Volume 13 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The work presented in this evaluates the use of buccal formulation for the enhancement of bioavailability of simvastatin. Buccal delivery of this drug bypasses the liver thereby first pass metabolism is avoided which resulted in the improved bioavailability. The feasibility of delivering simvastatin was investigated by conducting exvivo permeation studies using fresh porcine buccal mucosal membrane. Quality control tests were carried out followed by invitro release studies, moisture absorption studies, invitro residence time and evaluation of mechanical properties. Finally, a suitable formulation was selected and permeation studies of patches were conducted exvivo by using fresh porcine buccal mucosal membrane.

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Key words: Buccal drug delivery, Buccal membrane, Simvastatin, Sustained drug release.

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The goal of the current numerical analysis is to compare the effectiveness of the unique leading edge wing shape tube cross section to both circular and trailing edge wing shape tube cross sections with equivalent diameter and similar hydrodynamic and thermal boundary conditions. The entire research is numerical analysis using computational fluid dynmaics ANSYS Fluent v16. Various inline pitch to tube diameter ratios (p/d) of 1.2 to 1.8 are tested and evaluated for Re from 3500 to 19,000. Additionally, determine the ideal inline tube pitch due to the increased heat transfer rate and decreased pressure drop with increasing inline pitch distance.

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Fluid flow over noncircular tube, simulation of pressure drop and simulation of heat transfer rate, leading edge wing shape tube

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There is rapid growth in the renewable energy sector owing to the global movement towards sustainable energy sources and increasing concern about reducing carbon emissions. Notwithstanding the potential that the field holds, companies within it have numerous challenges such as demand fluctuations, high capital costs, and changes in regulatory frameworks. This study assesses and compares the financial performance of two major renewable energy companies: IREDA and Suzlon Energy Limited. The study would cover an analysis of critical financial parameters for the past five years from FY 2019-20 to FY 2023-24, through the analysis of financial ratios to bring out the liquidity, solvency, profitability, and market value of the companies. The study also employs statistical testing using an independent t-test to find out whether significant differences exist between the financial performances of the two companies on various financial ratios. The findings of this study helps to understand the financial health of renewable energy companies and, hence, form an empirical basis on which their financial viability and growth potential can be evaluated in a competitive and fast-evolving industry. This research pinpoints the strengths and weaknesses of each company and provides an understanding for all investors, stakeholders and policymakers in renewable energy development.

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Renewable Energy, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, IREDA, Suzlon Energy

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The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized gene editing, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency. However, delivering Cas9 protein to specific cells and tissues remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a novel drug delivery system for targeted CRISPR-Cas9 protein delivery. Our approach utilizes a nanoparticle-based platform to encapsulate Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA), ensuring stable and efficient delivery to target cells. The nanoparticles are engineered with targeting ligands to facilitate cell-specific uptake and reduce off-target effects. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the efficacy of our delivery system in achieving targeted gene editing. We observe significant reductions in off-target effects and improved specificity compared to traditional viral vector-based approaches. This CRISPR-Cas9 protein delivery system holds promise for the treatment of genetic diseases, offering a safer and more efficient alternative to existing gene editing therapies. Future studies will focus on optimizing the delivery system for clinical applications and exploring its potential in treating a range of genetic disorders.

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Gene editing, CRISPR-CAS9 protein, Drug delivery

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ABSTRACT This paper attempts to review how family provides an important foundation for an individual's emotional and psychological development and how resilience plays a role to adapt and thrive in the face of adversity. Several literatures have been reviewed to collect pertinent, timely research on the chosen topic, and synthesized it into a cohesive summary of existing knowledge in the field. One of the main objectives of this paper is to examine the role of family support, communication, and cohesion in fostering resilience among individuals facing adversity or challenges. It may be concluded that families play a multifaceted role in the development of positive resilience by acting as role models, and teaching children healthy coping mechanisms. On the other hand, negatively by exposing them to unfavourable familial adverse experiences like parental separation, physical and mental abuse, and alcoholism. Some individuals acquire resilience instinctively when they go through difficulties in life during their growing up years.

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Resilience, Family, Family Dynamics, Human Development, Adversity, support systems

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Sustainability is one of the important goals of the business sector to provide service to society through various activities and it makes a positive impact economically, and environmentally on society. Business models for sustainability provide the solution for the social issues and their challenges in various areas. But the motive of business also has to be achieved by business activities. The involvement of customers in business plays a very important role in knowing the present needs of the customer and providing proper service as per the requirements of the market situation. Customer-centric is the latest discussion in the business world to understand the potential customer's preferences and to implement the strategies in business. The present study aims to study the economic viability and customer-centric for sustainable growth in the banking industry.

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Customer-Centric, Sustainable growth, Sustainable dilemma

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Serverless computing represents a significant shift in cloud computing, offering developers the ability to focus on application logic without worrying about underlying infrastructure. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of serverless computing by examining its benefits, challenges, and diverse use cases. By analysing foundational and contemporary research, it highlights the cost efficiency, scalability, and operational simplicity provided by serverless architectures. The study also addresses key challenges such as resource management, vendor lock-in, and performance variability. Furthermore, it explores practical applications in areas like multimedia services, dynamic web hosting, and edge computing. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of serverless computing while exploring opportunities for future research and innovation.

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Serverless computing, Cloud computing, Application logic, Cost efficiency, Scalability, Operational simplicity, Resource management, Vendor lock-in, Performance variability, Multimedia services, Dynamic web hosting, Edge computing

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Abstract Bhabani Bhattacharya's Shadow from Ladakh (1966) explores the complex impact of urbanization and modernity in post-independence India, set against the backdrop of the 1962 Sino-Indian War. The novel presents a symbolic conflict between Steel Town, representing industrial progress, and Gandhigram, embodying Gandhian self-sufficiency. Through the contrasting perspectives of Satyajit, an advocate of modernization, and Sumitra, a proponent of traditional values, Bhattacharya examines the socio-economic, environmental, and psychological consequences of rapid industrialization. While urbanization brings economic opportunities, it also leads to worker exploitation, environmental degradation, and cultural alienation. The novel critiques the dehumanizing effects of unchecked industrialization while acknowledging its role in national development. Bhattacharya ultimately advocates for a harmonious synthesis of tradition and modernity, emphasizing that industrial progress must be guided by ethical and humanitarian considerations. This paper analyses the impact of urbanization and modernity in Shadow from Ladakh, drawing on the novel's themes, character dialogues, and critical interpretations. Bhattacharya's vision remains relevant today as India continues to grapple with the challenges of sustainable development, environmental preservation, and cultural identity in the face of modernization.

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Keywords: Urbanization, Modernity, Industrialization, Gandhian Philosophy, Tradition vs. Progress, Socio-Economic Change, Environmental Impact, Cultural Identity, Sustainable Development, Psychological Consequences, Ethical Industrialization, Rural vs. Urban Conflict.

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Traditional centralized storage systems face limitations like single points of failure, security breaches, and limited scalability. Decentralized file storage systems using blockchain offer a compelling alternative. This paper presents such a system, focusing on data integrity, privacy, and accessibility without a central authority. Blockchain's distributed ledger secures data transactions, ensuring transparency and immutability. Cryptographic hashing, data encryption, and consensus algorithms enhance security and prevent unauthorized access. Files are sharded and distributed across a node network, with blockchain storing metadata for retrieval. This architecture improves fault tolerance and enables cost-effective scaling by leveraging unused storage. Token-based incentives encourage node participation. Potential applications include secure data sharing, archival storage, and sensitive information management in sectors like healthcare, finance, and IoT. This blockchain-based storage system offers a secure, scalable, and transparent platform, addressing the vulnerabilities of traditional systems.

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Scalability, Decentralized, Blockchain, Hashing, Data files

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The present research paper aims to explore the Nihilistic Delusions of black mothers in the chosen novel of Toni Morison. Nihilistic Delusion, also known as 'delires de negation', is a psycho-pathological entities characterized by a belief that there is no future for the patient. Here, the justification of this title is that it is not only the belief of the unfortunate poor and black mothers but a certainty that the future holds no hope for them or for their children. It is horrible hence better to wipe out their progeny than to allow them to suffer the same excruciating pain and endless agony. Morrison, in her world-acclaimed novels like Beloved and Mercy, which are ironically based on realities, tries to bring back the left-out memories of the past, of the blacks, especially black mothers. The researcher, through this paper, tries to highlight Morison's views regarding her woman characters in her world accolade novels.

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Africa, America, Black mothers, Privileged, Re-memory, Voice.

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the Gothic novels of Anne Rice and Daphne du Maurier work as a conceptual framework for analyzing queer temporalities. It expands upon this take with various queer theories from notable academics. Overall it interrogates how these works dismantle the heteronormative constructs of time and space, love and desire, as well as community and kinship. Themes of eroticism, entrapment, skepticism, spectrality, and the supernatural are used to structure and shape the Gothic grave (death) as a metaphor for repressed identities and such uncanny temporalities. This study brushes upon the genre's potential to critique normative frameworks of gender, sexuality, and historical progression, and ask the question, "Can we go beyond the norms?".

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Queer Temporality, Gothic, Grave, Heteronormativity.

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Object-oriented programming is a programming methodology related to class, object, and inheritance concepts. Encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism. Popular programming languages like Java, C++, C#, and Ruby use object-oriented programming paradigms. Object-oriented metrics assess the quality of a design by measuring its class and attributes. This is closely related to the quality of the software. Databases play crucial roles in projects and applications. During software testing, testers find errors by comparing actual and predicted output. Software testing identifies faults and ensures error-free functionality for clients. Using COCOMO-II and MOOD metrics, I suggest improving coding efficiency and accuracy to improve project evaluation findings. These results are useful for improving software estimation, quality training, and research.

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Object oriented, Mood metrics, CK metrics, COCOMO model, Defects, measurement, coding etc.

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In India, a decade before, it was the annual pattern for exams of graduation/post-graduation level. Later semester pattern was offered to post-graduation and some branches of graduation that are application-oriented. In the last decade, we adopted a semester pattern showing its good results for all streams of education. Continuous assessment was also introduced. However, there are few things in India, which assure that the annual pattern is most suitable. This paper reveals this aspect.

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Semester system, Annual system, education system

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Ama is a Sanskrit word which literally means undigested or uncooked food materials. The concept of Ama is the most important and fundamental principle in understanding the physio-pathology of the diseases. Ama is the substance, which is not digested properly and need further digestion. Many factor play important role in the production of Ama. In Ayurvedic classic Ama which is the product of metabolic defect formed due to improperly metabolized by product of food at Jathragni level (macrolevel), Bhutagni level (microlevel) and due to accumulation of Mala, which considered as Pratham Doshdushti, condition of mental stress like Kama, Krodh, Shoka Bhaya, Chinta ,are the responsible factor for production of Ama in the body. Ama vitiates the Doshas and disturb Dhatu Samyata which lead to production of a disease. So the concept Ama is the most important and fundamental principal in understand the pathophysiology of the diseases. Nearly all diseases as per the Ayurvedic view have their origin from Ama Dosha. Even one of the synonyms of Vyadhi Amaya reiterates this. So the topic is entitle as the concept of Ama in Ayurveda.

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Ama, Kama, Krodh, Shoka Bhaya, Chinta.

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Trickster archetype-the eternal, complex figure of mythology and literature that throws a mirror back at the messiness of human complexity. Trickster represents not only rebellion, transformation, but also the in-between spaces of moral ambiguity. The discussion traces the genealogy of this trickster in different cultures and texts with focus on Neil Gaiman's American Gods and Anansi Boys. From the cunning Anansi in West African folklore to the manipulative Mr. Wednesday and the charismatic Mr. Nancy, the trickster disrupts societal norms, challenges power structures, and allows change in the lives of both individuals and communities. Gaiman reimagines the trickster archetype to reflect modern cultural anxieties, that is, the conflicts between tradition and modernity and the erosion of identity in an increasingly commodified world. Through the narratives, duality is revealed in the trickster as creator and destroyer, deceiver and truth-teller. The journey of Shadow Moon and Fat Charlie highlights the transformative power of chaos. The works also deal with the themes of family, heritage, and the adaptability of the voice of the marginalized, showcasing how the trickster fosters growth through subversion. This study highlights the relevance of the archetype in perpetuity, as its critique, disruption, and inspiration can transcend across cultures and timelines. By merging ancient myths with contemporary narratives, Gaiman places the trickster as an essential force for renewal, resilience, and cultural commentary in an ever-changing world.

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Trickster archetype, mythology, cultural narratives, Neil Gaiman, American Gods, Anansi Boys, identity and legacy, moral duality, folklore adaptation, rebellion against authority, subversion of norms, themes of deception.

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A historical film serves as an audio-visual representation of a particular time, offering a medium through which the past can be interpreted and preserved. While filmmakers and historians engage with history through different methodologies, their pursuits often intersect as both seek to construct meaningful narratives. Historical films play a crucial role in safeguarding cultural heritage by depicting significant events and employing distinct cinematic techniques to enhance their impact. For a historical film to function as a reliable reference for those interested in ancient history, culture, and traditions, it must be grounded in thorough research. However, scholars and theorists argue that the twenty-first century, characterised by digital media saturation, is increasingly detached from historical awareness, heightening the risk of repeating past mistakes. In this context, the study of historical films becomes particularly significant, as they possess the power to shape collective memory and public understanding of historical events. The film Asoka (2001) presents an opportunity to examine the mechanisms involved in selecting and constructing historical narratives within commercial cinema. This analysis focuses on aspects of the film that deviate from recorded history, exploring the underlying motivations and implications of such creative liberties in historical representation. This study contributes to the discourse by examining how Bollywood's representation of Ashoka intersects with literary and historical interpretations of his reign. By critically assessing the film's portrayal, this research highlights the complexities of adapting historical figures for contemporary media and the consequences of historical distortion in shaping collective memory.

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Ashoka, Dhamma, Bollywood, Cinema, History, Popular Culture

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Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder affecting millions globally, with a significant prevalence in India, particularly in urban areas. Despite advancements in conventional therapies, the use of herbal medicines remains a preferred approach due to their affordability, minimal side effects, and therapeutic potential. Traditional medicinal plants have played a crucial role in diabetes management, offering bioactive compounds with proven antidiabetic properties. This review highlights various Indian herbal drugs and medicinal plants commonly used in diabetes treatment. A comprehensive list of plants with demonstrated antidiabetic effects is compiled, including Allium sativum, Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Tinospora cordifolia, C. indica, Helicteres isora, Stevia rebaudiana, Gymnema sylvestre, and Enicostemma littorale Blume. The pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and potential benefits of these herbal formulations in diabetes management are discussed, emphasizing their role as complementary and alternative therapies.

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Medicinal plants, Antidiabetic drugs, Herbal medicine, Diabetes, Phytotherapy

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Electoral reforms play a pivotal role in shaping the democratic landscape of India while ensuring free, fair and transparent elections. Over the years India has witnessed a series of legislative, judicial and institutional interventions aimed at addressing electoral malpractices and strengthening democratic integrity. This study critically examines key electoral reforms focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing transparency, reducing the influence of money and muscle power and improving voter participation. The paper explores the role of the Election Commission of India in implementing reforms such as Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), and stricter enforcement of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC). It also analyzes judicial pronouncements on candidate disclosures, criminalization of politics, and electoral disqualifications. The impact of electoral financing mechanisms, including the introduction and subsequent debates around electoral bonds is assessed in the context of political transparency and accountability. Additionally, the study evaluates technological interventions, voter awareness initiatives and policy measures aimed at increasing electoral participation.

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Electoral reforms, Democratic integrity, Election Commission of India, Political financing, Electoral transparency, Voter participation

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The differentiation between descriptive and analytical research stems from the nature of the inquiry being made. Descriptive research aims to identify, describe, or categorize what exists, while analytical research seeks to understand the reasons behind the observed phenomena or the processes that led to them. Descriptive research involves organizing, describing, comparing, and quantifying data, whereas analytical research delves into causality. For instance, examining the numerical data on the evolving trade imbalances between the United States and other countries from 2015 to 2018 falls under descriptive research. The Analytical approach is a systematic methodology that merges the principles of the Scientific method with the application of Formal procedures to address various issues. These Analytical techniques aid in enhancing the logical reasoning skills of students. The field of Philosophy, originating from Sanskrit, holds significant influence in the realm of Darshan, Analytical Research within the academic domain transitions into Applied Research, while Survey research evolves into Experimental Studies within the research sphere. Within Philosophy, the concept of Bramha in Vendanta plays a crucial role. This area of study involves Analytical Investigations into both Astika and Nastika philosophies. Indian Philosophy delves into research within the realms of Veda, Aranyaka, Tripitaka, and more.

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Sankhya, Buddhism, Jains, western philosophy

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Consumer awareness towards sustainable menstrual products is becoming increasingly critical as environmental sustainability and health-conscious choices gain momentum. This study delves into the level of awareness, perceptions, and purchasing behaviour of consumers concerning sustainable menstrual products. By analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data, the research identifies key drivers, barriers, and trends in the adoption of eco-friendly alternatives, such as reusable pads, menstrual cups, and biodegradable tampons. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of awareness and the role of social, cultural, and economic factors in shaping consumer preferences. The results highlight the essential for targeted education, improved product accessibility, and policy interventions to enhance the adoption of sustainable menstrual products, offering valuable insights for stakeholders in promoting a more sustainable approach to menstrual health.

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Consumer awareness, sustainable, reusable, menstrual products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition