Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The Ashtamangala (ashta meaning eight and mangla means auspicious) are a suite of eight auspicious symbols revered for their sacredness in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. In Buddhism these symbols are: A White Parasol, A Pair of golden Fishes, A Treatise Vase, A Lotus, A Right-Spiralling White Conch Shells, An Endless Knot, A Victorious Banner, and A Golden Wheel. This paper describes about the importance of these eight auspicious symbols with special reference to the Golden Wheel as Dharama Chakra, which is a symbol of absolute completeness. The chakra having the three basic parts -the Hub, Spoke and Rim symbolising the three trainings in Buddhism i.e. Sila (ethics), Prajna (wisdom) and Samadhi (Concentration). It also explains the importance of different number of spokes in chakra in Buddhist tradition, which is the universal truth common to all individuals at all times, along with the turning of the wheel as his teaching.

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Ashtamgala, Dharamchakra, Hub, Spoke, Rim, Turning of The Wheel.

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Contrary to earlier research, this paper has studied the impact of various factors on the overall adjustment of the Indian IT expatriates. The independent variables chosen for the study include organization factors, individual factors and non-work factors. Their impact has been studied on the three adjustment dimensions proposed by Black and Stephens (1989): General Adjustment, Interaction Adjustment and Work Adjustment. The paper is quantitative in nature and has surveyed 67 Indian IT expatriates working all across the globe. Based on the theory and reviewed literature, 4 hypotheses have been put forward. Analysis through regression and one-way ANOVA indicated that the mentioned independent variables do have a significant impact on overall expatriate adjustment. However, the extent of impact of each of these independent factors on the different dimensions of overall expatriate adjustment varies.

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Expatriate Adjustment, Cultural Novelty, General Adjustment, Interaction Adjustment, Work Adjustment, Overseas Assignment

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In recent days many organisations or firms have made their process digitalized, so as such in such a kind of globalised generation a lot of data is being transferred in and around among which much of them are based on images or videos etc. For example let�s take the present scenario of the space rovers which take the snaps of the orbital atmosphere and reflect the data of images to the earth, so in such a scenario image processing comes into existence. Outdoor images are used in a vast number of applications, such as surveillance, remote sensing, and autonomous navigation. The greatest issue with these types of images is the effect of environmental pollution: haze, smog, and fog originating from suspended particles in the air, such as dust, carbon, and water drops, which cause degradation, is essential for the input of computer vision systems. Most of the state-of-the-art research in de-hazing algorithms is focused on improving the estimation of transmission maps, which are also known as depth maps. Transmission maps are essential because they directly explain the quality of the image restoration. In this page an exclusive algorithm and morphological operations are proposed which evicts all the hazy layers of the image and restore the prior fine quality of the image which is purely done based on the usage colour �Dark-Channel-Prior�. The obtained experimental results are evaluated and compared qualitatively and quantitatively with other de-hazing algorithms using the metrics of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index; based on these metrics, it is found that the proposed algorithm has improved performance compared with recently introduced approaches.

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Single-image de-hazing, Image-enhancement, Morphological-operations, Dark channel-prior.

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Vermiculture biotechnology promises to usher in the �Second Green Revolution� by completely replacing the destructive agro-chemicals which did more harm than good to both the farmers and their farmland. Earthworms restore and improve soil fertility and significantly boost crop productivity. Earthworms excreta (vermicast) is a nutritive �organic fertilizer� rich in humus, NKP, micronutrients, beneficial soil microbes - �nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria� and �actinomycets� and growth hormones �auxins�, �gibberlins� and �cytokinins�. Both earthworms and its vermicast and body liquid (vermiwash) are scientifically proving as both �growth promoters and protectors� for crop plants. In the experiments with corn and wheat crops, tomato and egg-plants it displayed excellent growth performances in terms of height of plants, colour and texture of leaves, appearance of flowers and fruits, seed ears etc, as compared to chemical fertilizers and the conventional compost. There is also less incidences of �pest and disease attack� and �reduced demand of water� for irrigation in plants grown on vermicompost. Presence of live earthworms in soil also makes significant difference in flower and fruit formation in vegetable crops. Earthworms biomass, a byproduct of VBT is rich in �high quality protein� and source of nutritive feed materials for fishery, poultry and dairy industries and also for human consumption.

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Vermiculture

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The purpose of the paper, titled as �The Ethnographic Research� is to describe the importance of ethnographic research in cultural studies, its key characteristics, process of conducting ethnographic research, the dimensions that ethnographers must consider in order to get a comprehensive collection of data information in cultural studies and the role of ethnographic researchers to gain the better understanding of the ethnographic research. The importance of ethnographic research is that it enables its presentation as a diagnostic and microcosm of knowledge on a subject and turns this knowledge into generic and recursive knowledge, explore new facts, produce voluminous unstructured data and generate new theories. The role of the ethnographer includes; permission to access society, establish a close and ongoing relationships with research population, maintain reliable and participatory relationships with the research population and to understand phenomena they witness without influencing them at all.

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Ethnographic research, Culture, Tribe

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Banking industry plays a vital role for the development of economy of any country. Non-performing assets have become a terrible factor for Indian banking industry. The present research carries out to compare the Non-performing assets of selected Public sector banks and Private sector banks for the period of 2015 to 2019. This study aims to perform analysis of private sector banks and public sector banks of India by the mean of Non-performing assets. It is found in the study that efficiency to cover debt of private sector banks is better than Public sector banks. Public sector banks face problem of heavy NPAs hence, Government and Regulatory authority should take corrective steps to control the NPAs of the banks.

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Non-performing Assets, Public sector banks, Private sector banks

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Underemployment refers to "Overqualification", or "overeducation", or the employment of workers with high education, skill levels, or experience in jobs that do not require such abilities For example, an individual with an engineering degree working as a pizza delivery man as his main source of income is considered to be underemployed. It is the hazardous trouble at present time to graduates. The objective of this study is to find out the causes of underemployment and its prevention for the youth in Tamilnadu.

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Underemployment, Unemployment, Tamil Nadu, Causes and Prevention

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Why Are We So Blest? explores the hard realities of the continent by means of a communal voice. It is a fictional representation of the conflicts and contradictions that define African situation providing an opportunity to study a confrontation between European and African patterns of thought. The confrontation is apparent in the initial confusion and disillusionment, followed by fragmentation, disintegration, with final emphasis on the consolidation of African identity. It is an attempt to probe the complex relation of colonizer and colonized; a relation which is seen as historically past but psychologically present in the Africans.

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Colour disparity, Self-annihilation, Alienation, Racial Superiority

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This paper tries to identify the challenges that create obstacles of implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at the level of secondary schools in the southern region of Bangladesh. Data is collected from fifteen English teachers of secondary level in southern region of Bangladesh. This article demands the research technique- questionnaire and interviews. This article initiates with the short introduction of CLT, tracked by its problem statement, objectives and research questions. Then literature review is delineated with the help of writings of different scholars. It also discusses some principles of CLT and the roles of instructors and students as well as explores the challenges for the application of CLT associating with the short indication of exam and educational system of Bangladesh. Quantitative data analysis has also been shown in this study to realize the exact condition of Communicative Language Teaching in the study area. The findings point out some encounters- bizarrely large class size, culture, insufficient of trained teachers and modern teaching aids, low salary of instructors, formal relationship between teachers and students, educator�s inability to speak English for a long time in the classroom, imbalance between curriculum and assessment and grammar-based exam. It also focuses on the recommendations and implications for further research to eradicate the challenges. This investigation may offer suggestions for the experts and the language policy makers to upgrade CLT practices.

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Grammar Translation Method (GTM), challenges of CLT implementation, Secondary level, schools located in southern region of Bangladesh

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Several techniques are available for the detection of a landmine in a diversity of environments. Various present landmine detection technologies are Remote sensing technology, ground penetrating radar (GPR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), Electromagnetic induction (EMI), Ultrasound, Explosive vapor detection (EVD) and Infrared detectors (IR). A self-governing robotic system in a minefield is a popular method as it decreases the hazards in manual detection. For the detection of landmines using robots the components consist of a control unit that contains a controller or processor and various sensors. Such robots can be used at Warfield for the detection of landmines and also for surveillance purposes at the border areas. This paper gives you a review of landmine detection using an unmanned robotic vehicle. The purpose is to give a summary of the landmine detection techniques by using robots that are capable of exploring and detecting semi-buried as well as buried landmines and mark their location.

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Landmine Detection, Robot, unmanned vehicle

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This study compared administrators� fund management strategies in public and private secondary schools in Anambra State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study constituted a total of 775 administrators which consisted of 258 state public secondary school administrators and 517 administrators for the private secondary schools in the six education zones in Anambra State. Sample for this study constituted 181 public secondary school principals and 362 private secondary school principals determined through the proportionate stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire titled �School Administrators� Fund Management Strategies Questionnaire (SAFMSQ)� were used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and reliability of the questionnaire determined through Cronbach Alpha method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested at an alpha (?) level of 0.05 significance using t-test statistics. Findings of the study indicated among others; that administrators of the private secondary schools employed more fund management strategies in the areas of their financial budgeting strategies, fund allocation strategies and auditing strategies than administrators of the public secondary schools. However, there were significant differences in the aspect of administrators� fund management strategies between the public and private secondary schools in Anambra State in the aforementioned strategies. Based on the findings, recommendations were proffered, among them include that: the administrators of public and private secondary schools should expand their financial budgeting strategies through effective planning for appropriate fund management.

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Administrators, Fund, Management, Strategies, Public, Private, Secondary schools

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SL v XaN o ;DFH4 AN,FT] UFD0]4 5lZJT"G4 ;XMWG4 VeIF;4 5wWlTXF:+

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When competition is getting more and more global every day, the question of what now/new? Is getting crucial for any company and economy in the whole world. The purpose of writing this paper is to establish the importance of changing Paradigm from traditional to innovative management. In the present / future era. The rise of Artificial Intelligence and technologies will fundamentally reform the work tasks and DNA of many organizations. In this new era the success is more and more dependent on People and their inspiration and creativity. Companies need to start reinventing their management model and organizational paradigm very fast for enabling People to live up to their capacity and thereby being relevant as a company. The paper has suggested a fine innovative theory which explains how important now transformation of manager into a leader is. Characteristics which are very important to change a manger to leader are perfect vision towards organization, able to deliver his statement to his subordinates, tactical thinking, etc The classical way of leadership has been rejected in today�s era organization as they are very comfortable with innovative, techniques of leadership because of the lot of flexibility and enthusiasm in their work environment. Mostly the innovative and creative organizations have changed their management paradigm to leadership at all levels. Which are the three most important levels of organization firstly policy making level i.e. the higher level of the organization, secondly the middle level management and lastly but not least execution level management.

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Keywords: Paradigm change, innovation, manager to leader, characteristics, shared leadership.

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There has been an emerging trend of an enormous number of chat applications which are present within the recent years to help people to connect across different mediums, like Hike, Whats App, Telegram, etc. The proposed network-based android chat application used for chatting purposes with remote clients or users connected to the online , and it will not let the user send inappropriate messages. This paper proposes the mechanism of creating knowledgeable chat application which can not permit the user to send inappropriate or improper messages to the participants by incorporating the bottom level implementation of natural language processing (NLP). Before sending the messages to the user, the typed message evaluated to hunt out any inappropriate terms within the message which may include vulgar words, etc., using natural language processing. The user can build their own dictionary which contains vulgar or irrelevant terms. After pre-processing steps of removal of punctuations, numbers, conversion of text to lower case and NLP concepts of removing stop words, stemming, tokenization, named entity recognition and parts of speech tagging, it gives keywords from the user typed message. These derived keywords compared with the terms within the dictionary and database and therefore the respective response are replied.

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Android Application, Chatting, Dictionary, Named Entity Recognition, Natural Language Processing, Networking, Parts of Speech tagging, Sentimental Analysis, Stemming and Tokenization.

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Phase Change Material (PCM) plays an crucial position as a thermal strength garage tool by way of using its excessive storage density and latent warmness property. The thermo- physical guidelines of Maltitol, (a sugar alcohol), became investigated as a potential fabric for developing increasingly meaty solar thermal power storage structures than those presently available. This latent warmth storage medium could be applied for business and industrial applications using solar thermal electricity garage inside the temperature variety of 100�145�C. The goal of this investigation was to decide through experimentation, if Al2O3 sparse in pure Maltitol for combos of 1, and 3% (by weight) progressed the thermal overall performance of Maltitol for sun thermal strength structures. Nanoparticles best bodily interacted with Maltitol and not chemically, plane without 25 thermal cycles. Without cycling, Nano-Maltitol studied right here suffered a decrease subtract in warmth of fusion than pure Maltitol, which makes Nano-Maltitol increasingly appropriate for solar thermal garage packages at 100�145�C.

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Maltitol(PCM), Al2O3 Nano particle, Thermal Cycling, Ball Milling, DSC, FTIR, SEM.

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This paper understands the concepts of derivatives, hedging and analyzes the Indian Aviation Sector in India. This paper reviews thirty published articles by renowned authors to further understand this field of research. This paper collects the data of Crude Oil prices, Aviation Turbine Fuel prices, Brent prices among others. This paper analyzes the data using models such as Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, Regression, GARCH Model, One-Way ANOVA Test, Unit Root Test, Co-integration and the Granger�s Causality test. The analysis provides desirable results and helps further interpretation and analysis. The results of the analysis also help develop good strategies for airline companies. This paper finds that Crude Oil Prices and Aviation Turbine Fuel prices are highly positively related whose correlation is almost perfect positive (0.98 correlation). The Crude Oil daily future prices do not show any effect of GARCH which shows that its volatility is not significant. The GARCH of Aviation Turbine Fuel prices is significant which helps the authors develop a strategy. Finally, the authors recommend that airline companies use Crude Oil as a proxy hedge for Aviation Turbine Fuel. Hedging using this proxy will help airlines reduce uncertainties and aid better financial planning and provide higher shareholder�s wealth.

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Hedging, Derivatives, Crude Oil, Aviation Turbine Fuel, Proxy-hedge, Correlation, Regression.

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Living beings are the part of environment. A good environment helps all round development of one�s personality and bad environment inhibits it. Both human beings and animals are effected by environmental pollution directly and indirectly. Environmental conservation is important because when we protect the environment, we are not protecting some distinct, distant entity but ourselves. Degradation of the is going on unabated. It is our duty to protect and preserve the environment and the ecological balance. This menace can be prevented only be creating awareness among the people. Rapid deforestation has been the main cause of environmental degradation. Many forests belts has been cleared away to set up industrial units. Rapid urbanisation swallowed the remaining green belts. Deforestation has led to disastrious results. Floods, soil erosion and landslides have destroyed the ecological balance. It is the call of time to plant more and more trees as it brings rain and keep the upper soil intact. Our rivers and lakes have become dumping grounds for industrial wastes, garbage and dirt. Those water has not remained fit for human consumption. Our cities are dirtier every day. The emission of some smoke from factories have converted our cities into big gas chambers. Educational institutions plays a major role to learn and bring awareness about the environmental pollution and protection among young stars which will be discussed in the paper. Only a concerted effort by all can help in maintaining the ecological balance for proper environment. So it is important that we spread the message through other social institutions to make greater change in the society. Different sources through which young stars will learn about the environmental pollution, specially air, water and soil pollution and about the environmental protection will also be discussed in the paper.

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Environment, Deforestation, Pollution, Protection, Education

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Physiological lower leg oedema is one of the cutaneous manifestations of pregnancy.Foot massage has been found to decrease the level of physiological lower leg oedema. Foot massaging stimulates lymphatic circulation and decreases swelling. Massaging the feet from toes to calf and exercising gentle pressure with the fingertips may helps to shift water out of the tissue. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of foot massage on reduction of physiological lower leg oedema among primigravida mothers. Research design adopted for this study was pre experimental with one group pre and post test design.Erin oedema scale was used to assess the level of physiological lower leg oedema. the mean value of post test level of physiological lower leg oedema after receiving foot massage was 2.38 and it was lower than the pretest mean value 0.58. The calculated�t�test value was 7.51 showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of foot massage at p < 0.05 level.On the basis of this study the investigator were concluded that foot massage reduces the level of physiological lower leg oedema and the reflexology technique is the best method to reduce the level of physiological lower leg oedema.

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Foot Massage,

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Liberalization of the economy of India in 1991 has paved the way for various foreign country products to enter in the country. Chinese products in the Indian markets are not a rare sight. They have taken up shelf spaces in many of the retail stores in India giving quite a threat and competition to the Indian products. Also the consumers of India face quite a dilemma in choosing their preferred product between Indian and Chinese. The present research investigation makes a genuine attempt to understand the attitude of the consumers towards the various Chinese products and to study the impact of some predetermined factors on the attitude of the consumers in Guwahati city. The research investigation further tries to find out the level of competition between the Indian and Chinese products in Guwahati city. For serving the purpose of the study both primary data and secondary data has been used. Primary data have been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Secondary sources of data include journals and internet. The sample size for the study consists of 96 respondents and the collected data has been analyzed with the help of the statistical tool; SPSS software.

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Indian products, Chinese products, Consumers attitude, Competition.

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The Article is in regards to the relation between children literature and the foundational development of a child. The childhood is the tenderest and crucial stage of a human development and children literature can play a very intrinsic role in this stage. The article basically focuses on the importance and role played by child literature in the cognitive and analytical development of a child psychology. Also it discusses about the various aspects in which children literature can play a proficient role in the development of child psychology.

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Children Literature, Psychology

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