Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Abstract- Big Data is made up of large variety of data that can�t be determined by adopting the traditional way of data processing. The use of computing devices such as laptops, smart phones and wearable computing devices has increased widely; the data processing through the internet has increased more than the modern computers can bear. We have put forward a step in the field of big data � therefore the data sets that are divided on the basis of the high volume, velocity, variety, resolution and rationality and flexibility. This provides us the most precious data and also assists us in taking most relevant decisions. Just because of this growing rate, the concept of Big Data is brought into consideration. Thus, this will result in giving rise to the numbers of challenges, such as difference in the collected data and other issues like inefficiency, lack of reliability, time taking process, and security issues. Hence, the big data is something which grants lots of benefits to the big firms, corporates etc in the upcoming era. It can be the most adaptive technology so that the businesses can frame the strategies according to it. It will also help the firms in taking corrective actions. Bring this technology and adapting it, won�t be easy. So, it is needed to highlight all the issues and challenges that are associated with it. This study focuses upon throwing the lights on the big data analytics and also finds out the other aspects related with the technology like tactics, issues, challenges, usage, applications, tools and techniques, etc.

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Big Data, Legal, Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Hadoop, Challenges.

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Big Data, Machine Learning, Supervised Learning, Un-Supervised Learning, Artificial Intelligence.

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The slogan �Go Green� is used to motivate people to choose environmentally friendly attitude and live in the society with less waste and harm to the environment. This awareness has made people to use Eco-friendly products and thus a space is being created in the market for the concept called Green Marketing. Green marketing is a strategy used to promote Eco-friendly products, which are hypothesized to be environmentally safe. It is said the consumers are the king of the market and to maintain stability, it is necessary for the organization to understand the attitude of the consumers towards the green products. Though there is huge demand for these products and it�s available online as well as in brick and mortar, but due to lack of awareness towards green products made many consumers not to buy these products. This paper has used both primary as well as secondary data to know the level of consumer awareness on green marketing and to understand the buying behavior of consumers on Eco-friendly products and also to focus on the success factors of marketers in bringing the green brand awareness in consumers mind. This paper used statistical tools to analyze the collected data.

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buying behavior, green marketing, Eco-friendly products

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The photovoltaic solar cells are attracting great deal of interest from across the globe due to their potential of producing electrical energy by harvesting photon energy, available on the earth, which is abundant and available free of cost. However, the cost of electricity production and the efficiency with which it is produced are important attributes. Subsequently, several solar cell generations have been emerged in order to chase the low cost-high efficiency race. Conversion of abundant photon energy into electrical energy with high efficiency at low cost is possible with emerging photovoltaic solar cell i.e Perovskite. Perovskite solar cell, a new type of promising photovoltaic solar cell, exhibited a fast improvement in efficiency from 3.8 in 2009 to 24.2 in 2019. The emergence of PSCs has revolutionized photovoltaic research and development because of their high efficiencies, inherent flexibility, the diversity of materials/synthetic methods that can be employed to manufacture them, and the various possible device architectures. Further optimization of material compositions and device architectures will help further improve efficiency and device stability. But their stability is the major bottleneck for their possible commercialization.

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Solar cell,Perovskite, Efficiency of Perovskite

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The sacrosanct issue of cultural repatriation is built on the foundation of human values and its historical significance, which goes beyond the trade interests and property rights paradigm. One such issue is the never ending dispute over the ownership of the Kohinoor diamond, a magnificent piece of jewelry which holds great significance in the history of India. The main aim of this research paper is to establish a legal pathway to retain such a precious artefact by tracing back the identity and connected destiny of this precious stone. As there seems to be no records that support the absolute ownership of the diamond, the research paper aims in connecting the legal and non-legal aspect. But as per the latest order of the Supreme Court of India, the matter can only be taken up in the International forum as the possession of the diamond is currently with Britain. Hence, as the Indian legal system is absolutely helpless in this situation only the foriegn affairs ministry of the country could bring a plausible justification to the same. The never ending battle for the Kohinoor in the Indian Courts has undergone a legal burial after all as the Bench proclaimed that it has no jurisdiction and with no power to take up the case the legal system is helpless. Hence, the historians have to succumb to the efforts of repatriating the diamond leaving them to establish in their textbooks that the British stole the Diamond from a young Indian prince over a contract that was drafted way back in time.

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Cultural repatriation, trade interests, property rights, History of India, Kohinoor, jurisdiction, legal burial, Foreign Affairs ministry, absolute ownership.

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Malware is pervasive in networks, and poses a critical threat to network security. However, we have very limited understanding of malware behavior in networks to date. In this project, we investigate how malware propagates in networks from a global perspective. We formulate the problem, and establish a rigorous two layer epidemic model for malware propagation from network to network. Based on the proposed model, our analysis indicates that the distribution of a given malware follows exponential distribution, power law distribution with a short exponential tail, and power law distribution at its early, late and final stages, respectively. Extensive experiments have been performed through two real-world global scale malware data sets, and the results confirm our theoretical findings.

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Malware, Propagation, Epidemic Model, Power Law, Exponential Distribution.

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Women empowerment is a process in which women challenges the existing traditions and culture which are gender biased. Taking part of women in self-help groups (SHGs) makes a significant impact on their empowerment both in social & economical aspect. This study addresses women empowerment through self-help groups in Nadaun block of Hamirpur district in H.P.The study has been conducted from both, primary & secondary sources. A random sampling method has been used. Chi �square test has been used to draw meaningful results. The result of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater impact on economic, social and digital empowerment aspects of the beneficiaries.

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Digital Empowerment, Economical, SHGs etc.

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Travel writing, Politics, History, Breaking Stereotype

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Keywords: Autobiography, Dalit Women, Dalit Christian, Caste exploitation, oppression

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Punica granatum is an extremely significant medicinal plant with commercial significance and is known for its antioxidant potential. The pericarp is a leftover unwanted part of the Punica granatum fruit that has been reported to have several medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This study focuses on analyzing the antibacterial potential of the pericarp extracts and its synergistic antibiotic effect with some beta lactum antibiotics against methicillin-resstant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). The antibacterial actions of water extract of dried out Punica granatum pericarps were tested against MRSA strains by agar well diffusion method. The pericarp extract sterilized by bacterial filter proved advanced inhibitory outcome against the MRSA strains. Then the pericarp extract is combined with beta lactum antibiotics such as cephalothin, cloxacillin, ofloxacin and cefoxitin. Cephalothin and ofloxacin are effective against MRSA strains individually and shows synergistic effect with Punica granatum fruit pericarp extracts. But cloxacillin and cefoxitin, are not effective against MRSA strains individually but shows synergistic effect when combined with fruit pericarp extracts. The synergistic effect of antibiotic is assessed using Checkerboard Assay method.

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Punica granatum, Betalactum antibiotics, Methicillin-Resstant Staphylococcus aureus, Medicinal Plant

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Electricity is the backbone of any economy. Electrical energy is the indispensable force that drives all economic activity the greater the energy consumption, the more the economic activity, resulting in the emergence of growth. A steady growth in the economy is a prerequisite for any nation desirous of becoming a developed country. Demand of electricity in India is very high, to meet the growing demand, transformers are playing major role. As the demand of electricity increases, rate of failure of transformers & reactors is also increasing, below referred graph 1a & 1b & table 1 showing energy demand & requirement in India, (source: LGRB 2018-19 report of CEA). This paper based on statistical analysis of catastrophic failures of transformer & reactors. They are designed & constructed in such a way to serve at least 35 years, but they failed very earlier. For the study we have collected data from different utilities across India i.e 21 transformer & 4 reactors of different voltage class. All they are failed between 1st sept. 2015 to 31st Dec 2016. Transformer and reactors are one of the most expensive equipment�s of sub-station. Failure of these equipment�s is just like an ice burg and its impact is unbelievable such as unbalancing of transmission system grid, reliability of network and as well as huge revenue loss and take hundreds of man hour to restore the service and restoring cost i.e lum-sum 50-60K USD which includes cost of arrangement of new part or complete tank, T&P, filter machine, oil storage tank, dry air generator, dismantling of bushing, turrets, cooler units ,Vehicle & Crane for lifting & shifting of materials , dragging, shifting of new transformer, re-erection of bushing, turrets, cooler units, testing & also arranging a team of experts for identifying the root cause of failure. Around the world, utilities apply different approaches to estimate the actual stage of life of their assets. Two main methodologies can be distinguished here; bottom-up and top-down analysis. The bottom-up analysis focuses on the degradation and condition assessment of individual assets. The base for such an analysis is maintenance and diagnostics reports (e.g. DGA, PD-measurement, FRA, dielectric response), loading history and aging characteristics obtained through investigations performed on service-aged materials. The top-down analysis investigates the condition of the whole population by means of analytical tools (e.g. statistical distributions). In such approach, the information about number and ages of both failed and installed units are essential. Emphasis is put in this case on economic and strategic life-time assessment. Results of a top-down analysis are e.g. failure frequency, age of assets which are most likely to fail. However, both approaches have certain limitations, imposed by the differences in design and operating regimes. The main aim of this paper is to discuss modes of failure, causes of failures, service life, failure trend based on statistical analysis. Study of every failure is important, they provide a key information to design more reliable and efficient product.

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Transformer & Reactors, Failure, Faults, Overloading

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The idea of ethnocentrism was initially utilized by sociologists and anthropologists, however after some time different orders have embraced and utilized it generally. All things considered, regardless of the wide utilization (or maybe as a result of it), ethnocentrism has been a dangerous idea, with changed, free, and conflicting uses. Ethnocentrism is frequently assembled, or even utilized reciprocally, with ideas, for example, bigotry, patriotism, separation, partiality, and xenophobia. Like these related ideas, ethnocentrism is viewed as a bothersome marvel. As needs be, a significant capacity of most utilizations of ethnocentrism is to censure it as negative, wrong, and hurtful, and the basic is to stay away from, lessen, and kill it. Albeit different creators have regularly addressed whether it is conceivable to kill ethnocentrism, it is uncommon to utilize the idea with positive undertones, despite the fact that now and again ethnocentrism has been seen as important. All in all, two calculated errors have influenced the investigation of ethnocentrism. The principal false notion alludes to the inclination to utilize the idea of ethnocentrism to indicate various and irrelevant wonders. The subsequent false notion relates to the inclination to contemplate the wonder of ethnocentrism utilizing various ideas. For instance, the anthropologist Franz Boas, one of the most vocal rivals and pundits of ethnocentrism, regularly expounded on marvels that others marked ethnocentrism, however didn't utilize the idea itself in his significant compositions. It is no uncertainty because of the early expansive, uncertain, and free uses that ethnocentrism has implied various things to various controls and people. Likewise, notwithstanding authentic intrigue, it is essential to comprehend the first utilizations of ethnocentrism as these have influenced most future uses.

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Ethnocentrism, anthropologist, inclination, investigation, partiality

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In recent days, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has played a major role in the field of medical imaging. Segmentation of MRI datasets helps in brain abnormalities detection by improved understanding, predicting the growth rate and enhanced treatment planning. Manual segmentation is identified to be more time consuming and sometimes the results are inaccurate. Automating the above task lies the real challenge owing to the problem of intensity inhomogeneity that occurs in the MRI dataset. Deep learning has been already excelling in wide ranged fields like text processing, Image Segmentation, Speech recognition, drug discovery, toxicology and various other fields. Deep learning for medical image analysis helps to integrate various ideas through their convolutional and fully connected networks. In this study we discuss about brain tumor which has its mortality level increasing at an alarming rate. In our proposal various brain tumor prediction and segmentation techniques are discussed and the best approach is compared for overall performance using various deep learning approaches.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain tumor Segmentation and Brain abnormalities.

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Education is the basic tool for empowering a woman; moreover, Education is the key to development. India has made progress in education, but not enough and definitely India attained independence, almost sixty percent of girls / women are not literate. Most of them have never been to school or any other education programmee. Education-basic, functional or digital, always enlightens a person from the darkness of ignorance and innocence. Awareness about importance of cleanliness, good habits and knowledge about various disciplines helps a woman to support her family and groom her children as better citizens of the society. Girls need life skills. Thinking critically, empathizing and relying on themselves help them meet day-to-day challenges and make informed decisions. When girls learn these skills and how to use them daily, they become better to handle the challenges they may face, from gender and many situations. The primary aim of running girls school is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for the girl child. In India, the girls rarely get a chance to get a proper education, and these schools ensure they get the best ambience to study. The present paper focuses on status and challenges of Girl�s Secondary Education in India.

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Girl�s Education, Secondary School, National Programs, Andhra Pradesh

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Abstract The Panchayati Raj Institutions in India is not of recent origin, the system existed from the Vedic period which was based on the principles of decentralization and mass participation in decision making. The term Panchayati Raj was coined by our first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru who favoured the idea of village republic. Gandhiji realized the importance of village Panchayat as an important instrument of rural development, promoting democracy at grass-root. His term for such a vision was �Gram Swaraj� (village self governance). According to him, �if the village perishes India will perish too. It will no more be India. Her own mission in the world gets lost.� The main objective of this paper is to understand the PRI�s from historical perspective and the changes after the implementation of 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) in India. This Research Paper is based on secondary sources and the data is collected from Books, Journals, Articles, etc.

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Keywords: PRI�s in India, Historical background of PRI�s, 73rd CAA & Changes after CAA

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The thesis is intended to research the composite shaft material in place if conventional shaft material (Carbon steel SAE 1045). Substituting composite structure in place of conventional metallic structure has advantages like higher strength, high specific stiffness and lower density. The Property of composite shaft is used for the applications in which reducing weight is an important factor without compromising the quality and factor of safety. This thesis was carried out for industries in which manufactures Motors and Generators. This thesis aims at providing the less weight composite shaft when compared to the conventional shaft and it will be used in motor which demands lesser overall weight.

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COMPOSITE SHAFT FOR AN MOTOR

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Since independence, under the planned process of development, the Indian industries have been making remarkable efforts for speedy development in industrialisation across the globe. A variety of purposeful policies and measures has been undertaken to promote industrial development in the world. Accordingly, the industrial sectors in India witnessed significant changes by adopting the multi dimensional strategies in their operations. E-commerce is one of the dimensional strategies. EC provides benefit to business firms while reducing transaction cost, facilitates in spreading markets geographically, and improves compatibility between parties. It is a assured application of IT brought a revolution in supply chain management which includes manufacturing, retail and service operations. The article focused on the importance of E-Commerce and an attempt have been made to define different types of e-commerce as well as explored its major elements in relation with industrial management. Besides, the process of E-Commerce components may observe in different areas of industry such as manufacturing, retailing and service operations.

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E-commerce; Supply chain management; Elements and Framework.

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The advancement of technology leads to increasing accuracy of computer vision such as machine learning in which a machine learns itself, without explicit programming. The field deep learning which is a subset of machine learning in Artificial intelligence uses patterns used in decision making has made task of image processing much easier. This paper will focus on TensorFlow by google. The trained coco models are taken with input which in turn produces output boxes where objects are identified within frames with percentage match and labels. This survey paper will elaborate the actual working of TensorFlow. The working of COCOAPI models includes capturing, storing and comparing thousands of images with real time objects and percentage matches are described with its process in ensuring literature surveys. Apart from this, paper also includes some details about yolo for training object detection models.

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TensorFlow, cocoapi, weights, models, OpenCV, image processing, deep learning, artificial intelligence, machine learning

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William Shakespeare,often called England's national poet,is considered as the greatest dramatist of all time.Kalidasa,known as the Shakespeare of India,is regarded as the greatest of the Sanskrit dramatists of India.Though Shakespeare and Kalidasa belonged to different age , culture and language but as a great literary luminaries they both shared many things in common.Both the writers had a deep understanding of human nature.Their writings capture the range of human emotion and conflict.In this paper an attempt has been made to bring out some of the similar concepts used by both the writers in treating love and Supernatural elements in the plays The Tempest and Abhijnanashakuntalam.

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William Shakespeare,Prosperous,Miranda,Ariel, Supernatural,Kalidasa,Shakuntala,Dusyant

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: It is widely accepted that settlements can be differentiated in terms of rural and urban, but there is no consensus on what exactly defines a village or a town. Although population size is an important criterion, it is not a universal criterion since many villages in densely populated countries of India and China have population exceeding that of some towns of Western Europe and United States. At one time, people living in villages pursued agriculture or other primary activities, but presently in developed countries, large sections of urban populations prefer to live in villages even though they work in the city. The basic difference between towns and villages is that in towns the main occupation of the people is related to secondary and tertiary sectors, while in the villages most of the people are engaged in primary occupations such as agriculture, fishing, lumbering, mining, animal husbandry, etc. Depending on the size, the rural settlements are classified as Hamlets is rural settlement comprising of few houses only), true village communities, villages and large villages. True village community are just ancient and long settled villages where in extreme cases, no personal property exists and everything belongs to community of peasants. Such village communities are seen in India, Malaya and France.

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 Keywords

Rural , settlement , compact and helmeted.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition