtained the steady - state solution of a single channel queuing model having Poisson input, exponential holding time, random selection where impatient customers leave the service facility after a wait of certain time. Finch (1959) studied simple queues with customers at random for service at a number of service stations in series where the arrival from outside was considered at the initial stage. Feedback is permitted either from the terminal server or from each server of the series to the queue waiting for service at that stage by imposing an upper limit on the number of customers in the system at any time. Singh(1984) studied the problem of serial queues introducing the concept of reneging. Singh and Umed (1994) worked on the network of queuing processes with impatient customers. Punam (2011) found the steady-state solution of serial queuing processes where feedback is not permitted. In our present work, the steady-state solutions are obtained for serial channels with feedback connected with non-serial queuing processes with reneging and balking and non-serial queuing processes with reneging and balking in which (i) M service channels in series are linked with N non-serial channels having reneging and balking. (ii) Feedback is permitted in M serial service channel from any channel to its pervious channel. (iii) A customer may join any channel from outside and leave the system at any stage after getting service. (iv) Poisson arrivals and exponential service times are followed. (v) The queue disciple is random selection for service. (vi) Waiting space is finite.

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Steady-State, difference-differential, waiting space, random selection, Poisson arrivals, exponential service, feedback, reneging and balking.

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Abstract: Bangalore, a bustling metropolis in India, has witnessed rapid population growth in recent decades, fueled by urbanization and economic opportunities. This surge has strained infrastructure, housing, and public services, leading to various socio-economic and environmental challenges. This abstract explores the causes and proposes potential solutions to mitigate these issues. The primary causes of Bangalore's population explosion include rural- urban migration driven by job prospects in IT and other sectors, coupled with a high fertility rate among existing residents. Such growth has resulted in overcrowded neighborhoods, inadequate sanitation, and increased pollution levels. To address these challenges, sustainable urban planning initiatives are crucial. These include expanding public transportation networks, promoting affordable housing projects, and enhancing healthcare and educational facilities. Furthermore, investing in green spaces and 2 | Page implementing effective waste management strategies are essential to improve the city's livability and environmental sustainability. This abstract concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated policies that balance economic growth with environmental conservation and social equity. By adopting comprehensive strategies, Bangalore can manage its rapid population growth more effectively and create a more livable urban environment for its residents. Bangalore, a thriving metropolis in India, has undergone unprecedented urbanization and economic growth in recent decades, propelling it into one of Asia's fastest-growing cities. This transformation has been accompanied by a significant surge in population, driven primarily by opportunities in the IT sector and other industries. As migrants flock to the city in search of employment and better livelihoods, Bangalore's demographic landscape has expanded rapidly, posing substantial challenges to its infrastructure, housing availability, and public services. The causes of Bangalore's population explosion are multifaceted. Urbanization has played a pivotal role, attracting a diverse population from rural areas and other states, drawn by the promise of employment opportunities and urban amenities. Concurrently, the city's existing residents contribute to its demographic growth through high fertility rates. These factors combined have resulted in extensive urban sprawl, 3 | Page overcrowded neighborhoods, strained transportation networks, and a burgeoning demand for housing, particularly affordable options. The consequences of this rapid growth are profound and wide-ranging. Infrastructure in Bangalore is under immense pressure, with inadequate road networks, traffic congestion, and insufficient public transportation systems hindering mobility and economic productivity. Housing shortages have led to the proliferation of informal settlements and slums, exacerbating social inequalities and complicating urban planning efforts. Moreover, public services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation struggle to meet the needs of an expanding population, impacting their accessibility and quality. Environmental sustainability is another critical concern amid Bangalore's rapid urban expansion. The city's rapid development has contributed to environmental degradation, including air and water pollution, loss of green spaces, and challenges in waste management. These environmental pressures not only threaten public health but also strain natural resources and exacerbate climate vulnerabilities. In response to these challenges, Bangalore has embarked on various initiatives aimed at managing its population growth sustainably. Sustainable urban planning strategies are at the forefront, emphasizing compact development, mixed land use, and transit-oriented infrastructure to optimize urban space and improve connectivity. Efforts 4 | Page to promote affordable housing projects and upgrade informal settlements aim to enhance living conditions and reduce socio-economic disparities. Investments in healthcare, education, and sanitation infrastructure are pivotal to improving public service delivery and ensuring equitable access for all residents. Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this study posits that rapid population growth in Bangalore is primarily driven by urbanization and economic opportunities, particularly in the IT sector, leading to significant strains on infrastructure, housing, and public services. This demographic expansion exacerbates socio-economic disparities and environmental challenges, necessitating comprehensive urban planning and sustainable development strategies to manage growth effectively while enhancing quality of life for residents. Through targeted interventions and policy measures, Bangalore can mitigate the negative impacts of population growth, achieve balanced urban development, and foster a resilient and inclusive city environment for its diverse population.

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Key Words: ? Bangalore ? Population growth ? Urbanization ? Infrastructure ? Housing ? Public services ? Socio-economic challenges ? Environmental impact ? Sustainable urban planning ? Public transportation ? Affordable housing ? Healthcare facilities ? Educational facilities ? Green spaces ? Waste management ? Livability

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Abstract "The Adivasis are the original inhabitants whose materials position is perhaps no better than that of Harijans and who have long been victims of neglect on the part of the so-called high classes. They are like the indigenous medicine, of the soil, and their roots lie deep there" Mahatma Gandhi 1 India has the largest concentration of tribal people in world, next to Africa. Tribal villages are located in remote and inaccessible forest regions The tribes are said to be the original inhabitants of India. They are called different names. Adivasis, tribes, primitive tribal groups, indigenous people, Scheduled tribes, aboriginals etc. In addition, there are hundreds of de- notified tribes, nomadic tribes, semi-nomadic tribes and other tribes that have not been included in the Scheduled list. In tribal dominated regions, and the poor socio-economic conditions of the tribes were attributed to their geographical and social isolation. The schedule caste (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) are two groups of historically disadvantaged people recognized in the constitution of India. The tribals are deprived of their right in each and every sphere of society. In recent years the resources like land, forest and water of the scheduled has mounted and they have been displaced. The key issue today is the protection of tribal people against exploitation, guaranteeing their rights in their resources so that they are able to develop according to their genius and aspiration. A number of domestic as well as international instruments are constructed to uplift these backward classes of people. The constitution made provisions for socio economic development of tribals.

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Keywords: Scheduled Tribes, Adivasis, nomadic, constitution, tribal area, privileges, vulnerable community, rehabilitation legislations, land laws, Reservation policies, and tribal rights, Forest Dwellers, Empowerment, Policies,

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