Volume 13 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Morphometric analysis is important in any hydrological investigation and it is inevitable in development and management of drainage basin. This paper shows on the one-dimensional quantification of a tributary Kushkarni river basin. The detail study suggests that the topographic region of this basin is almost mountain and the basin is a 3rdorder river basin. The analysis reveals that the stream order varies from 1 to 3 and the total number of stream segments of all orders counted as 41, out of which the maximum area is covered by 1st order streams and the minimum by 3rd order.

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Linear Parameters, Bifurcation Ratio, Length Ratio, Law of Stream Length, Allometric Growth, Junction Angle

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In present study, Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Pongamia pinnata leaves and characterised by UV-visible spectroscopy,FTIR,and SEM.The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 500 nm and confirmed by Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).The FT-IR spectrum revealed the functional groups of the phytoconstituents present in Pongamia pinnata leaves. Green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed antifungal activityagainst Candia albicans,Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus niger .The results support the advantages of using simple and cost effective bio-green method for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles with anti fungal activities.

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Pongamia pinnata; Iron oxide nanoparticle,UV- Visible Spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM.

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Service quality is a critical factor influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty in the competitive banking sector. This study assesses the service quality of HDFC Bank utilizing the SERVQUAL model, focusing on five dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Targeting the young adult demographic (18-25 years) with savings accounts, the research identifies significant gaps in service quality, particularly in reliability, assurance, and responsiveness, which substantially impact customer satisfaction. Demographic analysis reveals that 73% of respondents are male, 56% earn below INR15,000 monthly, and 48% have been customers for less than a year. Statistical analyses indicate that reliability and assurance are the strongest predictors of satisfaction, with tangibility moderately influencing assurance. Limited engagement frequency, insufficient personalization, and underutilized tangible resources are identified as barriers to fostering customer loyalty. This study presents empirical recommendations for HDFC Bank, including enhancing reliability, improving personalization, and leveraging physical and digital resources to meet customer expectations, cultivate trust, and drive long-term satisfaction and loyalty.

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Service Quality, SERVQUAL Model, HDFC Bank, Customer Satisfaction, Young Adults, Digital Resources

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This study evaluates the performance of six machine learning classifiers on publicly available scRNA-seq datasets. The dataset was preprocessed using normalization, scaling, and feature selection. Gradient Boosting achieved the highest accuracy (82% on the test set before balancing), followed by Random Forest (75%) post-balancing. Hyperparameter tuning further optimized model performance, with the best model achieving 90.77% training accuracy and 82% test accuracy. Cross-validation confirmed model robustness, ensuring generalizability and reduced overfitting. The study emphasizes the importance of feature selection, ensemble learning, and data augmentation techniques in improving classification performance. Future research should explore deep learning models and multi-omics data integration for enhanced breast cancer subclassification.

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Breast Cancer Subclassification, Machine Learning, sc-RNA-seq, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, SMOTE, Hyperparameter Tuning.

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As India continues to experience rapid economic growth and urbanization, the demand for electricity is rising steadily. To meet this demand sustainably, the country has set ambitious goals for expanding its renewable energy capacity, targeting 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity by 2030. This paper aims to forecast the installed electricity generation from renewable energy per capita in India until 2030, focusing on solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energy. Using historical data from 2014 to 2022.Additionally, the research considers key exogenous factors such as population growth, technological advancements, and policy shifts in India's renewable energy landscape. The results indicate a significant increase in per capita renewable energy generation, primarily driven by solar and wind power. However, challenges related to grid integration, energy storage, and regional disparities in energy access may affect the realization of these projections. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and stakeholders in India's renewable energy sector, highlighting the need for continued investments in infrastructure and technology to ensure equitable and sustainable energy access across the country.

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Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Energy Forecasting, Regression Analysis, Energy Transition, Energy Demand Forecasting, Green Energy, Energy Policy, 500 GW Renewable Energy Target, Sustainable Development, Energy Systems Modeling, Energy Supply and Demand, India's Renewable Energy, Energy Planning, Climate Change Mitigation, Carbon Emission Reduction, Clean Energy Future, Energy Infrastructure, Forecasting Models, Statistical Modeling, Linear Regression, Time Series Forecasting,

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Abstract This study explores the intertwined struggles of Kali and Leila, protagonists from Perumal Murugan's One Part Woman and Elif Shafak's 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World, who resist patriarchal oppression in distinct yet interconnected ways. Kali's identity is reduced to his reproductive ability, illustrating the rigid expectations of masculinity within his rural Tamil society. His inability to father a child diminishes his self-worth, exposing the limitations of patriarchal definitions of manhood. Conversely, Leila's defiance of societal norms regarding morality, sexuality, and respectability renders her body a site of strict social control. Her journey reveals the systemic oppression that restricts female autonomy under the guise of cultural propriety. By juxtaposing these narratives, this paper examines how patriarchal structures dehumanize both men and women, enforcing restrictive social roles that suppress individuality and freedom. Through a comparative analysis, the study underscores the urgent need to dismantle these oppressive frameworks, advocating for a reevaluation of gender norms that prioritize autonomy and equality over rigid societal expectations. Murugan and Shafak's narratives challenge the conventional constructs of masculinity and femininity, exposing the far-reaching consequences of patriarchal oppression. This paper argues for a broader, more inclusive discourse on identity and self-worth, moving beyond reproductive and moral roles to a more liberated and equitable social framework.

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Keywords: Patriarchy, Gender Norms, Masculinity, Femininity, Oppression, Autonomy Deconstructing Gendered Oppression: A Comparative Study of Masculinity

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This research investigates the continuation and switching behavior of cosmetic products among working women in Pondicherry, exploring factors such as product quality, brand loyalty, innovative features, and societal influences. The study, conducted through a questionnaire-based survey with an Opportunistic Random Sampling Method and a sample size of 150 participants, fills a significant knowledge gap in the local cosmetic market. Findings indicate a substantial impact of product quality, brand loyalty, and innovative features on consumer decisions. With a p-value of 0.04, the null hypothesis is rejected, affirming that the introduction of innovative features significantly influences the continuation behavior of working women in Pondicherry. The study contributes valuable insights for marketers and researchers, shedding light on the nuanced dynamics shaping consumer choices in the Pondicherry cosmetic market and emphasizing the need for tailored marketing strategies.

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Cosmetic,Advertisements, Purchase,Decisions, Celebrity,Endorsements, Women, switching behaviour

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopment condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Early and accurate diagnosis of ASD is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on behavioral assessments, which can be time-consuming and subjective. In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for automating and improving ASD detection by analyzing diverse data sources such as clinical reports, neuroimaging scans, genetic data, and behavioral patterns. This systematic review explores the latest advancements in ML-based ASD detection, highlighting various algorithms, feature selection methods, and performance metrics used in recent studies. We examine supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning approaches, emphasizing their strengths and limitations in ASD diagnosis. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with dataset availability, model interpretability, and generalization across diverse populations. The review aims to provide insights into the current trends and future directions of ML applications in ASD detection, ultimately contributing to the development of more efficient, accurate, and accessible diagnostic tools.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, Machine Learning, Early Diagnosis, Neurodevelopment Disorder, Deep Learning

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The study aims to evaluate and visualize key scientometric indicators from the four most prolific journals in cancer research. Data retrieved from Scopus on December 6, 2024, were filtered to include publications from these journals. The analysis focused on growth metrics such as annual productivity trends, relative growth rate (RGR), annual growth rate, doubling rate, and growth ratios. Findings indicate an increase in doubling time from 0.82 to 9.90, alongside a decline in RGR from 0.84 to 0.07, reflecting the field's maturation. A comparative analysis revealed that the USA leads global contributions, followed by the UK, Germany, France, and Canada. This study provides quantitative insights into the performance of top cancer research journals and highlights the application of bibliometric tools to explore the intellectual structures within the discipline.

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Cancer research, Scientometrics, Bibliometric Analysis, The Lancet Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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When people hear the word "glaucoma," many of them connect the eye disease with elevated eye pressure (also known as intraocular pressure or IOP). However, the relationship between glaucoma and eye pressure is complicated and has changed over time. The main objective of the project is to wireless pressure sensing eye pressure guard has been developed for monitoring the progress of Glaucoma and eye pressure (Eye pressure grinding during sleep) and for protecting the Eye pressure.

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Eye pressure, Glaucoma, IOP fluctuation and Wireless pressure sensing.

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Vrana and process of healing is the soul of shalya tantra. Dushta Vrana, or an infected wound, is defined as being vitiated by Dosha. As a result, it has unpleasant odor, unusual color with copious discharge, excruciating pain, and a prolonged healing period. Depending on the severity of the infection and its wide range of causes, the wound need to be cleaned and dressed, to close the wound and stabilize the patient and surgery might be necessary. According to Acharya Sushruta, Kshara is having both kshanana and ksharana properties. Using a piece of gauze, the Ksharaplota formulation was chosen and applied to the affected or infected wound. Ksharaplota is prepared by coating it with Snuhi kshira, Apamarga kshara, and Haridra. These medications are having Shodana, Ropana and Lekhana properties. Due to a sustained release of medication, the ability to absorb discharges, and a less painful and easily accepted dosage by the patient. The clinical study has been done on a case of Dermofibrosarcoma was treated with local application of Ksharaplota. The clinical assessment was done based on clinical presentation of Dushta Vrana, (Infected wound) before and after the treatment.

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Dushtavrana, Fibrodermosarcoma, Ksharaplota, Infected Wound, Alkaline Medicated Gauze.

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: Positive and negative emotions both have a significant impact on how people think, act, and feel in general. The impact of negative emotions is examined in this review in a number of areas, such as emotion recognition, self-control, learning, mental health, academic dishonesty, and workplace behavior. This study examines research that was done between 2015 to 2024 using a variety of approaches, including fMRI, EEG, ECG, self-report measurements, and machine learning techniques. As instruments for classifying and analyzing emotional states, the Emotion Wheel and Emotion Analysis Framework are presented, improving the precision and comprehensibility of emotion identification systems.Datasets such as AMIGOS, DREAMER, and DEAP help make these models more applicable and dependable. Important discoveries show that unpleasant emotions can disrupt mental health and quality of life, undermine self-control, and have an impact on learning and academic achievement. However, resilience, social support, and exercise intensity are some of the elements that mitigate the negative emotional impact. The evaluation also emphasizes how servant leadership can lessen negative feelings among staff members and increase their capacity for innovative crisis adaptation. These findings' ramifications are examined in relation to workplace analysis, educational settings, mental health evaluation, and affective computing. Future studies should investigate multimodal strategies to enhance emotion recognition systems' precision and applicability.

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Positive emotions, Negative emotions, Emotion recognition, EEG signals, Affective computing, Machine learning, Emotion Wheel.

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"The world is made to serve those who cultivate the land."- Thirukural 1031. This couplet emphasizes the importance of agriculture and farming in sustaining human life. It highlights that the world's resources and wealth are ultimately dependent on the land and those who cultivate it. The phrase "made to serve" implies that the world's systems and structures are designed to support and nourish those who work the land. In essence, Thirukural 1031 recognizes the vital contribution of farmers and agriculturists to society, and underscores the need to value and respect their work. Ulavar Santhai Ulavar Santhai, also known as Farmers Market, in English is a vibrant and bustling marketplace where local farmers gather to sell their fresh produce directly to consumers. The term Ulavar Santhai is derived from the Tamil words Ulavar meaning farmers, and Santhai, meaning market.

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The benefits of Ulavar Santhai (Farmers Market) and Consumers.

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Sleep is a crucial biological necessity for human life, constituting about one-third of an individual's life and significantly impacting their well-being. Ayurveda views sleep as one of the three fundamental pillars of life, with Ahara and Brahmacharya. Sleep is a fundamental condition of relaxation, vital for revitalizing the Sharira, Manas, and Indriya. Proper sleep provides benefits like happiness, physical improvement, sexual potency, wisdom, and longevity, while sleep deprivation leads to sorrow, emaciation, sexual impotency, cognitive loss, and death. Sleep scheduling is essential, with daytime sleep advised to avoid dosha imbalances. Sleep and food consumption are closely related. The Dinacharya and lifestyle practices play a crucial role in promoting good sleep quality. In conclusion, the Ahara, Dinacharya activities and lifestyle practices (Proper Ahara and Vihara) have a significant impact on sleep quality. Further research is needed to establish causal relationships between diet and lifestyle changes with the sleep.

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Sleep, Ayurveda, Nidra, Ahara, Vihara, Dinacharya

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 Abstract

भारत एक ऐसा देश है जिसकी विशेषता इसकी विशालता और विविधताओं में देखी जा सकती है। यह शोध पत्र इसी भारत में चुनावी प्रचार और राजनीतिक संचार पर सोशल मीड़िया के प्रभाव को प्रकाशित करता है। पिछले एक दशक में फेसबुक, टविट्र, वाहट्सप और इस्टाग्राम जैसे डिजिटल प्लेटफार्म न केवल राजनीतिक संचार के लिए प्रमुख उपकरण के रूप में उभरे है, बल्कि राजनीतिक दलों और उम्मीदवारों को भी नई-नई रणनीतियों को अपनानें पर मजबूर किया है। शोध मुख्यतः 2014 के बाद से वर्तमान तक प्रमुख चुनावों में सोशल मीड़िया द्वारा निभाई गई महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका पर केन्द्रित है। जो इस तथ्य को प्रदेर्शित करता है कि कैसे प्रचार-प्रसार के तरीको में पारम्परिक तरीको से लेकर वर्तमान में आधुनिक डिजिटल केन्द्रित दृष्टिकोण का निर्माण हुआ है। इसके अलावा शोध पत्र में सोशल मीड़िया की दोहरी प्रकृति पर चर्चा की गई है, जहाँ एक ओर इसनें राजनीतिक संचार को लोकतान्त्रिक बनाने और मतदाताओं की अधिक भागीदारी को अधिक सुगम बनाया है। वही दूसरी ओर सोशल मीड़िया के कारण गलत सूचना के प्रसार, राजनीतिक ध्रुवीकरण और डिजिटल विभाजन जैसी चुनौतियां भी सामने आयी है।

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सोशल मीड़िया, चुनावी अभियान, राजनीतिक संचार, डिजिटल प्लेटफार्म, लोकतंत्र, ध्रुवीकरण।

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Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) poses a significant challenge to agriculture-based livelihoods in Kodagu, Karnataka, where frequent wildlife incursions lead to severe socio-economic consequences. This study explores the impact of HWC, focusing on crop destruction, livestock predation, property damage, economic losses, and social repercussions. Key wildlife species responsible for damage include elephants, wild boars, leopards, and monkeys, with coffee, cardamom, and paddy among the most affected crops. Farmers in the region report annual economic losses ranging from INR50,000 to INR1,50,000, while livestock predation further exacerbates financial instability. Additionally, 58% of affected farmers experience psychological stress, and 15% of households have resorted to migration due to persistent wildlife threats. Despite the implementation of mitigation strategies such as electric fencing, trenches, and government compensation schemes, their effectiveness remains limited due to high costs, maintenance challenges, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated conflict management strategies, including sustainable mitigation practices, improved compensation frameworks, and community-led conservation efforts. The findings aim to contribute to policy recommendations that promote coexistence between agriculture and wildlife conservation, ensuring economic stability for farmers while preserving biodiversity in Kodagu.

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Human-wildlife conflict, economic losses, agriculture, Kodagu, Karnataka, mitigation strategies, conservation.

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Conventional methods for monitoring fuel levels often fall short in terms of precision and the ability to offer real-time insights. This shortcoming leads to operational inefficiencies in both industrial operations and transportation services. The project detailed in this document introduces a cost-effective, high-precision fuel flow meter that harnesses the AT89S52 microcontroller. By integrating a repurposed water flow sensor, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a liquid crystal display (LCD), the system is capable of measuring and exhibiting the incoming fuel volume in real time. The sensor produces electrical pulses in direct proportion to the fuel's flow rate, which the microcontroller then processes to compute the volumetric flow accurately. Calibration routines have been implemented to adapt the sensor's performance to the specific physical properties of various fuels. Experimental evaluations indicate an accuracy level of around 98%, making the system suitable for a range of applications, including automotive use, industrial processes, and maritime operations. Moreover, by providing transparent and precise fuel data, this system can help curb fraudulent practices frequently encountered at fuel dispensing stations.

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AT89S52 microcontroller, ADC 0808, 16x2 LCD display, turbine flow sensor

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This study investigates the awareness, possession, and utilization of health insurance policies among citizens of Bhopal, India, with a focus on identifying barriers to policy adoption despite high levels of awareness. A sample of 400 respondents was surveyed, revealing that while 95% of the population is aware of health insurance, only 76.9% possess a policy, and just 33.75% have utilized it. The study highlights several key barriers to the purchase of health insurance, including lack of information (44%), high premium costs (28%), and lack of trust in insurance providers (8%). Furthermore, 66.25% of individuals with health insurance do not utilize it, primarily due to insufficient knowledge on how to claim benefits or dissatisfaction with the claims process. The findings underscore that although awareness is widespread, significant barriers, such as affordability, complexity, and trust issues, hinder full adoption and utilization. The study recommends strategies to enhance health insurance uptake, such as improving communication about policy benefits, reducing premium costs, and building trust through better customer service. These insights aim to inform both policy makers and insurance providers in their efforts to improve health insurance coverage and utilization in urban India.

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Health Insurance, Awareness, Possession, Utilisation, Barriers

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 Abstract

fdlh Hkh ??????? ds fuekZ.k esa Jfedksa dh Hkwfedk egroiw.kZ gSA d`f'k dk;Z] vkS|ksfxd] fuekZ.k dk;Z] lsok {ks= ls ysdj ;q) dk;Z rd esa Jfedksa dh mifLFkfr vifjgk;Z gSA lekt dk vfHkUu vax gksus ds ckn Hkh JfeZd oxZ dks lkekftd ,oa ekuoh; :Ik ls fuEu {ks.kh esa ns[kk tkrk gS tksfd fdlh Hkh rjg ls U;k;ksfpr ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA jkr fnu ifjJe djus ds mijkar Hkh lkekftd] vkfFkZd o jkthfrd igyw ls ;g oxZ vR;Ur fiNM+h {ks.kh esa vkrk gSA Lora=rk laxke esa vaxzstksa o lkekar oxZ ds }kjk mRihfM+r bl oxZ ds mRFkku ds fy, vusd vkanksyu fd;s x;s ftudh ifj.khrh fofHkUu Je dkuwuksa esa lq/kkj ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA blh dze esa lafo/kku fuekZrk ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj us Jfedksa oxZ ds fo"ks'kr% vlaxfBr {ks= ds dkexkjksa rFkk efgykvksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djus ds i{k esa vHkwriwoZ dk;Z fd, ftudh >yd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa Li'V ns[kh tk ldrh gSA cacbZ yftLysfVo dkmafly ds lnL; rFkk ok;ljk; dk;Zdkfj.kh esa Je foHkkx ds lnL; jgrs gq, mUgksaus Jfed oxZ ds mu lHkh leL;kvksa dh rjQ fo"ks'k /;ku fn;k dks] ftuij lkekU; rkSj ij de /;ku fn;k tkrk Fkk D;ksafd ml le; Jfed vkanksyuksa dk lapkyu ftuds gkFk esa Fkk os eq[;r% QSDVjh] dy dkj[kkuksa vkfn esa dke djus okys Hkkjrh;ksa dh leL;k dks egRoiw.kZ ekurs Fks tcfd vEcsMdj us lkekU; vlaxfBr dkexkjksa dk i{k T;knk egRoiw.kZ rFkk rkfdZd :i ls j[kkA dkykarj esa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa Hkh Jfed oxZ dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd o dkuwuh lqj{kk iznku djus ds fy, fo"ks'k mica/kksa dks "kkfey fd;k x;k ftldk Js; eq[; :Ik ls vEcsMdj }kjk fd;s x;s iz;klksa dks gh tkrk gSA mRrj Lora=rkdky esa Hkkjr ljdkj us le; ij Jfedksa ds dY;k.k rFkk mUgsa eq[; /kkjk esa ykus ds fy, fofHkUu yksd dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa rFkk lkafo/kkfud dkuwuksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ;g "kks/k i= ??????? fuekZ.k esa Jfed oxZ ds lkekftd ,oa ekuoh; fodkl ij MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj ds fopkjksa ds v//k;u gsrq fy[kk x;k gSA

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sharmik varg, rastr nirman, vikas, samajik suraksha, mahila sharmik, vanchit varg, dr bimrao ambedkar

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Based on Discourse analysis, this research article analyses the coverage of Rohingya Muslim refugee crisis by English language newspapers from Myanmar, Bangladesh and India. To gain insights into the construction of the portrayal of Rohingya Muslims, news articles of The Myanmar Times, Prothom Alo, and Times of India are considered. The discourse unveiled that the mainstream media newspapers have tried to conform to the popular opinion and obey the ideology and narrative put forth by the governments. The politicisation of the news articles has led to the understanding of the issue being more dogmatic of this dichotomy rather than of the demand of the denied human rights of the Rohingya Muslims.

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discourse analysis, news articles, portrayal of refugees, Rohingya Muslims

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