Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Nanostructured material has drawn huge attention due to their attractive photo detection properties. Compare with other materials ZnO has much importance in the device fabrication purpose due to its direct wide band gap of ~ 3.3ev, large excitation binding energy of ~ 60mv at room temperature and high electron mobility. Many works have been reported that use ZnO for the purpose of UV photodetectors. This thesis presents the simulation studies of ZnO based Ultraviolet (UV) Photo-Transistor with and without plasmonic. By using plasmonics the output current increase by a factor of 100, It also improve the source photo current and sensitivity. The simulations were carried out using ATLAS software. The material used in this project is ZnO with a doping concentration of 10^17/cm^3.The plasmonic layer was of platinum nanoparticles. The photodetector was irradiated with intensity of 550 mW/cm^2 UV radiation of wavelength 350nm. The output currents of ZnO based UV Photo Transistors with and without plasmonic layer were found to be 1.2755�10^-5A and 3.048�10^-7A respectively. And the maximum responsivity of the devices was found to be 0.0654mA/W and 0.18????A/W with and without plasmonic layer; respectively it was also observed that there is an appreciable increase (factor of 100) in source photo current in devices with a plasmonic layer.

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ZnO,UV Photo-detector,Platinum Nano particle ,Plasmon,ATLAS Device Simulator

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Objective: Compare the effect of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) vs. 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) technique on the occurrence and severity of acute treatment-related skin toxicities in post-mastectomy irradiation in breast cancers. Material and methods: It is a prospective study conducted on 100 eligible patients who were divided equally between two groups; the first, are patients received adjuvant radiotherapy using IMRT technique and the second group were those who received 3D-CRT. Results: Severe acute skin toxicity or moist desquamation in IMRT group was 6% vs. 18% in 3DCRT group (p<0.05. The IMRT technique resulted in statistically significant lower incidence of severe acute skin toxicities as well as less sever TRL when compared with 3D-CRT technique. Conclusion: The IMRT technique resulted in less incidence of acute skin toxicities when compared with 3D-CRT technique.

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Mastectomy,Breast cancer, Adjuvant radiotherapy, IMRT,3D-CRT, skin toxicities

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Learning Disabilities (LD) are problems or difficulties related to the processing of information. A child would find it as a herculean task to understand, articulate his/her thoughts in words, have problems in reasoning, and perform mathematical operations.Another disadvantagethese children have is that since they look �normal� to societal standards, their handicap isn�t considered or handled in the right manner. Instead,they are very often mistaken to be a lazy orstupid or disinterested child. This further discourages children to take any sort of interest in their school work. Such children need to be handled with love and care and lot more patience, rather than being labeled or pushed away as a waste of time to be corrected or taught. An understanding of LD is very important. It is vital for teachers to have the right attitude while dealingwith learning disabled children. The present study aimed at assessing and comparing the attitude of primary school teachers towards learning-disabled children of both government and private schools. The investigator developed a questionnaire to study the demographic characteristics of the respondents and the attitude of teachers with regard to LDin children. The total sample comprised of 400 teachers, of which 200 were from 16 government schools and 200 were from 16 private schools in Urban Bangalore city. Statistical analysis of the acquired data was carried out by applying percentages, mean, standard deviation, chi square and �t� test. The findings of the study revealed that a statistically significant association was found between the level of attitude among the government and private school respondents. The chi-square value being 73.37 was found to be significant at 1% level. It is also seen that the private school respondents had a higher mean score percentage related to attitude (M = 63.60%) when compared to government school respondents (M = 53.10%) on LD in children. However, it was found that both the groups had moderate attitude towards LD in children.

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Primary school teachers, attitude, learning disabilities, government and private schools.

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Brain Tumor is an abnormal and uncontrollable growth of brain cells inside the brain. The identification of a brain tumor is a challenge due to the complications in the structure of the brain. We can classify brain tumors in a human brain with the help of these MRI Images collected as Big Data. Classification is the best approach for the identification of images like any kind of medical imaging. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which supports to diagnosis the disease easily. Much higher accuracy can be achieved by gaining a better data set with high - resolution images taken directly from the MRI scanner. Moreover, classification techniques can be used to raise the accuracy even higher and reach a level that will allow this tool to be a significant asset to any medical facility dealing with brain tumors. Classification is used for classifying data into different classes according to some constraints. Several major kinds of Classification Algorithms including Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used for classification. On the comparative study towards the while, paper provides a comprehensive inspection of Changed Classification Algorithms and their topographies.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Classification, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM).

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Then God formed man out of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.Man has made tremendous progress in almost every walk of life. Objects once considered impossible to be achieved have now been achieved by us. What we have achieved and accomplished today could not have been imagined in their dreams by our past generations. Modern scientists and researchers have absolutely changed our life style. Science has been incessantly pouring on us new materials and devices to make our life more happy and comfortable. However, pollution of environment has contaminated our body and mind. We witness despair and disappointment on the faces of our young generation. Signs of restlessness are apparently visible in the dry and dull eyes of our young men and women. Sloping shoulders, flat chests and bulging stomaches have become their characteristics. This research Paper dealt with Pranayam a part of Yoga education as depicted by Maharshi Patanjali as four padas or parts samadhiPada,Sadhanapada,Vibhutipada,Kaivalyapada. How did pranayam effect up on the holistic which related to spiritual realm of a mankind and its development experimented in this research.

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Yoga,Pranayam,Kosa,Holistic Development,School ,Children

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A summarization of the different points of the various chapters of the entire thesis has been incorporated in this chapter. A summary, being the essence of the total work , contains the gist but lacks the details of logic and presentation. In the present summary, the chapter serials precede the point serials, so, the fourth point of the third chapter is denoted as 3.4 and so on. It is desirable to refer to the main body of the thesis whenever the summarized statements do not seem to convey the total meaning.

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Since long time there is lot of progress in anti-HIV-1 therapy, still antiviral chemotherapy suffers from various side effects and drug resistance. The oxadiazole compound has proved to inhibit integration activity to block viral replication at non-toxic concentrations. To understand the properties, a linear quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model is presented for modeling and predicting the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase. The model was produced by using the stepwise multiple linear regression technique on a database that consist of 67 recently discovered 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted naphthyridine derivatives. The developed QSAR model was evaluated for statistical significance and predictive power; Physicochemical Parameters of all compounds have been calculated using chemsketch program of ACD labs. Further topological indices were calculated using dragon software and connectivity indices along with correlation matrix was used to find out the relationship among compound. The compounds are divided into training set of 55 compounds which includes 82% of whole data set and test set of 12 compounds which include 18% of whole data set. Then the models are made by using observed and estimated values and by plotting graph between them. Thus, the key conclusion of this study is its connectivity index order 1, lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and further it has significant affect on the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity by 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted naphthyridine derivatives. The study will be helpful in designing potent antagonists of HIV-1 integrase.We have observed that in our case R2 for models with biparameteric, tetraparametric molecular descriptors are 0.7368 and 0.7560 respectively while as Veerasamy Ravichandran et al reported 0.643 and 0.748. That's why our results are much more superior then the result reported by Veerasamy Ravichandran et al.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1), QSAR, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole substituted naphthyridine derivatives.

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�Oh little one, you are always playing. You are ever happy. You are indifferent to the joys and sorrows of the world. You are my guru.� Said Abadhoota in Srimad Bhagabat, looking at a child playing. (Sahu, 2002) The one who descends on earth as the messenger of the past and ambassador of the future-containing within him/ herself all powers and possibilities is the child. Each child is unique. Each can express his/her unique potentialities if provided with adequate nurture, appropriate environment and the opportunity. Each one can flourish, shine in his / her own line. The world smiles when the child smiles. The child is not only a potential asset of family and nation but also the future of the world. It is the imperative need of citizens of the world to nourish and educate children leading to their total development and self- expression.Sound health can earn all success and happiness in life. A diseased life is disgusting and most painful which hampers all achievement. A diseased body produces a diseased/ depressed mind and weak thoughts. The rapid industrialisation by modern science and technology has created a situation which prevents man for care and attention on his/her personal health. Good health is nature�s gift to man, but man by being occupied with the mechanical life style, has developed a tendency of drifting away from nature. And there is only one way to get out of this vicious circle of mechanical life style is �Pranayam�. It is a science and art of better living. Every child in the world should be taught to Practise Pranayam. It enables their body and mind to function smoothly and efficiently and grow in accordance with the laws of nature. Pranayam has a lot of benefits on human life, Pranayam can provide to the human beings an easy solution for agitation, worries, anger, disappointment, fear and lust & other mental problems. More than that it increases the mental capacity, memory power, sharpness, understanding, foresight investigating power, grasping, wisdom intelligence, and other mental qualities. The child can lead a happy and disease-free life with the knowledge and regular Practice of Pranayam. Regular Practice of Pranayam creates the habit of deep breathing automatically. The most apparent benefits of Pranayam are increased oxygenation of blood and increased blood circulation.Generally speaking Pranayam is a system of rhythmic breathing, which strengthens their lungs, normalizes their blood circulation, thereby curing all diseases and giving them longevity. Much research has been done with regards to the effect of Yoga and Pranayam on the adults and the old on various aspects of their personality. But the effect of Pranayam on the school children on various aspects of their personality leading to their holistic development is yet to be found out, Hence the study.

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�Oh little one, you are always playing. You are ever happy. You are indifferent to the joys and sorrows of the world. You are my guru.� Said Abadhoota in Srimad Bhagabat, looking at a child playing. (Sahu, 2002) The one who descends on earth as the messenger of the past and ambassador of the future-containing within him/ herself all powers and possibilities is the child. Each child is unique. Each can express his/her unique potentialities if provided with adequate nurture, appropri

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Highway maintenance, especially pavement rehabilitation or resurfacing, requires lane closures. This work develops an integrated model to help highway agencies in developing traffic control plans for maintenance activities and efficiently managing traffic around highway work zones. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop methods for optimizing work zone characteristics in order to minimize the combined total costs for highway agencies and users. Work zone models are developed for three cases: (1) a single maintained road with steady traffic inflows, (2) a single maintained road with time-dependent inflows and, (3) a road network with multiple detour paths, as well as plans for maintenance activities and managing traffic around highway work zones.

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Work Zone Optimization, Work Zone Cost Function, Pavement Rehabilitation, Lane Closures, Highway Maintenance.

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One of the famous Indian writers, Namita Gokhale has sieved different emotions and presented this beautiful concoction of feelings of women from the perspective of a woman. The protagonist, an acid attack survivor, who has the lost the love of her life, feels the pain intimidating and as a solace, she finds her childhood home in the hills soothing to the core. Either one has to bear the pain and live through without a sigh, or find a replacement to fill in the void, and transfer oneself into different realm. The novelist, in this book, has given the answer to the question of survival, which is full of illusions distanced thoroughly from reality. This particular paper is an analysis of those painful events, which have rendered nothing but an agonising life to a woman.

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Trauma, Hills, Illusion, Emotions, and life.

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These instructions give you guidelines Many people are living with hidden signs of depression because of either the lack of aware-ness that they have the condition or their intentional effort to hide the condition from others. Sound knowledge and understanding of the key signs of hidden depression both by members of the general public and clinicians are critical for ensuring the timely and reliable diagnosis and treatment of the condition. This paper is a critical discussion of the 10 signs of hidden depression, the dangers of depression and the need for future re-search. From the review of current literature, it is clear that depression is a leading cause of disability, and that diagnosis of hidden depression, in particular, is a complex, challenging process for health practitioners in practice. This is not just due to the hidden nature of the condition, but more in the evident lack of conclusive research on the 'how-to' aspects of the process of diagnosing and treating hidden depression in individuals. Ac-cordingly, the need for future research is recommended, with the view to secure a comprehensive set of guidelines and/or best practices for diag-nosis and treatment of hidden depression.

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Depression, Perfectionist, Responsibility, Over-Compartmentalization, Mental-Health, Intimacy, Self-Defeating, Intense-Focus, Avoidance, Painful-Emotions, Self-Compassion.

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Crop cultivation plays an essential role in the agricultural field. Presently, the loss of food is mainly due to infected crops, which reflexively reduces the production rate. This paper presents a brief outline of the automatic detection and classification of plant leaf diseases. The internet of things also plays a major role. In this, we are using techniques and algorithms to classify diseases & quick diagnosis can be carried out as per disease. The farmers get early alerts from the device about the diseases and can save their crops. This research applies to rural areas wherever the connectivity is limited.

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Agriculture, IoT, Potato Leaf Diseases, Image Processing Technique, K-Means Clustering, Genetic Algorithm, Support-Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour

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Metacognitive processes and thought control strategies processes play a role as etiological and maintaining factor in psychological disorder. This is has been less researched in younger population, despite the occurrence of OCD in children and adolescents. Aim: This study examined the metacognition and thought control strategies in adolescents. The correlation with the severity of OCD with metacognition, and with thought control strategies were studied, respectively. Method: It is a cross-sectional and correlational research study. Purposive sampling was used. Volunteering symptomatic adolescents aged 10 to 16 years of age, matched to age, gender, and education were recruited in the study(n=20) and control group(n=20), respectively. Symptomatic adolescents were asked to stop benzodiazepines for 24 hour prior to testing. MINI KID 7.2.0, C-YBOCS, MCQ-C, and TCQ-CA were administered. Results: The study group scored more on negative belief about worry, SPR, cognitive monitoring, worry, punishment, and re-appraisal. The symptom severity was found to be significantly correlated to negative belief about worry(0.49, p<0.05), SPR (0.45, p<0.05), over all metacognitive beliefs(0.58, p<0.01), and worry (0.48, p<0.05). Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies have significant relationship with symptom severity in OCD, respectively. The smaller sample size do not allow generalizability of the findings.

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Metacognition , thought control strategies, OCD, Adolescents, maladaptive metacognitive strategy, maladaptive thought control strategy

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This paper describes the validation of an instrument for blended learning assessment. This instrument is urgently developed because of the extent of the blended learning application in universities. The validation of the instrument of blended learning assessment is carried out with two methods that are validation through validator and validation through trials to the students. The validator provides an assessment through the process of judgment validity, including a substantive assessment and display to two validators. The assessment result of the validator shows that the model is valid with a slight revision. Meanwhile, the trials for students are conducted by taking into account 20 students with 96% of the valid group questions. It can be concluded that the instrument models used to assist the three learning domains are valid and applicable.

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assessment instrument, blended learning, learning domain

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This study investing the savings and investment pattern of assistant professors of self-financed colleges in theni district. This study discusses about the factors infusing the savings and investment pattern of assistant professors of towards different investment avenues with special reference to theni district. A variety of different investment options on available that are bank deposit, Post office Recurring Deposit, National Savings Certificate, recurring and fixed deposits, insurance policy, government securities, Public Provident Fund and the like. Investor always savings the money with different type of purposes and objective such as wealth, tax savings future expenses, to be secured at old age, to meet contingent expenses. The researcher selected 50 respondents a sample in theni district. The respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling technics for collecting primary data.

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Profits, Money, Income, Savings and Investment, Salary Assistant professors, plan

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patients, Rights

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The Arakan, called as Rakhine now, is an ancient kingdom of Myanmar. Arakan means guarding on race and morality. According to traditional chronicles, historians stated that Arakaness had entered Myanmar from Majjhimadesa of India. They accept themselves as protectors of the race and religion and the strict observers of morality till today. For over a thousand years the region of Arakan has existed as an independent country whose rich history, culture and art is recognized as pure Buddhist country throughout the world. Arakan is the most interesting historical region of Myanmar and possesses rich history, culture and art in Asia. However the region, due to its tough geographical environment, has remained unexplored. The paper aims to examine the history of the region with special emphasis on the rise of Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. The paper claims that �Theravada Buddhism� originated in Arakan region and then spread to the entire world. It also focuses on the status of Buddhism in Arakan during the regime of different rulers.

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Arakan, Rakhine, history, Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism, Mahamini, Maramuni

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Introduction: Adolescent is the period of development between the onset of puberty and adulthood. It usually begins from 10 years and extends up to 19 years (WHO). The high level of female mortality in the age of 15-19 years would suggest maternal mortality among young teenage mothers. To meet the goal of healthy people by 2010 there is need to make adolescent girls aware regarding the healthy lifestyle practices. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of computer based teaching module in terms of gain in knowledge score among adolescent school going girls. Methods: Forty(40)Adolescent school going girls studying in 8thand 9thstandard at M P Birla Foundation of Higher secondary school, Kolkata in 2010 were selected by Non- probability convenience sampling technique. One group pre-test post test design was used to evaluate the effect of computer based module on knowledge level regarding healthy lifestyle practices. Data collection instruments used were Tool I � Demographic proforma , Tool II � Self Structured knowledge questionnaire on healthy lifestyle practices. Results: The obtained pre-test mean score was (18.88) whereas the post-test mean score was (24.28). The calculated �t� value was 10 at 0.05 level of significance, was significant greater than the table value indicating that the computer based teaching module was effective in increasing the knowledge of adolescent school going girls regarding healthy lifestyle practices. Conclusion :The findings of present study concluded that computer based teaching module was effective strategy for improving the knowledge of children�s on healthy lifestyle practices.

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Health lifestyle practices, Adolescent school going girls, Computer based Teaching module, Knowledge

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This piece is an insightful reflection on the positive prospects and perils offered by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. The work will also highlight measures to be applied in addressing the perils that arise from the ICT. The objective of the research is to equip us with knowledge about the ICT so as enable us to utilize the ICT with the relevant caution. The work applies the philosophical research tools of exposition and critical analysis in the discussion of the benevolent and the malevolent dimensions of sector.

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Information and Communication Technology, Charms, Perils, Benevolence, malevolent.

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The internet is performing an outstanding role in our daily life. People can talk through the internet to anyone in the form of email, can search Information and can buy things online, online shopping refers to the people who follow the process of buying products or services through internet. Meanwhile online shopping has been comprehensively accepted as a way of procuring products and services via the internet. Prominent means of procuring products in the internet world. It also provides consumer enormous information and selection options to compare products and price, some shoppers still feel embarrassed to buy online. Lack of trust seems to be the paramount fact that impedes consumers to buy online. Furthermore, consumers may need to test and feel the products and to convene friends and get some more utterance about the products before purchasing. Such factors may have a pessimistic impact on consumer decision to shop online.

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Consumer Behaviour, Women Empowerment, FMCG marketing, E-Commerce

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