Volume 3 | Issue 3

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A Study of Relationship between Mental Health and Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics of Class VIII Students of U. P. Board

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A Study of Relationship between Mental Health and Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics of Class VIII Students of U. P. Board

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Principles of Leadership of Headmasters to Impact on the Work Experience of Teachers

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Principles of Leadership of Headmasters to Impact on the Work Experience of Teachers

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Mauryan Eugene Equestrian Army

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Mauryan Eugene Equestrian Army

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Governance of Higher Education: Addressing Educational Issues

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governance, higher education system, regulating authorities, ICT.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND ANXIETY LEVELS OF HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND ANXIETY LEVELS OF HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS

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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS

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ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN SOCIETY

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ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN SOCIETY

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Freedom Primary and Secondary Concern: A Study of Kamala Das

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Temporal, overstretched, impositions, intellectual

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Concept of knowledge in Indian philosophy

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Concept of knowledge in Indian philosophy

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The paper is explained about side stand releasing automatically by using the mechanical engage. That means the small (external) sprocket is connected over the chain of the two wheelers. While the vehicle is in moving condition the side stand is automatically released. Due to the rotation of the sprocket is lifting the side stand by using clutch cable. The one end of the clutch cable is connected to the side stand, and other end of the cable is connected to the sliding element. If the vehicle is move, the external sprocket is also rotate and strike the sliding rod.at the time the sliding rod is release the side stand by using cable. The engage is De-engaged while the vehicle is in moving condition.

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Design, fabrication, side stand, automatic retrieval.

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?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????, ????? ?? 18 ?? 23 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????-????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???, ??????????? ?????????????, ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? 18 ?? 23 ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? 2009-10 ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???

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Corporate governance in India has undergone significant transformation over the past three decades, particularly in the wake of economic liberalization initiated in 1991. The shift from a state-controlled economic model to a market-oriented framework increased the role of private corporations and capital markets, thereby intensifying the need for robust governance mechanisms. This study critically examines the evolution of corporate governance in India and analyzes the persistent enforcement challenges that continue to affect its effectiveness. Corporate governance broadly refers to the system of rules, practices, and institutional mechanisms through which companies are directed, controlled, and held accountable to stakeholders. It aims to ensure transparency, accountability, fairness, and ethical conduct in corporate management. The evolution of corporate governance in India can be traced from the regulatory structure of the Companies Act, 1956 to a more comprehensive framework under the Companies Act, 2013. Important milestones include the introduction of Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the recommendations of various expert committees such as the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee and the Narayana Murthy Committee, and the strengthening of disclosure norms and board responsibilities under the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations. Despite notable progress in regulatory reform, enforcement remains a significant challenge. The dominance of promoter-led and family-owned firms in India creates structural constraints on board independence and minority shareholder protection. While formal compliance requirements have increased, substantive accountability often remains limited due to regulatory capacity constraints, procedural delays, and governance practices that prioritize control over transparency. Issues such as related-party transactions, insufficient whistleblower protection, limited gender diversity on corporate boards, and inadequate implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) obligations highlight gaps between law and practice. The study also evaluates the growing influence of institutional investors, global capital flows, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards in reshaping governance expectations. Increasing integration with global financial markets has compelled Indian corporations to align with international best practices, yet enforcement mechanisms must evolve to ensure credibility and investor confidence. The analysis underscores that effective corporate governance depends not only on statutory provisions but also on ethical corporate culture, independent regulatory institutions, professional board leadership, and active stakeholder participation.

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Corporate Governance, Regulatory Reforms, Enforcement Challenges, Companies Act 2013, SEBI Regulations, Board Independence, Minority Shareholder Protection, Promoter Dominance.

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Vrutacharani Akkamma

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Vrutacharani Akkamma

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The study titled "A Study of Money Mules and Cybercrime: The Invisible Bridge of Illicit Finance" examines the emerging phenomenon of money mule operations as a critical yet underexplored component of global cybercrime and money laundering processes up to the year 2015. As financial systems worldwide underwent rapid digitization through online banking, mobile transactions, and electronic payment networks, criminal organizations found new avenues to move illicit funds with anonymity and speed. The research highlights how individuals, often unknowingly, become intermediaries in laundering stolen money, thereby serving as the "human link" between cybercrime and the formal financial system. The paper begins by tracing the evolution of financial crimes in the digital era, identifying cybercrime as a growing economic and security challenge. It conceptualizes money mules as participants who transfer illegally obtained funds on behalf of others, classifying them into knowing, unknowing, and coerced categories. The study emphasizes the socio-psychological dimension of mule recruitment, often carried out through deceptive job offers, online advertisements, or fraudulent business schemes. It also explains how these activities fit within the traditional three-stage laundering process, placement, layering, and integration, while utilizing modern banking technologies such as online transfers, remittance systems, and prepaid cards. The research draws from secondary data including reports by FATF, Europol, INTERPOL, RBI, and CERT-In, as well as academic studies conducted between 2005 and 2015. It identifies that developed economies like the U.S., U.K., and EU had already recognized the money mule problem, initiated awareness campaigns and law enforcement operations, while developing nations such as India were just beginning to understand its implications. In India, the expansion of NEFT, RTGS, and mobile banking created new opportunities for legitimate financial inclusion but also increased exposure to cyber fraud. Despite the existence of legal frameworks such as the Information Technology Act (2000) and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (2002), the term "money mule" lacked explicit legal recognition, which limited enforcement clarity. Through analytical and descriptive examination, the paper outlines the functional model of a mule network, recruitment through social engineering, transfer of stolen funds, and withdrawal via multiple accounts. It further discusses behavioral factors such as economic vulnerability, low digital literacy, and manipulation by fraudsters, which made individuals susceptible to such schemes. Institutional weaknesses such as inadequate KYC compliance, fragmented inter-agency coordination, and limited cyber fraud detection mechanisms also emerge as major challenges. The study concludes that by 2015, money mule activity represented a crucial intersection of cybercrime and financial crime, undermining both digital trust and economic stability. Key findings highlight the global spread of mule networks, systemic vulnerabilities in financial monitoring, and low public awareness. Policy recommendations include strengthening KYC and AML compliance at the banking level, conducting awareness campaigns for the public and employees, and enhancing cooperation among financial intelligence units, law enforcement, and regulatory authorities. The paper suggests that future research should explore the evolving technological aspects of mule operations and the socio-economic motivations of participants to design more effective preventive strategies.

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Money mules, Cybercrime, Illicit finance, Money laundering, Financial intermediaries, Digital fraud, Online banking security, Phishing, Identity theft, Social engineering, Financial intelligence, Anti-Money Laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC), Electronic fund transfer, NEFT and RTGS, E-banking in India, RBI guidelines, Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002, Information Technology Act 2000, CERT-In advisories, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Europol and INTERPOL reports, Onlin

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of agility ladder drills and core stability training on speed among softball players. Sixty (N=60) male softball players who participated in intercollegiate tournaments in Kadapa district, aged 16-24 years, were randomly assigned into three equal groups (n=20 each): Experimental Group I (Agility Ladder Drills), Experimental Group II (Core Stability Training), and Control Group. Both experimental groups underwent their respective training protocols for 12 weeks, while the control group did not receive any special treatment. Speed was measured before and after the training intervention, and the data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The pre-test mean scores on speed were 36.75 (Agility Ladder Drills), 36.28 (Core Stability Training), and 36.58 (Control). The post-test means increased to 40.22, 41.05, and 37.09 respectively. The adjusted post-test means were 40.05 (Agility Ladder Drills), 41.26 (Core Stability Training), and 37.05 (Control). ANCOVA revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 42.30, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis using Scheffe's test indicated that both experimental groups improved significantly compared to the control group, with mean differences of 3.00 (Agility Ladder Drills vs. Control) and 4.20 (Core Stability Training vs. Control). Furthermore, Core Stability Training showed a significant advantage over Agility Ladder Drills (MD = 1.20, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that both agility ladder drills and core stability training effectively enhanced speed performance in softball players, with core stability training proving more effective.

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Softball, Speed, Agility Ladder Drills and Core Stability Training.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interval training and altitude training on blood pressure among middle distance runners. Sixty male athletes (age 17-21 years) were randomly divided into three equal groups: Interval Training Group (n = 20), Altitude Training Group (n = 20), and Control Group (n = 20). The experimental groups underwent 12 weeks of systematic training, while the control group did not receive any specific intervention. Blood pressure was assessed through Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during pre-test and post-test. The pre-test mean values of MAP were 99.70 mmHg (Interval Training), 98.30 mmHg (Altitude Training), and 98.90 mmHg (Control). Post-test mean values decreased to 96.25 mmHg (Interval Training) and 94.50 mmHg (Altitude Training), whereas the Control group increased to 100.50 mmHg. ANCOVA results revealed a significant difference among the groups (F = 95.26, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated significant improvements between Interval Training vs. Control (MD = -4.92) and Altitude Training vs. Control (MD = -5.50), while no significant difference was observed between Interval Training and Altitude Training groups (MD = 0.58). The findings suggest that both interval training and altitude training significantly reduce blood pressure levels in middle distance runners, enhancing cardiovascular efficiency and promoting long-term athletic performance. Coaches and trainers may utilize either method to optimize training outcomes and cardiovascular health in athletes.

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Interval training, altitude training, blood pressure and middle distance runners.

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This research paper explores the trends and challenges in implementing sustainable accounting practices in India, highlighting the evolving landscape of corporate sustainability and its implications for businesses. The study examines the development and adoption of sustainable accounting frameworks, emphasizing the need for standardized reporting guidelines tailored to the Indian context. It identifies key challenges, including the lack of standardized frameworks, limited awareness among businesses, resource constraints, and regulatory uncertainties. Through a comprehensive analysis of these issues, the paper provides insights into the current state of sustainable accounting in India and offers recommendations for overcoming these barriers. The research underscores the importance of integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into traditional accounting practices and the role of various stakeholders in fostering a culture of sustainability within organizations. The findings aim to contribute to the broader understanding of sustainable accounting and support Indian companies in aligning their operations with global sustainability goals.

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Sustainable accounting, India, ESG factors, reporting frameworks, regulatory challenges, corporate sustainability, resource constraints, awareness, accounting standards, business practices

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A conceptual framework about the role of information technology in business excellence is presented in this study. These days, information technology and computers are integral components of any organization. Any organization that wants to compete must invest in information technology, much as accountancy and law. Technology presents a challenge to conducting business as well as an opportunity to expand. According to my research, a lot of companies have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to handle their data processing and business transaction demands, marking a large-scale use of information technology. A logical and scientific approach to managerial decision-making, as well as the application of quantitative techniques and models employing computer information technology to solve managerial challenges, have been made simple by the use of information technology in business. Low-cost company operations can also be made possible by information technology in the workplace. For example, a lot of businesses and business owners turn to telecommuting when they need staff. It has been noted that the importance of IT in company is growing daily and that it is currently impossible to run a firm without it.

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Information Technology, Business, Enterprise Resource Planning

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The impact of population growth on the forest cover has been much debated worldwide. There is a reciprocal relationship between population growth and forest cover. In other words, population growth turns out to be the main cause of deforestation in many parts of the world. There is a strong link between demographic and socio-economic trends on one hand, and the depletion of resources and environmental degradation, on the other (Sinha, B.K and Choudhary, S,2008).. Apart from this, population pressure is directly related to the increase in built up areas, encroachment of land under forest cover and lowlands , urbanization, industrialization, alteration of land classes, etc. Increasing built-ups and encroachment by large population base affects the existing forest cover in different magnitude and direction. In this paper, negative relation between population and forest cover change is found, although magnitude is negligible. Simple linear regression and basic statistics are used to interpret the results. IBM-SPSS24 and MS-Excel is used for calculation of statistic.

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Population pressure, Population growth, Forest cover

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