Volume 8 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This present research paper focuses on the biblical doctrines and Christian dogmas which the world renowned playwright William Shakespeare employed in his eminent play Hamlet, around which its story revolves, progressing its plot and developing its characters. Shakespeare�s prowess in comprehending the human nature characterized by the conflict between the cravings of the flesh and the morality of the spiritual self is evident in the tale of Prince Hamlet. Being an avid savant of the Bible, Shakespeare found within its parchments, man�s same dilemma of choosing between virtue and vice, and most importantly between good and evil, which will ultimately lead to either salvation or damnation. Shakespeare also used biblical elements as linguistic devices to effectively convey profound meanings to his audience who were already accustomed to biblical ideas and symbols, as the Church and the Bible were of the paramount importance in their day to day lives. Hamlet, like other plays of Shakespeare, is rich in biblical allusions, symbolisms and references which allowed the audience to recognize and understand connections between words, ideas and characters. Therefore, one can infer that Shakespeare�s Hamlet cannot be understood or studied completely without acknowledging the Bible as one of its central foundations

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The Holy Bible, virtue, vice, salvation and damnation

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??????? ????? :- ??????, ????????, ????, ??????, ????, ?????? ??????

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J.M. Keynese was the most influential economist of the first half of the 20th century. Keynese had said that in times of huge economic stress the government should become the spender of the last resort. The idea being that when the private sector was not spending money the government should stop in. This spending puts money into the hands of the people which they were likely to spend benefitting business and overall economy. Keynese therefore advocated for increased government expenditure and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the global economy out of the Great Depression. Keynesian economics was issued to refer to the concept that optimal economic performance could be achieved and economic slumps prevented by influencing aggregate demand through activist stabilisation and economic interventionist policy by the government. Keynesian Economics was considered as demand side theory that focuses on changes in the economy over short run.

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REVIVING THE INDIAN ECONOMY THROUGH KEYNESIAN LENS

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Educational expenditure has been rising in India, especially in the last three decades at both government as well as household levels. The government expenditure as percentage of total budgetary expenditure at both the central and state governments have increased over time, albeit slowly. In case of household expenditure (private expenditure) on education has remarkable been increased as seen from National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data of consumer expenditure on education. In the study, data has been taken from different round of NSSO such as 52nd Round (1995-96), 64th Round (2007-08), 71th Round (2014) and 75th Round (2017-18) and time period of study is 1995-96 to 2017-18. The analysis found that average annual household per student educational expenditure has increased from Rs. 1149 to Rs. 6024 in primary education and Rs. 1529 to 6866 in upper primary education from 1995-96 to 2017-18. The parent�s expenditure on tuition and examination fee is a largest share on education in urban sector as comparison rural sector. The expenditure on books, stationary and uniform expenses is more in rural sector as comparison to urban sector.

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Household expenditure, per student expenditure, primary and upper primary education, etc.

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Abstract The learner centered teaching LCT is a very important teaching and learning strategies in the field of education. LCT has been widely used in the literature around world. LCT is said to be one of the multiple labels of constructivist teaching philosophy. The focus of the instruction is to facilitate students to develop critical perspectives about the socio-economic, cultural, and political aspects. Developing critical thoughts amongst students, teachers need to cultivate a fluid relationship with their students such that students democratically and critically use their prior knowledge and experiences to build new conceptions of the topics. This method emphasizes on construction of knowledge rather than transformation of knowledge. Therefore, a number of pedagogical practices are closely associated with this teaching learning strategies. The major aim of this article to anlyze the relational instructional practices of LCT. On the basis of, various research articles, dissertations, research reports, and books on LCT, this article have been prepared. Research activities of this study include scanning the literature, grey literature, analyzing secondary data, and creating a reference list so that all documents are organized and easily accessible. The results of the present study indicates that LCT could be conceptualised as an instructional approach that focuses on helping students to construct understanding of concepts and principles using their prior knowledge and experiences from their day to day life. Teaching strategies are tailored to students� lives and teachers encourage students to analyse, interpret, and predict information. Effective dialoguing and students� active participation in the classroom processes becomes the defining feature of LCT practices. Thus, effective implementation of LCT will be determined by the teachers� understanding of the approach and their pedagogical motivation to engage students in the instructional practice. Learning objectives will then be realised by active collaboration between the teacher and learners whereas learners are promoted to make sense of the topic using their prior knowledge and varied instructional experiences.

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Instructional practices; teaching methods; teacher centred methods; learner centred methods; pedagogy; learner centred teaching

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Ceylon tea supply chain is one of the oldest supply chains in Sri Lanka. The tea supply chain provides a significant contribution to balancing tea demand and supply. However, Sri Lanka�s share of world tea production and the share of world exports gradually decreasing. The twin goals of cost reduction and service enhancement can be achieved through effective management of logistics activities and logistics efficiency. Therefore, the study carries out to calculate the logistics cost in the tea supply chain based on five small scale tea factories in Yatinuwara. The logistics cost in the tea supply chain was analyzed by transport cost, warehouse cost, and package cost. The study found that transport cost has occupied half of the total logistics cost in the tea supply chain in Sri Lanka. Warehouse cost was the lowest cost component of the total logistics cost. The portion of the labour cost is very high for all the logistics activities in the tea supply chain. The contribution of the logistics cost to the overall tea production cost remains at one-digit percent among the small-scale tea factories in Sri Lanka.

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Logistics cost, Tea suppl chain, Ceylon tea, Supply chain management, Logistics management, Sri Lanka

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ABSTRACT Background: Medical practitioners� life satisfaction is a considerable matter as it will help them to cope up with stress and a positive adaptation with their busy schedule. Aim: This study examined the medical practitioners� satisfaction of life as a whole. Method: A descriptive cross�sectional survey research design was pursued for data collection. A convenience sampling method was adopted to collect data from 329 private medical practitioners using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that SWLS is a single factor model presents a good fit to the data (?2 (5) = 23.60, p < .01, RMSEA=0.107, CFI=0.971, TLI = 0.971 & GFI=0.973). The results revealed that 63.6% of participants were satisfied with their life as whole. In addition, 25% of the participants were slightly satisfied with their overall life. Whereas, least number of participants (2.1%) were dissatisfied and 6.9% of participants were slightly dissatisfied with their life as whole. Furthermore, less number of participants was undecided about their overall life satisfaction. There were significant differences in medical practitioners� life satisfaction across experience. Conclusion: The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that all the items of Diener et al., (1985) scales were contributing to measure conscious evaluation of medical practitioners� satisfaction of a life as a whole. Medical Practitioners satisfaction with life as a whole is a key factor connected with their happiness which ultimately contributes to pleasing treatment with others life. For that reason, medical practitioners� life satisfaction needs to be cherished in healthcare setting.

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KEYWORDS: Medical practitioner, Life satisfaction, Cross sectional study, Confirmatory factor analysis

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The effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) leave extract with Zn2+ on the of mild steel was investigated by gravimetric method at the temperature range of 308 K to 348 K in 60 ppm Cl- containing aqueous medium. The slopes and R2 values, for the temperature ranges from 308 � 348 K, are very close to unity indicates the adherence to Langmuir adsorption isotherms Langmuir adsorption isotherm related to the monolayer formation on metal surface and is also characteristic of physical adsorption (or) electrostatic adsorption.

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Water hyacinth, mild steel, Adsorption isotherm, corrosion inhibition

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The Sundarbans is located in the south of West Bengal. The main features of the ecosystem here are the saline soils in the coastal river valleys and delta areas. Where there are different types of forests, it is called mangrove forest. After the partition of India in 1947, an area of about 6017 square kilometers was included in India. This mangrove forest is rich in a species of plant called Sundari which is named after the Sundarbans. The largest mangrove forest in the world is West Bengal and the Sundarbans in the south of Bangladesh. Its range is between 21 degrees 30 minutes north to 22 degrees 30 minutes north latitude and 88 degrees 40 minutes east to 90 degrees east longitude. Its area is about 9630 square kilometers. Due to its ecological importance, it has been included in the World Heritage List. This region is very important in terms of biodiversity. There are different species of Flora, Fauna, mammals, avifauna, aquafuna, marine mammals etc. Notable species include Royal Bengal Tiger, Gangetic Dolphins, Sundari Tree, Olive Ridley Turtle, Kingfisher etc. There are about 40 species of mammals, 150 species of fish, 270 species of birds, 35 species of reptiles. However, the current Sundarbans region has some environmental problems that, if left unresolved, could lead to the destruction of the world's largest mangrove forest in the future.

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Largest delta, Mangrove, Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundari Tree, Environment Issues

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Multivariate data consisting of four features namely, Sepal Length, Sepal Width, Petal Length and Petal Width of three species namely Iris_Setosa, Iris_Versicolor and Iris_Verginica of iris flower is taken under study .In taxonomy classification of flowers is important but mostly the approach is subjective leading to misclassification. Being objective in nature data analysts can provide better solution with quantifiable misclassification. The data set of Iris flowers fetching the attraction of many data science learners .In this paper probability distributions of four features of all the three species of Iris flower are fitted. It is observed that all the four features have different statistical distributions.

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Iris flower, Probability Distributions, skewness.

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Background: Adverse drug reactions reporting in India are inadequate due to lack of awareness in patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). The main objective of this study to identify and characterize adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) of a newly established tertiary care teaching hospital in south Rajasthan. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in 910 patients who experienced ADRs in ICU from October 2018- March 2019. ADRs were classified based on Naranjo�s probability scale, Modified Hartwig�s criteria of severity and Schumock�Thornton preventability scale. Further, ADRs were analyzed in terms of age group, gender, organ system and number of drugs involved. Results: Out of 910 study patients, 127 patients (13.95%) developed 152 ADRs. Antimicrobials drugs were suspected to have caused the majority (37.5%) of the ADRs. The most affected organ systems were the gastrointestinal system (42%) and dermatological system (25%). Number of patients with ADRs was significantly more in patients (48.9%) prescribed ?10 drugs. On the causality scale, 58% ADRs were probably related to suspected medications. About 88% ADRs were probably preventable and 57% ADRs were moderately severe. Conclusion: Majority of ADRs are possible in ICU setup. Based on the findings a rigorous study is recommended to determine the burden and identify the risk factors of adverse drug reactions to target interventions. Importance of such studies and need for creating awareness among health professionals about looking for and reporting such reactions.

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Adverse drug reactions, Intensive care unit, Antibiotics, Prospective study

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The present study narrates the history of the political, social, and economic history of Tamil Nadu from the Sangam age to the Paligar rule. Archaeological evidence shows that the ancient Tamil dynasties trade contacts with South Asian and European countries. The popular handicrafts of the Sangam period like weaving, metal works and carpentry, shipbuilding and, making ornaments using beads, stones, and ivory were commodities of internal and external trade. The port city of Puhar became an emporium of foreign trade, as big ships entered this port with precious goods. Other ports of commercial activity include Tondi, Musiri, Korkai, Arikkamedu, and Marakkanam. More than 2500 years ago Tamil kingdoms had carried out extensive trade with the West. External trade had been revived during the period of Pallavas. The foreign merchants were known as Nanadesi. Mamallapuram, Vasavasamudram, and Mylapore were the important seaports of the Pallavas. Rapid changes in the political situation of the rest of India occurred due to incursions of Muslim armies from the northwest and the decline of the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. The greatest of the Maratha rulers was Serfoji II (1798� 1832). Serfoji devoted his life to the pursuit of culture and Thanjavur became renowned as a seat of learning. The administration of the southern districts of Tamil Nadu was fragmented with hundreds of Poligars or Palayakkarars governing a few villages each. Trade and industrial activities of south Indians welcomed by western countries before the Industrial revolution.

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Tamil Kingdoms, trade, industry, contact with Rome and Greek, rapid changes , Vijayanagar, Marathas, Poligars

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Collected three species of Homonoia from Andhra Pradesh which consists of three in the world; taxonomic, ecological and conservation status have been provided for all species. And Homonoia intermedia new distribution to Andhra Pradesh.

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Homonoia, three species, intermedia, new reocrd, Andhra Pradesh, India, World.

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The methods and techniques with respect to medical image analysis have improved over the years from time taking manual analysis to the point where image analysis can be done with minimal amount of human interaction. Deep learning has emerged to be a promising technique apart from the other machine learning algorithms because of its precision, efficiency and accuracy. It is being implemented into the different imaging tasks namely, classification, segmentation and registration. This review paper will be concentrating on the classification techniques used primarily in medical imaging.

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Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Medical Imaging, Image Classification.

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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm FANI was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Odisha since the 1999 Odisha super cyclone. The highest wind speed was 250 km/h. It took place on 3rd and 4th May 2019. The cyclone �FANI� has affected the water supply and distribution in the affected areas of Odisha. It has affected severely three districts Cuttack, Khordha and Puri. Water is considered as most important life supporting natural resource. Two important parameters of water are quantity and quality. Quantity and quality of water both affect human health in different ways. Water quality is the condition of water relative to the requirement of one or more biotic species and human need or purpose .The water should be tested once each year for Total Coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH values. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the current water quality standard of the river MAHANADI in terms of physicochemical parameters after the cyclone FANI. The different parameters measured in the present study are pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD and Total Coliform.

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Mahanadi, pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD, Total Coliform

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The contagious disease which brought several challenges to entire human community in 2019 has created a history in the 21st Century. World Health Organization announced a name for the new coronavirus disease as COVID-19 on 11 February 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan, China in 2019 reached to the 175 countries by March 2020 and is still accelerating in different parts across the world. This pandemic has become a serious concern for the governments and for the people of different countries that has affected economy, society, environment, and human behavioral pattern. Amidst the National Lockdown during the pandemic, India is facing and dealing with several challenges. The number of patients of COVID-19 are increasing day-by-day and Medical experts are still struggling to get coronavirus vaccine. Lifestyles of people have changed a lot in a very short span of time. The paper deals with the challenges and impact of COVID-19. The paper also focuses on lifestyle of human community due to the pandemic in special context of India.

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Contagious Disease, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Human Community, Pandemic

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City spaces are usually perceived in connection with cityscapes and thereby it revolves around dynamic spaces which people share together. The predominance of public spaces in the city often homogenise diverse experiences in those shared spaces through subjectivation and simultaneity. But the anonymity that a city provides ensures privacy even in the most public spaces. The experiences in a city are therefore collective and simultaneous yet exclusively personal. The tinai definition of Akam and Puram, which explores private and public spheres, is manifested differently in city. The negotiations of individuals in both these realms are varied. The paper intends to explore the city of Calicut in terms of its Akam and Puram. The monotony of mushrooming residential structures is juxtaposed with the heterogeneity of public and private spaces. The research pre-empts to map the city by converging the multitude of negotiations that simultaneously take place in the public and private spaces. The idea of public spaces in the city itself will be revisited in connection with the concept of privacy that one could claim in a city due to anonymity. A city is monumental in history and time. The historicity of Calicut is explored in the paper through analysing cultural negotiations. The paper would broadly map the city through the lens of gender, religious communities and caste as the perception of Calicut demands adequate exploration of these areas. It intends to explore the city of Calicut across the colonial and postcolonial epochs. Hence the Akam and Puram of the city would be analysed in connection with modernity and globalisation too. The research intends to take photographs, testimonials and specific city spaces into account for further exploration.

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Akam and Puram, Simultaneity, Modernity, Caste and Community

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According to primary data, almost twice the variations exist between marginal and small farmers of total average income. The present paper want to analyse the factors responsible for these variations in Bareilly, where the vegetable crops cultivation in this state. More specifically, in this paper we want to examine the various inputs expenditure like expenditure on seeds, irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides, labour and transport influencing the variations among marginal farmers, small farmers and total average income of these farmers in Bareilly. To achieve the objectives of this paper primary data has collected through multiple random sampling in this district. The results indicate that marginal farmers income highly influenced by one factor significantly, whereas small farmers income influenced by three factors and total average income influenced by two factors significantly.

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Vegetable Net Income, Marginal Farmers, Small Farmers, Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh

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As the utilization of vehicles is expanding radically, the risks because of vehicles is additionally expanded. The fundamental driver for mishaps is rapid, flushed and drive, redirecting minds, over pressure and because of electronic devices. This paper manages mishap discovery framework that happens because of thoughtlessness of the individual who is driving the vehicle. This presents mishap cautioning framework which alarms the individual who is driving the vehicle. On the off chance that the individual isn't in a situation to control the vehicle, at that point the mishap happens. When the mishap happens to the vehicle this framework will send data to enlisted mobile number

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Arduino, GSM Module, Vibration sensor, Accident detection

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Since ancient times Indians have been moving to the hostland for various reasons. Generally, this kind of concept is known as `diaspora` Though they settle there, live a better life, but they never totally disconnect from their roots and motherland. We can see these things in the writings of Indian diasporic writers. Attia Hosain was one of the remarkable Indo-British writers. Sunlight on a Broken Column was the first and only novel written by Attia Hosain. In the novel, she beautifully describes the lifestyle of the Indian Muslim taluqadar family; Indian customs, cultures, traditions, and lifestyles of different communities-upper class and lower class live happily together before the partition. It is a semi-autobiographical novel. In the novel, Attia expressed her memories through her words and fictional characters.

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Indianness, Attia Hosain, Indian, Muslim, Talluqadar, Diaspora, Indo-British, novel, Sunlight on a Broken Column.

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