Volume 13 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The Machine we designed and fabricated is used for cutting any shape of object like Circular, Rectangular, and Polygon. Hence our project namely Typical Pipe Cutting Machine is a Special type of Machine. According to the type of material to be cut, the cutting tool can be changed. This project gives details of Cutting various shapes and sizes of components. This machine can be widely applied in almost all type of industries. The pipe cutting process is a main part of the all industries. Normally the cutting machine is manually hand operated one for medium and small scale industries. In our project is pneumatically operated "TYPICAL PIPE CUTTING MACHINE". Automation in the modern world is inevitable. Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most. In our project is hand operated D.C valve and flow control valve is used for semi-automation. The pipe cutting machine works with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder. The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool. It is also used to cut the small size of sheet metal. The machine is portable in size, so easy transportable.

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Pipe cutting machine, Automation, Pneumatic cylinder. Flow control valve, check valve.

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In this study, we developed a completely contactless air conveyor system for transporting and positioning planar objects. The air conveyor forms a thin film underneath the object for support and simultaneously generates a controlled airflow that results in viscous traction. It is potentially applicable in the manufacturing process for semiconductor wafer or flat foodstuffs, where mechanical contact is expected to be avoided during transportation of the products to minimize contamination. The air conveyor employs duplicated arrays of actuating cells that are square pockets with a surrounding dam. A simple model is proposed to characterize the viscous force. The theoretical analysis reveals that the total force is the composition of an actuating force generated in the pocket areas and the side areas and a drag force generated in the dam areas. Experimental investigations are conducted on the basic characteristics of the film pressure distribution and the viscous force. The results show that the air film pressure is symmetrically distributed in the width direction but non- symmetrically distributed in the length direction. The viscous force increases if the suction flow rate is enlarged or the gap thickness is narrowed. Comparison of the experimental results and the calculated results indicates that the model can provide an accurate prediction. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is applied for 1D-position control and position tracking. The actuating direction is selected using fast switching valves and the amplitude of the actuating force is adjusted using a control valve to vary the suction flow rate. The simulated and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the air conveyor system and the control method.

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Contactless Conveyor, Problem Statement, Construction and working, Design considerations, Modeling, Blower, Accurate, Load Capacity.

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Various methods used for leak detection are described as well as the instruments available for this purpose. Special emphasis is placed on the techniques used for particle accelerators.

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Vaccum Vessel, Pressure, Gas, Accelerator

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Two-wheelers are a very important part of our lives but also responsible for some minor and major accidents because most of the riders forget to stow the side stand to the riding position causing fatal accidents and injuries. About 40 percent of accidents happen due to the parked position of the side stand of the two-wheeler. According to research, there are 2300 two-wheeler accidents reported by over every million people in India. In which every 300 victims die at the site or during the medical proceeding. Forgetting to stow the side stand of the two-wheeler is one of the frequently done mistakes of the two-wheeler riders. These accidents can be prevented by using an automatic side stand retrieval system in two-wheelers. In this, a simple rack and pinion assembly is used to stow the stand when the rider starts the vehicle. The system will monitor the angle of the vehicle from the vertical axis and engine RPM with the help of a gyroscope and a photoelectric sensor. When the angle of vehicle is less than 15 degrees and the engine exceeds 1600 RPM the motor will receive power and the stand will be pushed to its riding position. The design and analysis of rack and pinion is done in Solidworks and Ansys workbench respectively. For manufacturing of rack and pinion and casing EN24 and Aluminum 6061 is used respectively and also achieved FOS of 1.5 for fatigue life cycle of 106 hrs. By using this method the rider will never have to worry about the stand ,and this will make sure the safe ride.

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Two-wheeler, Side-stand, Stove, Rack & Pinion, Interlocking, Reminder device, Clutch, Engine, Fatigue, Spring, Gyroscope

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Multi-purpose dryer and heater, we introduce through our project is useful for drying grounds and cardamom wherever moisture contents. This is also used as a room heater. Now a day, rain fall occurs at any time. At that time, the dryer is used to remove the moisture contents in the ground. In our project, the Multi-purpose dryer and heater consists of two main parts such as heating element and blower. The blower is used to passing the hot air to the ground, so that the moisture contents in the ground was removed. The size of our project is also portable. So we can move the ground dryer to any place very easily.

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Dryer, Motor, Heater controller system, Gear, Bearing, Blower.

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As the world is going through a tough competitive environment scenario, the companies need to provide a wide variety of products to meet a suitable and affordable requirements. The economic success of manufacturing firms depends on their ability to identify the basic needs of customer and quickly create the product to meet the requirements of the customers that are produced at low cost. The paper is created to offer a literature review related to design and development of gear box. The paper focuses on a major aspect i.e to design and development of a gear box to overcome the problem like mass production and cost optimization with effectively to provide service to customer.

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Design & Development Of Gerbox.

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The aim of our project is to develop a model of a chain-link fence. The fence features wires running vertically, bent into a zigzag pattern. Each "zig" hooks with the adjacent wire on one side, while each "zag" hooks with the wire on the other side, creating a diamond pattern. This design not only enhances the fence's structural integrity but also maintains the traditional appearance characteristic of chain-link fences. Our model will focus on accurately replicating this pattern to ensure durability and functionality, making it a reliable and effective fencing solution.

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FABRICATION OF CHAIN LINK WIRE MESH MAKING MACHINE

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A paper shredder machine can be used to cut papers into small strips or pieces. These machines can be used by government associations or other privately-owned companies to destroy their private papers or confidential documents to avoid them from falling into wrong hands. The paper shredder makes use of 2 x rutting blades to achieve the desired paper cutting. The blades are driven by a dc motor. The dc motor is attached to the blades through a bearing arrangement for high stability. The motor is used to drive one blade which in turn drives the other blade using an equal gear mechanism. This ensures both blades move in desired direction and at the same speed. The shredder consists of a metal drawer with handle that allows user to pull out the shredded paper falling through the blades to be easily removed and disposed off. The controller panel of the machine consists of switch for turning on and off the machine along with an emergency stop button to pause operation urgently.

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MOTORIZED PAPER SHREDDER MACHINE

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You can utilise a quick-lifting jack with a bevel gear configuration for lifting. The function of a quick-lifting jack with a bevel gear arrangement is identical to that of a screw jack. It is used to lift the weights back and forth from the bottom to the top. Bevel gears are used in this setup rather of the worm gears that were used in screw jacks. Compared to a screw gauge, this setup has some benefits. The highest load it can support is around 2000 kg. Pneumatic screw jacks, hydraulic screw jacks, and conventional screw jacks are all replaced by this arrangement. The major goals of this setup are to increase screw jacks' load carrying capacity, reduce costs, and get around various other challenges. The challenges with screw jacks are that they are expensive and need constant lubrication. This can be used in lifting cars, trucks, buses, and many other types of vehicles, as well as in industrial settings. As opposed to standard screw jacks, this method doesn't require a lot of physical labour. When compared to standard screw jacks, this setup does not harm the screw threads as quickly. It has the greater lifespan. It can bear a large amount of weight. It doesn't need to be lubricated frequently. Construction- wise, it is fairly straightforward compared to pneumatic and hydraulic systems. Pneumatic systems need air compressors, and hydraulic jacks use cumbersome cylinders and hydraulic fluids. When compared to both systems, it weighs less. The bevel gear design of the quick lifting jack makes it exceedingly portable.

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Bevel. Lubrication, Threads, Jacks, Load.

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In this paper we reviewed generally conventional hacksaw machine is use for the cutting of rods, plates or any circular parts. But the conventional hacksaw machine takes more time to cut each individual part. And for reason we take changes in conventional hack saw machine into multi way hacksaw machine. This machine is able to cut multiple elements at a time with different strength. Due to optimization we take it to improving quality and its performance in optimum sources. This machine very efficient to increase the rate cutting and reduce time required in conventional hacksaw machine. In small scale industries the raw materials such as PVC pipes, wooden blocks, metal pieces need to cut into pieces foe various applications. At a time four work-pieces can be mounted on the machine. We have used a D.C. motor for rotating the Cam using Scotch- Yoke mechanism which is linked with the ConnectingRods.Themotorisusedtorotatethelinkageson which the hack-saw is mounted. This mechanism helps in reducing time of cutting the work-piece and also gives a better efficiency and provides safety. This results in decreasing the efficiency of the industry, as labors are not able to work all day in any industry

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Multi-Way Hacksaw Machine, Cutting process, Scotch-Yoke Mechanism.

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In this we fabricate the pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine. It time delay valve has three different times like, low, medium, high. It control by a button and it consist many more electric and electronic components. This circuit run on adapter this adapter provide 12 volt DC current. This pneumatic circuit also have components like, compressor, FRL unit. Pressure gauge, 3/2 solenoid operated direction control valve, double acting cylinder, etc.

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pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine, 12 volt DC adapter, and compressor, solenoid valve, Pressure gauge.

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Over the past years automation has impacted a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing through the reduction of production time, improved system performance and process control. Recently Zimbabwe has seen a rise of small scale producers of liquid products which include detergents, liquid soaps, fruit juices, milk products and bottled water. Manual filling methods being used are resulting in low production outputs and losses through spillages. The procurement of state of art bottling systems is cost prohibitive as most systems are designed for large scale industries. This paper describes the design of a low cost flexible automated bottle filling machine capable of filling two different volumes. The machine was designed according to the VDI 2206 guidelines for mechatronic systems design. Modelling and simulation was used to determine the most suitable material, transfer system and filling mechanisms for the machine. A conveyor based transfer system was developed coupled to a filling unit which fills four bottles at a time. Developed control algorithms were implemented on an Arduino Due microcontroller platform. System integration resulted in a physical prototype being produced. Tests were carried out on the designed machine validating the functionality of the machine. The designed machine could fill 600 bottles in an hour.

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Automation, Bottle filling machine, VDI 2206, Arduino, Mechatronics

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This project is based on pedal powered energy. The bicycle pedal is connected with the flywheel with the use of chain drive and belt drive. By applying force (bicycling action) on the pedal will make the flywheel rotate at some speed which is based on human effort. At the end of flywheel assembly, the small type of generator named a dynamo is connected for the generation of power. It generates the DC power which is stored in the battery and to make it useful to charge the mobile, Inverter is mounted in between this. The generation of power is only dependent on human effort. In this no fuel is require for the generation of power. That's why it does not harmful to the environment or any life. The concept of this project, It is also used for pedal hacksaw, pedal pump, pedal grass-cutter and many more. This project is very useful for those people who live in rural area. Ultimately the bicycle is used as fat reducing equipment for human and as travelling vehicle.

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Pedal Power, Dynamo, Rotary Motion, Flywheel, Bicycle, Mobile

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Educational Apps Have Revolutionized Learning By Providing Personalized, Flexible, And Interactive Experiences. However, Excessive Dependency On These Digital Platforms Has Raised Psychological, Cognitive, And Social Concerns. Prolonged Usage Can Lead To Reduced Attention Span, Cognitive Overload, And Diminished Critical Thinking Skills. Academic Stress, Digital Fatigue, Anxiety, And Sleep Disturbances Are Also Observed. Excessive Digital Learning Also Impairs Face-To-Face Communication, Weakens Emotional Intelligence, And Fosters Digital Dependency, Limiting Students' Ability To Engage In Collaborative Learning And Real-World Problem-Solving. This Review Synthesizes Findings From Recent Indian And International Studies On The Psychological Impact Of Educational Apps, Drawing From Peer-Reviewed Journals, Survey Reports, And Longitudinal Studies Conducted By Organizations Such As NIMHANS, AIIMS Delhi, NCERT, And UNESCO. The Study Uses A Systematic Analysis Of Empirical Research On Students' Cognitive And Emotional Well-Being, Evaluating Factors Like Attention Span, Academic Stress, Social Interactions, And Sleep Quality, And Incorporating Quantitative Data From National Surveys On Educational Technology Adoption. Digital Learning Leads To A 40% Decline In Sustained Attention, Increased Academic Anxiety, And Reduced Problem-Solving Efficiency In Students. AI-Driven Assessments Struggle With Independent Critical Thinking, And Prolonged Screen Exposure Disrupts Sleep Cycles. Digital Learning Also Decreases Interpersonal Communication Skills. This Paper Suggests Structured Screen-Time Regulations, Blended Learning Models, Digital Well-Being Strategies, And Ethical AI Integration To Improve Educational Benefits And Safeguard Students' Cognitive, Emotional, And Social Well-Being, Emphasizing Collaboration Among Educators, Parents, And Policymakers

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Educational Apps, Dependency, Psychological Impact, Well-Being, Mental Health

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 Abstract

??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????-?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? "??? ???" (????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??) ?????? ?? ???? "??? ??" (????????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??) ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? - ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???-??? ????, ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????????, ??????????, ??????? ????????????? - ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??-????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ??? ???-??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ??????????, ?????, ??????, ???????, ???? ??????, ?????, ??????????????, ???????? ??????????, ??????, ????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ........... ???? ??????? ?????? ????

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???????, ??????? ??????, ???????, ?????????????, ??????????????, ??????????, ?????????????, ????????

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The Library Or Information Centre Is An Integral Part Of Any Educational Or Research Institution, Which Is The Hub Of Teaching, Learning And Research Activities And Where Students And Researchers Get Their Required Information According To Their Need. In The Traditional Libraries, The Library Users Have To Spend Much More Time For Searching A Small Piece Of Information And For That They Have To Depend On Library Staff. But Today In The Age Of Information Communication & Technology (ICT), Computers Are Being Used For Day To Day Activities And Services Of The Libraries, Which Save The Time Of Users And Library Staff, Avoid The Duplication Of Work And Make The Library Services More Smooth And Effective. The Establishment And Development Of Electronic Libraries (E-Libraries) In All Over The World Have Brought Revolution In This Way. To Provide Better And Faster Services To The Users In A Convenient Way, The Most Of The Libraries Are Getting Automated Their Operations And Services. They Are Converting Their Traditional Resources Into Electronic Resources (E-Resources) With The Use Of ICT Applications And Making These E-Resources Easily Available On Internet For Researchers And Distance Learners To Save Their Valuable Time. This Paper Presents And Analyses The Status Of E-Libraries, Their Development, Facilities And Services. It Also Discusses The Features, Forms And Benefits Of E-Libraries. It Also Focuses On Their Role In Socio-Economic Development Of India.

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Library Or Information Centre , Traditional Resources, E-Libraries

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Rural Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Play A Crucial Role In India's Economy By Creating Jobs,Fostering Local Development, And Reducing Poverty. The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Initiative, Launched By The Government Of India, Aims To Build A Self-Reliant Economy By Strengthening The MSME Sector Through Policy Measures, Financial Incentives, And Support Mechanisms. This Research Paper Examines The Impact Of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Initiatives On Empowering Rural Msmes, Focusing On The Opportunities Created, The Challenges Faced, And The Strategies Needed For Sustainable Growth. The Study Highlights Key Initiatives Under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, Such As Improved Access To Finance, Digital Transformation, Skill Development, And Enhanced Market Linkages, Designed To Help Rural MSMEs Overcome Structural Barriers And Enhance Their Competitiveness. It Also Discusses The Persistent Challenges That Rural Enterprises Encounter, Including Infrastructure Limitations, Technological Gaps, Lack Of Awareness, And Supply Chain Disruptions. Through An Analysis Of Case Studies And Policy Frameworks, The Paper Identifies Best Practices And Lessons Learned From Successful Rural Msmes That Have Leveraged These Initiatives For Growth. The Research Concludes With Strategic Recommendations To Optimize Policy Implementation And Foster Innovation Among Rural MSMEs, Emphasizing Their Critical Role In Driving India's Economic Transformation Toward Self-Reliance.

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Empowerment, Aatmanirbhar ,MSME's, Digital Transformation

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In Modern Education, One Can See A Complete Shift In The Teaching Pedagogies And Methodologies Adopted For Learning. There Is A Transformation In The Teaching-Learning Process Which Involves A Shift From A Teacher-Centric Approach To Student-Centric Learning. The Latest Trends And Modern Pedagogies Of Learning With Technology Include Class Engagement, Interaction With Students, Small Group Activities, And Creating A Conducive Learning Atmosphere. The Given Research Paper Focuses On Analyzing The AI-Based Teaching-Learning Process And Using Modern Or Smart Gadgets In Student Development. It Also Highlights The Approach Of Student-Driven Learning And Having An Interactive Learning Environment In Education. In The Given Research Paper, A Detailed Analysis Of Different Teaching-Learning Methods Involving Methods Like Small Group Activities, Short Lectures, Simulation Games, Role Plays, And Individual-Based Learning Is Highlighted. It Further Emphasizes The Usage Of These Tools In Carrying Out Other Administrative Tasks Like Conducting The Exams, Getting Student's Feedback, Preparing The Question Papers, Making Results, And Carrying Out The Evaluation Process. Also, The Review Focuses On Identifying And Analyzing The Existing Literature Reviews On The Modern Teaching-Learning Process And The Relevant Findings.

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AI (Artificial Intelligence), Innovation, Creativity, Pedagogy, Conducive Atmosphere, LMS (Learning Management System).

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In Today's Time, Disaster Management Has Become The Most Crucial Aspect For The Survival Of Any Nation. In Some Situations, Disaster Management Becomes Even More Critical Than The Defence System Of A Country Because Defence Of A Country Is Related To Only Human Actions But Disasters Are Both Man Made And Nature Made. So In The Current Scenario, The Disaster Management Has Become The Global Phenomenon And That's Why The Global Summits, Treaties And Agreements Are Being Signed By All The Nations. In The Current Paper, India's Disaster Management System And Policies Have Been Studied With Comparison With Japanes System And Policies. The Comparison With Japan Has Been Selected Because It Is The Known Fact That Japan Have Been The Most Vulnerable Country Historically. Japan Is The Most Earthquake Prone Country Of The World And The Only Country Having Faced Two Atomic Bombs. So Seeing The Global Position Of Japan, It Is Not Surprising That Japan's Disaster Management System Is Ranked First In The World. India Is Currently Considered To Be The Most Populous Country Of The World. Any Disaster Whether Natural Or Man Made Costs Millions Of Human Lives In India. So It Becomes Very Important That We Study Our Disaster Management System And Policies Very Critically And Make It The Best In The World To Save The Human Beings. But When We Study The Disaster Management System, It Is Found That It Is Not A Priority Task For Us.A Very Detailed And Critical Study Has Been Made In This Paper And Some Policy Measures Have Been Suggested Keeping In View The Emerging New Issues In Disaster Management System Such As Expansion And Privatization Of Nuclear Energy.

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Defence System, Disaster Management, Global Agreements, Global Treaties, Atomic Attack, Atomic Energy, Privatization.

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Capital, Crucial For Economic Development, Is Formed Through Three Steps: Increasing Savings, Channeling Those Savings, And Investing Them Productively. Financial Literacy Is Essential To Encourage Saving And Participation In The Financial System. This Paper Compares Financial Literacy Strategies In India, Particularly Those Of The Reserve Bank Of India (Rbi) And The Securities And Exchange Board Of India (Sebi), With Those Of The U.S. The Study Identifies Drawbacks In Indian Programs, Such As Insufficient Outreach To Rural Populations And A Lack Of Focus On Digital Financial Literacy, Compared To The More Comprehensive U.S. Approach. Finally, The Paper Suggests Policy Improvements, Including Greater Public-Private Partnerships And The Use Of Technology-Driven Educational Tools, To Enhance Financial Literacy In India And Support Its Goal Of Becoming A Developed Nation By 2047.

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Economic Development, Capital Formation, Saving Rates, Developed Nations, RBI, SEBI

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