Volume 13 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Investing is a vital component of wealth-building, allowing individuals to harness the power of compounding and navigate the delicate balance between risk and return. While many people understand the importance of saving, the potential growth through investments significantly outpaces mere savings, provided that informed decisions are made. In this context, understanding the nuances of risk tolerance, financial literacy, and the strategies used in investment decisions becomes crucial. However, there remains a persistent question about the role of gender in the investment process, particularly with the continued presence of gender disparities in many sectors, including finance. This research explores the gender dynamics of investment decision-making, seeking to uncover whether men and women approach investing differently, particularly in terms of risk tolerance, financial literacy, and overall investment strategies. While historically, men have dominated financial decision-making spaces, women are now more actively involved in financial markets, becoming financially independent and increasingly knowledgeable. Despite this, studies show that women tend to adopt more conservative investment strategies compared to men. This paper delves into these differences and investigates the implications of such trends, aiming to understand how societal expectations, financial literacy, and gender-related factors shape investment decisions. The findings will contribute to a broader understanding of how gender influences the financial landscape and inform strategies for more inclusive and equitable financial education and advisory practices.

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 Keywords

Savings, Investment, Investment decisions, Mutual Funds, Gender Dynamics

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The struggles of individuals within society have long been a central theme in literature. As civilization has evolved, this theme has taken on new dimensions, especially with women around the world advocating for equal rights and opportunities alongside men. In India, women are often shaped by tradition and societal expectations, embracing their roles as the guardians of family honor. The family context plays a crucial role in defining women's identities and their social roles, such as daughter, wife, and mother. Anita Nair, a prominent Indian woman writer, focuses on the modern Indian woman's quest to redefine relationships. She delves into the complexities of the female psyche, particularly the experiences of depressed women, revealing the psychological, emotional, and social inequalities they face in a male-dominated society. In this context, Anita Nair's novel literature explores women's struggles within a patriarchal society. The narrative addresses issues such as gender discrimination, exploitation, oppression, and the abuse of women's bodies. This paper seeks to examine how socio-economic conditions influence individual psychology, particularly for women in a rigidly patriarchal society.

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Human psyche, Psychological insights, Equal rights, Tradition

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This study assesses the role of co-operative Societies in general and a specific study on Tamil Nadu. The Large Sized Adivasi Multi-Purpose Co-operative Societies (LAMPS) are organized at the rural community level to meet the credit and other necessities food of the tribal people. Tribal beneficiaries are the members LAMP Societies and they have benefited almost all the incorporated services provided by the LAMPS.The analysis the 2013 to 2022 past ten years in the financial statement is a process of evaluation of the various components of the financial statement for a better understanding of the performance of masinagudi LAMPS. In this structure, the researcher makes an attempt to know the financial soundness by applying tools like average, growth rate, growth index, etc.

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Cooperatives, Financial Performance, LAMPS

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SAP Multi-Bank Management (MBM) provides a centralized platform for financial institutions and corporations to efficiently manage multiple banking relationships, enhance cash visibility, and optimize payment processes. Traditional banking operations often face challenges such as fragmented financial data, delayed transactions, security risks, and compliance complexities, leading to inefficiencies and higher operational costs. SAP MBM helps organizations to automate payment workflows, integrate with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and ensure real-time monitoring of financial transactions, improving overall efficiency and security.

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SAP Bank Management, SAP Multi-Bank Management, Streamlining Global Banking Operations

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The proposed AI-powered ATS assists in recruitment efficiency by automating the process of evaluating and scoring resumes. With Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning, the system analyses applications, awarding scores that reflect how closely each resume matches job descriptions as well as skill relevance and experience. The ATS provides a percentage-based score indicating how closely the candidate matches the job and ranks them for easy hiring using models like Google Gemini Flash 2.0. We use PHP and MySQL for the backend to ensure safe storage of resumes as well as speedy access. A configurable scoring method that enables recruiters to modify attribute weightages according to positional requirements can help shortlist the right candidates for each job. By reducing the tedious effort and facilitating better hiring, this AI-based method streamlines the recruitment process and allows for decisions based on data rather than instinct.

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AI-powered Application Tracking System (ATS), Resume scoring, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Candidate ranking, Recruitment automation.

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Previously, one use to think inflammation as external phenomena but currently with the advent of Non Communicable Diseases and metabolic diseases, inflammation has become an internal process. The internality of inflammation leads to deciphering of the process and inflammatory pathways. The current article discusses supplements and the modern medicine approaches to deal with inflammation and brings out the lacunae in the processes to deal with inflammation. It is here that homoeopathy chips in as a clinical and cost effective approach. The article aspires that the homoeopathic therapeutic system is integrated to deal with inflammation and the related diseases through the Universal Health Coverage domain.

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Inflammatory Pathway, Homoeopathy, Miasm, Infection

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Background of the study: The human experience has long been influenced by spirituality and morality, which has shaped people's beliefs, values, and behaviours across nations and civilizations. Involving a transcendent or higher power, spirituality comprises a wide range of ideas, practises, and experiences. It frequently aims to provide people a sense of connection, meaning, and purpose. On the other side, morality is concerned with standards of right and wrong behaviour, ethical principles, and the cultivation of qualities that govern human conduct. Objective: This paper aims to explore the complex relationship between spirituality and morality, highlighting their interconnectedness and examining the ways in which spirituality influences moral development and ethical decision-making. Method: using A systematic search of PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases for the period of 2019 to 2022. Result: The studies revealed that spiritual individuals often exhibit higher levels of moral values such as empathy, integrity, and altruism. Conclusion: We can learn more about how spirituality influences moral development, fosters moral development, and contributes to a more compassionate and just society by examining this connection. Understanding how spirituality affects morality can have effects on one's own growth, mental health, societal well-being, and efforts to create a more moral and peaceful society.

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Spirituality, Morality, ethical value, and ethical decision making

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This study analyzes the trend and growth patterns of Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) by examining its financial performance from 2019-2020 to 2023-2024. Key financial indicators such as profitability, liquidity, and sales growth are analyzed to understand the company's operational efficiencies and strategic advancements in the IT sector. Data was sourced from TCS's annual reports and related literature. Findings reveal fluctuating profitability ratios, declining liquidity ratios, and consistent sales growth. Challenges such as rising costs and competitive pressures have impacted profit margins. Recommendations include cost optimization, enhanced liquidity management, and investments in automation and digital transformation to maintain a competitive edge. The study concludes that while TCS showcases robust sales growth, improving operational efficiency is essential for sustained long-term success.

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Trend, Growth, IT Industry, Cost Optimization, Financial Stability.

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The Caracal (Caracal caracal), a medium-sized felid, is a cryptic and elusive species with a patchy distribution throughout India. regardless of its recognized presence in elements of Rajasthan, scientific documentation of its incidence in Ramgarh Tiger Reserve, Bundi district, has remained absent. This observes ambitions to assess the occupancy of Caracal within the reserve using camera trapping, indirect proof, and local ecological knowledge.

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Caracal, Felidae, Occupancy, Camera Trapping, Ramgarh Visdhari Tiger Reserve

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Haute Couture is a high quality of expensive garment Started from 16th to 18th century, royal class of people wore this garment common people not allowed to wear. Royalty women's wear this garment to look more beautiful by reducing waist and exaggerated bustle & Sleeve. To make this time taking process, Capable Craftsmanship and Group of artisans work on this garment with very fine quality of fabric & work done. To make shape for garment used corset for upper body farthingale for lower body.

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Fabric, Patterns, Designs Drafting, Modification.

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Present study is based on the some angiosperm climbing plants in the flora of Damoh district reflects the diversity of 65 species and 22 families. The highest number of species recorded in the family Fabaceae (16). Out of recorded species few of them are considered as potential weeds, viz. Lantana camara and Mimosa pudica. One rare climber Bauhinia vahlii have been recorded from this area. Out of 65 species, 30 species are Twiners, 21species are Tendril climbers, 04 species are Scramblers, 04 species are Lianas, 04 species are Hook climbers, 01 species is Ramblers and 01 species is Root climbers. There are 57 species in Magnoliopsida and 08 species in Liliopsida. From biodiversity point of view the vegetation survey is very much important for the research of database from this region which ultimately can be utilized for medicinal experts, plants explorers, researches etc. for their further studies. Flowering and Fruiting is one of the important phenomena in the life of plants because it is responsible for change in the pattern of plants growth and development along with the effects of the environmental factors over it. That period is called "study of Phenology." Climbers and creepers are diverse in their growth habits, climbing mechanisms, and species. The main objectives of the present study are formulation of database of diversity of some angiospermic climbers along with records of their flowering and fruiting periods.

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Angiospermic, Diversity, Pollination, Flowering, Fruiting, Climbers,

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This paper presents an innovative approach to speed control of an induction motor using zero-cross detection and TRIAC logic, integrated with an IoT-based monitoring system. The objective is to optimize motor efficiency, minimize power consumption, and enable remote monitoring. A prototype system was developed using ESP32, voltage and current sensors, and an IoT dashboard (Blynk) for real-time data visualization and control. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in regulating motor speed and enhancing energy efficiency. The findings contribute to the advancement of smart industrial automation.

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Induction Motor, IoT-Based Monitoring, Vector Control Algorithm, Zero Cross Detection, TRIAC Logic, Predictive Maintenance, Industrial Automation.

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 Abstract

Savinay Avagya Aandolan Mahaatma Gaandhee Ke Netrtv Mein 1930 Mein Praarambh Hua, Jisaka Mukhy Uddeshy British Saamraajy Ke Khilaaph Ahinsak Pratirodh Ke Roop Mein Bhaarateeyon Ko Ekajut Karana Tha. Gaandheejee Ne Is Aandolan Ke Maadhyam Se Bhaarateey Samaaj Ko Na Keval British Shaasan Ke Khilaaph Sangharsh Karane Ke Lie Prerit Kiya, Balki Ahinsa, Satyaagrah Aur Shaanti Ke Siddhaanton Ko Bhee Sthaapit Kiya. Savinay Avagya Aandolan Ne Bhaarateey Raashtreey Kaangres Ko Ek Sthir Aur Sangathit Raajaneetik Taakat Ke Roop Mein Sthaapit Kiya Aur Bhaarateey Janamaanas Mein British Shaasan Ke Khilaaph Gaharee Asantosh Aur Virodh Kee Bhaavana Paida Kee. Aandolan Kee Shuruaat Daandee Yaatra Se Huee, Jo Ki Namak Kaanoon Ke Ullanghan Ke Roop Mein Tha, Aur Isake Baad Bhaarat Bhar Mein Vyaapak Sangharsh Chhid Gaya. Savinay Avagya Aandolan Ne Keval Bhaarateey Raajaneeti Ko Hee Nahin, Balki Bhaarateey Samaaj Ko Bhee Prabhaavit Kiya. Isane Bhaarateeyon Ko Jaati, Dharm Aur Saamaajik Bhedabhaav Se Oopar Uthakar Ek Saajha Raashtreey Pahachaan Aur Svatantrata Kee Or Kadam Badhaane Ke Lie Prerit Kiya.

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Aandolan, Aitihaasik, Saamaajik, Raajaneetik, Shaantipoorn, Raashtreey, Janata.

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"Divorce" is described as a legal dissolution of the marital union between a man and a woman. In "The Indian Divorce Act", the separation is granted by the Court of Law after receiving a petition from either husband or wife. "Juridical Separation" means the legal separation between husband and wife, granted by the court on a petition from either husband or wife or both. Divorce is followed by different steps, viz. granting alimony or maintenance, child custody and child visitation, distribution of property and distribution of debts. When the couples agree to divorce, the court will consider a divorce with mutual consent as per the Indian Divorce Act. With regard to property, the couples must decide who gets which part of the property (both movable and immovable property). However, there is no minimum or maximum limit of money support in alimony or maintenance issues. Child custody in mutual consent divorce can also be shared or exclusively of jointly depending upon the understanding of spouses. In view of this, the present article highlights the Indian Legal Divorce Procedure with special reference to the Hindu religion according to "The Indian Divorce Act".

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Divorce, Legal (Law), Indian Divorce Act, Court of Law, Marriage.

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Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a modern cybersecurity framework that eliminates implicit trust within networks, enforcing strict verification for every access request. This study explores ZTA's architecture security principles, and implementation strategies, emphasizing its role in mitigating cyber threats such as insider attacks and ransomware. We analyze key components, including Identity and Access Management (IAM), micro-segmentation, and real time threat detection, to highlight their impact on security and operational efficiency. Additionally, we discuss challenges such as integration with legacy systems and user experience concerns, alongside best practices for effective implementation. Comparative studies evaluate ZTA against traditional security models, showcasing its advantages in securing cloud environments and remote workforces. Ultimately, this study underscores ZTA's critical role in enhancing cybersecurity resilience and protecting modern digital infrastructures.

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Zero Trust, Cybersecurity, Network Security, Threat Detection.

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 Abstract

The proliferation of autonomous security solutions based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is a response to the growing complexity of cyber security threats. These automated systems are designed to detect, prevent, and mitigate cyber risks without the need for human actions. However, this automation has to be thoroughly validated using robust security testing approaches. Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) is particularly useful for these autonomous systems because it allows for the efficient identification, analysis, and mitigation of security vulnerabilities. With AI-based automation, VAPT improves threat detection, refines penetration testing processes, and allows for perpetual security oversight. This paper investigates how VAPT can be improved with the assistance of AI technologies, the tools and techniques employed, and the various hurdles faced when securing autonomous security systems. In addition, it examines how AI-enabled security testing frameworks work with modern security architectures like Zero Trust and SOAR to bolster an organization's defense against cyber threats. Finally, this paper discusses future possibilities such as evolution of AI and blockchain incorporation, and self-directed threat hunting technologies that are expected to revolutionize the next generation of autonomous security testing methodologies.

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 Keywords

VAPT, Security, AI-Ml, Automation.

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In India, banks are essential to the country's economic growth. They mobilise public savings and provide a range of services. The banking industry saw new banking techniques after the economic changes in 1991. The Saraf Committee, which was established by the Reserve Bank of India in 1994 and proposed the deployment of the Electronic Fund Transfer System (EFT). Digital banking refers to financial transactions made online. Customers may conduct financial transactions more easily thanks to digital banking services. It offers financial services round-the-clock. The government wants to digitise every transaction with the establishment of financial inclusion in the year 2005. The goal of the government is to digitise every transaction. Only when clients are aware of the service and its mode of operation can they use digital banking services. Therefore, it is important to understand how much people are aware of online banking services and the issues they encounter. A total of 235 respondents from urban and rural areas were chosen for the study using a simple random sample procedure. The study is restricted to the State Bank of India in karnataka. According to the report, ATM cards are the digital banking service that clients are most familiar with, and complicated transaction processes are the main issue they encounter. There is a suggestion that SBI should increase public knowledge about all the digital banking services.

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State Bank of India, Awareness, Problems, Digital Banking

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India's rich cultural diversity is also seen in educational institutions. Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) is important to develop an inclusive learning culture that considers students' cultural identities. The present research explores the awareness of CRP among teachers at higher education level in terms of their knowledge, cultural diversity attitudes, and teaching practices. A mixed-methods design was used for study. The results indicate that although most of teachers acknowledge the influence of cultural backgrounds on student learning, only few agree that cultural diversity should be explicitly incorporated into teaching. Additionally, 85% of teachers find it difficult to recognize culturally responsive teaching strategies, and almost all the teachers specify the necessity for professional development workshops on managing culturally diverse classrooms. Large class sizes, insufficient pre-service training, and time were cited as barriers to the implementation of CRP.

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Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Higher Education, Teacher Awareness, Cultural Diversity.

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The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio is a widely used valuation metric in equity markets, often guiding investment decisions. Conventional wisdom suggests that high P/E stocks are overvalued and prone to underperformance, whereas low P/E stocks are perceived as safer investment options. However, this study challenges this notion by analysing the relationship between P/E ratios and stock performance within the Nifty 50 index over a five-year period. The research examines sector-wise variations and explores whether high P/E stocks consistently underperform. The findings reveal that while some high P/E stocks fail to meet market expectations, others justify their valuations through sustained earnings growth and market leadership. Similarly, low P/E stocks do not always guarantee superior returns due to structural and macroeconomic challenges. The study highlights the importance of sector-specific analysis in investment strategies, emphasizing that valuation metrics alone should not dictate investment decisions. Instead, investors should incorporate macroeconomic factors, industry trends, and growth potential while assessing stock performance. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of stock valuation and provides insights for investors seeking to optimize portfolio returns.

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Price-to-Earnings Ratio, Nifty 50, Stock Performance, Investment Strategies, Valuation Metrics

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The uploaded document contains a project on developing a hybrid Vision Transformer (ViT)-CNN model for face mask detection. Here's a 200word abstract based on the details provided: This project introduces a novel hybrid Vision Transformer (ViT)-CNN model for efficient face mask detection, leveraging the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and pre-trained Vision Transformer backbones. The approach involves local feature extraction using CNN layers combined with the global feature representation provided by the EfficientNetB0 model. The dataset, structured into masked and non-masked categories, is preprocessed with data augmentation techniques to enhance generalization. The hybrid model integrates CNN-based hierarchical feature maps with transformer-derived global features using concatenation. The architecture includes fully connected layers for binary classification and is trained with an Adam optimizer and binary cross-entropy loss function. Key metrics such as training and validation accuracy are monitored across epochs. The system demonstrates robust performance with a test accuracy of over 90%, validating its applicability in real-world scenarios. Further, the model supports individual image predictions, offering a userfriendly interface for detecting mask compliance. This project emphasizes the synergy between CNN and transformer models in addressing critical healthcare challenges. Future work could explore multi-class classification or real-time deployment for public safety monitoring.

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Face Mask Detection, Hybrid ViT -CNN Model, Vision Transformers (ViT),Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs),EfficientNetB0, Binary Classification

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