Volume 8 | Issue 2

 Abstract

The performance of students in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education varies from school to school over time despite the fact that the Kenya Government accords teachers similar training in colleges and Universities versus similar pay package corresponding with their scales. Kisumu West sub-county continuously lagged behind the neighbouring Kisumu Central and Kisumu East and Kisumu North with an average mean of more than 1.0 over the period 2013 to 2015. In addition in 2015 for instance, the best two schools in Kisumu West Sub County had mean scores of 10.94 and 8.99 respectively while the last two had 2.55 and 3.10 respectively. This disparity raises concerns among the education stakeholders in the Sub- County. Motivation theorists believe that performance is a result of concerted effort which has been induced by some reward. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish school-based monetary incentives for teachers as determinants of students academic performance in public secondary schools in Kisumu West Sub County. Holistic Operation Model as interpreted by (Abagi and Odipo (1997) guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlational research design. The target population consisted of 30 public secondary schools with 354 teachers and 30 Principals. Through Yamane�s formula, 187 teachers, 27 Principals, and 4 CSOs were selected as the study sample. Questionnaire was used to collect data from teachers and principals, while interview schedule was used to collect data from CSOs. Qualitative data obtained from interviews and document analysis was analyzed through thematic analysis and grouped into thematic areas. Quantitative data from questionnaire was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. The study found that monetary incentives is rated by teachers at (M=3.05; SD=1.12) and principals at (M=3.05; SD=1.21). Monetary incentives have a statistically significant influence at .000 and .002 p-value at 0.05 on students� academic performance. The study concludes that monetary incentives motivate teachers to significantly influence students academic performance in public secondary schools. This study may be useful to school managements and administrators in apportioning school resources for teacher motivation.

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SCHOOL-BASED MONETARY INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS AS DETERMINANTS OF STUDENTS� ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KISUMU WEST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

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Attitude of Teachers, Inclusive Education

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Instructional strategies encompass any types of learning techniques a teacher uses to help students learn or gain a better understanding of the course material. They allow teachers to make the learning experience more fun and practical and can also encourage students to take more of an active role in their education. The objective of using instructional strategies beyond subject comprehension is to create students who are independent strategic learners. Selection of the right strategies and use them effectively is an important task. In chemistry teaching there are instructional strategies that can be used effectively at all levels and subject areas, with a wide range of learning styles. These learning strategies motivate students by improving their engagement, capturing their attention and encouraging them to focus on not only remembering course material, but truly understanding it. This paper inquires about the chemistry teachers� relative use of different instructional strategies in High school chemistry teaching. This paper also to find impressions of High School Chemistry teachers in take up new instructional strategies. The present study was conducted on 63 High School Chemistry Teachers of Kerala. A semi structured Interview schedule was used to collect the data, The study reveals that high school chemistry teachers are much aware of the different instructional strategies and time constraint is found as the most important reason behind the reluctance of the teachers to implement new instructional strategies.

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Instructional Strategies, Teaching Awareness, Constraints

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Single Cylinder four stroke Diesel taking bio diesel made by waste cooking oil in different ratio with diesel and the readings of diesel engine are having special importance in diesel engine and automobile engine.

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THERMAL ENGINEERING

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In this day and age of digital transactions, massive transaction records are generated everyday. This poses a big problem in the sense that there is no robust system for extensive analysis of the same. With the introduction of every new technology there comes it�s misuse. There are thousands of fraudulent transactions done everyday and it becomes impossible to identify them among the huge data that is collected. This paper outlines a survey framework for a new Transaction Analysis System. The proposed approach meets custom auditing needs with respect to categorization of narrations and applying basic validations. We intend to further extend this work to utilize anomaly detection techniques which can be applied for transaction authentication.

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transaction analysis, categorization of records, suspicious transaction detection

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Muthuramalinga Thevar�s humanism and humanitarian encouraged him to be a pure bachelor and to serve the cause of the uplift of the downtrodden. Being a political genius he had the capabilities of ruling. He never aspired for any power even from his childhood. He took politics as a means to serve the people at the time of the alien rule with spiritualism and earnestness. He experienced all kinds of losses of wealth and difficulties in his struggle for the welfare of the people of the backward community right from the period of his entry into public life till his end. He was a man of practical nature showed evincing interest in all the distinctive services undertaken by him. He sentimentally stated that he felt much to hoist the flag as a slavish Indian. His faith towards Tirukkural allowed him to concentrate on Kallunnamai (Liquor Shop Agitation). The Congress Leader Satyamoorthy hailed him with the title Congressai Kathan, i.e., the protector of the Congress. In 1938 he assisted Subash Chandra Bose to form the new political party called �The Forward Bloc� party and till his end he was one of the pillars of that party. Muthuramalinga Thevar was beyond caste affinity. In the thirties of the 20th century, when communal harmony was at stake Muthuramalinga Thevar supported the Harijans and in 1934 he took the Harijans and other downtrodden community people into the Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple at Kamudhi. From 10, September 1939 to 5, May 1945 he was in jail for various reasons such as defence measures. His faith towards Saiva Siddhantha Philosophy and adoption of the policy of Samarasa Sanmarga encouraged him to treat others as his brothers without any disparity. Muthuramalinga Thevar pointed out that while the entire world was expecting a third world war India was in a confused stage of political parties and the government was unable to crush black market and to avoid the plundering of the selfish people. The labourers were also mentioned as people affected by starvation. The total condition of India was a deplorable one. He repented much for the shameless enemities and attacks prevailed among Indians for no reason. Muthuramalinga Thevar, the nationalist, spiritualist, economist and socialist stood as a model for people of different walks of life by his own flawless individual qualities. Without caring for his personal health and wealth he dedicated himself for others, who were capable of estimating the rights and wrongs. As an undaunted true politician during the British period and the period after independence he adjudged the distinctive political trends in their true colours throughout his period. His sound knowledge of regional, national and international politics placed him in the highest pedestal which could not be approached by anybody at any time.

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Liquor Shop Agitation, Congress, Jenmath Bose, Nationalism and Spiritualism, Tamil Nadu Forward Bloc

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The spread of English as an international language and the emergence of the Internet as a fast communication channel that has no boundaries, are mutually enforcing trends in an age of globalization. Since its conception, the Internet has, so it seems, revolutionize the ways of human communication as well as English language learning in a global context. Learners of English language today need a new set of critical and interpretive skills. Teachers of ESOL therefore, need to understand how the Internet is revolutionizing English language learning. This study analyses the integration of Information and Communication Technology into current English Language Teaching course books and the use of these multimedia resources in language classrooms. After giving theoretical underpinnings of ICT use in language learning, a study was conducted to unearth which ICT tools are integrated or ignored in the current ELT course books that have been used during the last three years by English Preparatory Schools of five universities in North Cyprus. The study also discusses the reflection of ICT-integration in the course books based on recent literature. This digital revolution has spread throughout the world and into many private homes and businesses. What we call it globalization is a result of this information technology which I consider now the basic of our daily activities. This technology has affected other sides of our life and interacted with our cultures and traditions through moving and merging some habits, customs, cultures or values of different societies into each other to create the concept of globalization. Among the things that have been affected by globalization is ELT. That is, with the rapid pace of globalization, there has been a major change in the field of ELT.

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elt

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Promotion is the process of marketing communication to inform, persuade, remind and influence consumers or users in favour of the product and services. The promotion mix includes four major incredients, viz Advertising, Publicity, Personal selling and Sales promotion. Advertisement is most powerful among these promotion tools. Nothing except the Mint can make money without advertising. Mass production and mass distribution totally depend on all forms of advertising and publicity. We can tell numerous people about a product or service in the quickest time interval at the lowest possible cost. Social media permits individual to interact with one another and build relationships not only in our country but also worldwide. When business concerns join the social channels, consumers are able to interact with them and sharing their ideas directly. Social media like Facebook, Twitter, Orkut, MySpace, Skype etc., are used extensively for communication. One of the most important merits of the use of social media is the online sharing of knowledge and ideas among the different groups of people. In the internet and computer world, it is actually impossible to design a marketing tool without considering social networks. Social media has become really important in today�s marketing mix in general and in promoting the new product and existing on in particular. This article highlights the importance of social media as the most powerful marketing tool in the present scenario.

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Social Media, Social network, Marketing tool, Marketing Strategy

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This paper intends to study the reaction of the society in the adoption of values, yama niyama or yopgic principles and spirituality. Different parts of societies of Delhi and NCR The response were collected from 100 respondents out of them 50 as control group and 50 as a practice group in the shape of questionnaire. A self constructed questionnaire was used as a tool in this study and survey method was used as technique. In modern technological period man faced various complex situations like degradation of values inequality. Study on the subject suggests that values of the man has been degraded. The person gets trapped in the cycle of negative behavior and feels unable to come out fit. values are very much diminishing rapidly these days. People feel no hesitation in taking the shorter way to success and degrading their character. This study will be beneficial for the analytical study of the factors responsible for changing behavior and lifestyle through spirituality for the overall development of an individual i.e. at mental, physical and social levels. The study gives us an insight of the spiritual wisdom, which is the missing dimension in our present life. It helps us to understand our innate self in a better way, so that we can identify our inner powers and capabilities, which are at our disposal to determine the implications of the changes that are going on around.

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Society reaction values yama niyama spirituality adoption.

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The quality of higher education is a multi-dimensional concept. In era of globalization and higher competition, the concept of teaching has been changing. Teaching and learning process has been dominated by Information Communication Technology (ICT). It lies in effectiveness of transmitting knowledge and skill the authenticity, content, coverage and depth of information, availability of reading/ teaching materials. It helps in removing obstacles in learning process, application of domains, convergence of content and variety. It had made the world in fastest transformation in to global connected community. Initial e-learning systems were based on Computer learning and training. The aim of this system was to replicate autocratic teaching styles into e-learning system for transferring knowledge through Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSLI). The education system has realize the demand of the learners and accordingly prepare them self. At the same time it is regret to say that most of the trainer themselves teaches without teaching weapon. Most of them follow the conventional teaching techniques. They are uncomfortable to use technology in teaching learning process. Does the trainer accept this fact? How? , Why? And When? It is the big challenges for the institution and trainer. The researcher tries to understand the e- learning concept, system and view of trainer and trainee regarding e- leaning system.

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Information Communication Technology, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Audio, Video, Tablets, Blogging, E-Mails, Webcams, Whiteboards

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Rural development is not a new concept in India whereas eighty percent of the population resides in rural areas and seventy percent workforce depends upon agriculture and its related activities, obviously agriculture plays a very important role in rural development. For rural development has given top priority in our national planning, hence eradication of rural poverty is the key of national economy. Rural development is not a charity program but it is the conditioning of program, for this tourism is one of them, its plays very important role in the development of rural area. Because tourism is not new thing it has already recorded in the history; the only difference is that present day its growth and importance are increased day by day. It is a low cost business and it provides employment to the people of any region, it helps to increase the income level of local people whose livelihood was depends on agriculture. Actually rural areas are a center of attraction for tourism planners and businesses because in rural areas climate is free from pollution fresh air is everywhere which is good for health hence development is taking place in rural areas through tourism. All types of tourism can developed in rural areas just like rural tourism, agro tourism, health tourism, medical tourism etc. Most of the urban people having attraction of rural areas they are giving priority to go rural areas which is free from hectic life, they are going just for recreation, for entertainment, to enjoy rural life, it helps to develop rural area, lifestyle of rural people, standard of living, culture etc. Hence, in the present research paper has tried to explain the rural development through tourism.

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Agriculture, Condition, Development, Entertainment, Eradication,

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Micro Finance is a form of financial development that has primarily focused on providing financial services to the poor. From thumb impression to signature and back to verifying everything with your thumb- the journey of an average Indian has come a full circle. Today, we can purchase groceries, get investment advice, buy investment products, buy insurance and even avail credit online. Nearly every aspect of one daily activities can be conducted digitally enabled by technological innovation which has pervaded every nook and corner of our lives. Access to credit is one of the biggest impediments to India�s economic growth. There is a huge gap to fill on the credit side- whether it is financial inclusion or microfinance, the opportunity is large. Technology in digital finance will play an integral role in leveraging this opportunity. Credit forms the backbone of an economy and acts as a Launchpad for the multiplier effect of money. Access to credit is one of the biggest impediments to India�s economic growth. Traditionally, the banking system has been able to cater to only a fraction of the credit demand in the country. India is over banked at the top end of the market and underbanked at the bottom of the pyramid. Disparities between the social and physical infrastructure of the urban and rural areas are common to all countries. In India, they are a continuing source of concern and will become further aggravated unless innovative strategies are evolved to accelerate the development of rural infrastructure. A great transition is occurring in the rural sector with respect to digital services especially in the fields of financial services and information and communication technology. Besides several major initiatives for the urban masses, Digital India Program has closely touched the lives of rural people. The government is taking several measures to ensure that its 1 service reach out to the last mile. And one of the major initiatives planned under Digital India includes connecting the rural areas with high speed internet network. To make India a digitally empowered nation, the government has decided to connect even the far flung areas through the internet. Thus the story of India�s rural digitalisation can�t be complete without mentoring the penetration of digital payments in the rural sectors using a variety of platforms including Unified Payment Interface, Paytm and Google Pay. A noteworthy point with regard to the Indian digital payment is that it is being dominated by micro transactions, thus highlighting its adoption by people of all classes.

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Micro Finance is a form of financial development that has primarily focused on providing financial services to the poor. From thumb impression to signature and back to verifying everything with your thumb- the journey of an average Indian has come a full circle. Today, we can purchase groceries, get investment advice, buy investment products, buy insurance and even avail credit online. Nearly every aspect of one daily activities can be conducted digitally enabled by technological innovation

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GST ( Goods and Service Tax) was implemented in India on 1st July, 2017. GST is a complex and indirect tax structure, which was implemented in four different slabs throughout the economy. The slabs are 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. It has influenced the working structure by unifying the tax, as presently the tax is levied at the final stage of consumption and if any tax is levied at any stage of production it can be redeemed. The taxation reform has impacted different sectors of the economy including the MSMEs. Thus the study analyses the ongoing impact of GST on the MSMEs in Jharkhand. . Jharkhand has large industrial base and stands 12th in the contribution of the MSMEs in GDP. To broadly study the impact the study focuses on two different aspects that has been influenced broadly that is profitability and the operational performance. The study focuses analysing the impact of GST on the MSMEs in Jharkhand using descriptive statistics.

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GST, MSMEs, Profitability, Operational Performance.

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The indigenous knowledge belongs to a particular ethnic group. Indigenous knowledge develops in a specific socio-cultural environment with an unique innovative practice of local community. Kapdaganda an embroidery shawl represents the rich cultural heritage of Dongria Kandha community is an excellent indigenous handicraft. The knowledge regarding the traditional handicraft is only confined to women among Dongria Kandha. The objective of this paper is to study the gender role in production, promotion and preservation of the skill of traditional handicraft. It also focuses the cognitive aspects behind the style, design and colors used in Kapdaganda and highlight the socio-cultural significance of shawl in their life. This study has undertaken by using anthropological tools and techniques like observation, In-depth interview, focus Group Discussion (FGD) and scheduled.

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Culture; Handicraft; Indigenous; Promotion; Women

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the awareness regarding hypertension & application of rule of halve in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh by using cross sectional observational study with the following objectives (1)to assess the awareness about hypertension & its complication among adult tribal population (2) to find the health seeking behavior of hypertension of study subjects (3) to analyze the current status of Rule of Halve of hypertension among study subjects among 25-60 years tribal, residing since 1year, data collected from November2018 to February2018 among 330 study subjects by systematic random sampling through interview method. The variables include status of awareness, knowledge and diagnosis status were used. It was found majority was hypertensive, of them 6% were known hypertensive, of them 5% was on regular treatment & 15% were control. Only 8.8% were aware about hypertension, of them 58.7% were aware by government doctors. Among aware 55.2% were having knowledge of hypertension & related complication. Study indicates, rule of halves in the place with weaker health system & equally weaker health awareness & knowledge among population.

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Awareness, Knowledge, Health seeking behavior, Rule of halves

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Society, Patriarchy, Power Politics

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Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. If the cracks in the heels are deep, they can be painful, hurting when a person stands up, and they may sometimes bleed. Some wild plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases. Herbal crack cream contains the extracts of the plant consists of five ingredients viz., extract of Daruharida (Berberis aristata DC.), Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) Engl.), Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata W. & A.), kampilak (Mallotus philippensis Muell.-Arg.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.) were used to prepare Herbal crack cream. The main objective of the research work was to prepare and evaluate Herbal crack cream and compare with marketed Herbal crack cream. The results showed that Herbal crack cream passed all Parameters related to cream and TLC of formulated cream and extract and marketed cream showed that the tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were found to be present in mentioned medicinal plants. Formulated herbal crack cream is as good as marketed herbal crack cream.

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Ethno medicine, herbs, medicinal plants, skin disease

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of medium velocity resistance training on speed among urban youth girls. To achieve this purpose, thirty (n=30) youth urban girls were selected as subjects at random. The age of the youth girls were ranged between 15 and 19 years. The selected subjects were further divided into two equal groups of medium velocity resistance training group and the control group of fifteen (n=15) each in strength. The training group was treated with systematic medium resistance training for twelve weeks with three sessions in a week. The speed was taken as a criterion variable for this study and 50 Meter; dash test was used as a test item. The data were collected before and immediately after the training programme. The collected data were analyzed statistically by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 in all aspects. The results of the study show that the medium velocity resistance training group had a significant improvement (p ? 0.05) in speed as compared with the control group of selected urban youth girls.

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speed, systematic training, urban youth girls.

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Abstract Social change is the inevitable process and prominent feature of the every society, human civilization has many phases of transformation and changed a lot over the years. Emergence of industrialization and modernization has brought significant changes in social institutions and society. Societal transformation started in early era of industrial revolution which triggered huge population migration and institutional changes. Human settlement has changed in many ways, from primitive to rural, rural to urban and urban to industrial society. Industrial revolution was followed by political revolutions which brought several change in thought process of mankind. This was beginning of social change and social transformation on various platforms. Nature of social transformation can be different from society to society. Moreover the speed and impact of change is also diverse from society to society. With many other reasons most of the transformation is occurred due to development process at large in society. Transformation could be any sector like economy, education, political systems social intuitions, languages, culture, ethics and values. Some time social transformation can cause unexpected changes which can be turn in to social problems too. This phenomenon of transformation is significant discourse studied by social science in general and sociology in particular. Sociological perspectives have been focused on various changes in reference with change in caste, class, status, role, social mobility, development, social problems, etc.

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Key words: Social Transformation, Social Change, Development, Modernization, Sociological analysis.

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Reproductive rights, health issues, Hysterectomy, Human rights Farm laborers

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