Volume 8 | Issue 12

 Abstract

In the traditional medicine therapy system most of the desease has been treated by administraton of phytomedicine such as plant or plant derived product .most of them Neem (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)is very useful traditional phytomedicinal plant in india. Each part of neem plant consisting some medicinal property.it is now considered as valuable source of unique natural products for the development of medicines against various deseases and also for the development of industtial medicinal product .During last five decades ,the chemistry of the neem compound ,considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activityand medicinal application of Neem.This review gives a superficial view mainly on the pharmacological and biological activities of Neem and some of their isolated compounds.

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:- Introduction,Taxonomical classification,Botonical description,pharmacological implimentation

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Instagram, one of the most popular social media platforms is used by around 1 billion people worldwide, this shows the extent of its reach and popularity. People are connected by following each other, sharing creative content, communicating, and indulging in relevant dialogues. Content plays a major role to attract like-minded people in order to engage on the content. However, all is not genuine in the digital world. Fake profiles, fake followers, unethical likes, fake comments etc. spam the content, creating a dull digital environment where the emphasis is based on quantity and not quality.

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Influencers, Social Media, Fake followers, Influencer Marketing

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This study has been undertaken to analyze the socio-economic impact of (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) MUDRA scheme launched in the year 2015. For the purpose of the study the secondary data available on the official website of the PMMY (Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana) from the year 2015-2019 have been considered. We analyze the data for the loans issued to female borrowers along with the people from backward communities which includes scheduled tribe, scheduled castes and Other backward castes. For economic impact we analyzed the jobs created by the loan taken under MUDRA Scheme. We have also observed the size of the loans taken (Shishu, Tarun and Kishor). In this study we also find out the amount of bad loans under MUDRA scheme.

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MUDRA, PMMY, Loans, Mudra loans, Social impact of Mudra loans, economic impact of mudra loans.

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Great advances had been happening in many parts of India for women in relation to health, education, employment, quality of work life, quality of family life, work life balance and so many over the past decades. However, in some cases activities against women are increasing. Women exempted from decision making in all areas at all levels, the discriminatory laws governing marriage, land, property and inheritance issues are widely prevalent in India. In addition, women empowerment and gender equality has seen many transformations in the past decade, such as addressing HIV/AIDS, trafficking in women and girls, making the new information and communication technologies (ICT) reachable for women to empower them. However, there is still room for improvement in various areas in India. This study measures the working women professional�s empowerment in urban Ernakulam district. Kerala is empowered in critical areas like education, economic opportunity, health and wellbeing, decision making, sexual harassment and abuse and autonomy. The research methodology adopts a descriptive and explanatory empirical design by collecting data from around hundred working professionals in academics and industries in both public and private sector.

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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT,URBAN.

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A study was carried out during 2004- 2019 to analysis of seasonal retail prices of selected food commodities in Colombo district to predict future prices of them by using seasonal index of their prices and Confidence Level (95.0%) of month-to-month price difference. Price increase or decrease than previous month mentioned by considering Confidence Level (95.0%). Samba rice retail price movement was marginally similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in March and increase in September, October, November and December. Kekulu rice retail price movement was marginally similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in March and increase in November and December. Beans retail price movement was moderately similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in March and July and increase in May, October and November. Cabbage retail price movement was moderately similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in February and August and increase in May and June. Brinjal retail price movement was somewhat similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in July and increase in May, October and November. Pumpkins retail price movement was somewhat similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price increase in June and November. Red Onion retail price movement was very similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in February, July and August and increase in May, October, November and December. Big Onion retail price movement was moderately similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in January and February and increase in June, August and November. Potatoes retail price movement was very similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in February, August and September and increase in April, May, June and November. Dried Chillies retail price movement was marginally similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price increase in June, July, September and October. Kelawalla retail price movement was moderately similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in February and October and increase in April, May and June. Hurulla retail price movement was very similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in August, September and October and increase in January, April, May, June and December. Eggs retail price movement was marginally similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in Ma and increase retail price in December. Coconut retail price movement was moderately similar to its seasonal forecast trend and retail price decrease in June and July and increase in October, November and December.

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Food commodity, Colombo district, Seasonal index, retail prices, price difference, Confidence Level (95.0%).

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The cancer therapies used today mainly involve damage to normal tissues. However, with the advancement in nanotechnology new methods of delivering drugs targeted at the cancer cells has become possible. Nanomaterials are also being used to develop new therapeutics which could enhance cancer treatment. This report focuses on review of some techniques used to deliver drug at targeted sites using nano carriers, the barriers and challenges involved, and the results obtained by this approach.

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Nanotechnology, Cancer, Nanoparticles. Nanopolymers, targeted drug delivery

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Many of the adolescents have disinterest in Math. It may be because of fear of Math, disinterest in subject or the way in which the particular subject is being taught. Many of the parents are very rigid about math based courses. They want that their wards should pursue Math based courses with - out thinking about their anxiety regarding math and also their ability to think logically. Math solutions require lot of Logical Thinking. Hence it is very important to find out whether Mathematical Anxiety really hampers their Logical Thinking. That is why the researcher felt the need to take up this study. The main objectives are to find out the level of Mathematical Anxiety and the level of Logical Thinking among adolescents and to compare them on the basis of sex and area. To identify whether adolescents with high and low Mathematical Anxiety differ on Logical Thinking and to study relationship between Mathematical Anxiety and Logical Thinking among adolescents from Schools of only four districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra namely Nagpur, Wardha, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli. Only 600 students from class X have been studied. The main findings of the study are boys and girls do not differ significantly regarding Mathematical Anxiety but urban and rural Adolescents differ significantly regarding Mathematical Anxiety. There is no significant difference regarding Logical thinking on sex basis. Even urban and rural adolescents do not differ significantly regarding Logical Thinking. Adolescents with high and low Mathematical Anxiety significantly differ on Logical Thinking except for rural adolescents who do not differ significantly. There is significant inverse relationship between Mathematical Anxiety and Logical Thinking of adolescents but boys do not have significant relationship.

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Mathematical Anxiety and Logical Thinking.

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Forecasting play very important role in construction of Airport, the study gave insight view of planning airport and design for further expansion. The study mainly focuses on the applicability of Traditional Time Series Analysis (Decomposition Technique). To facilitate the presentation, an empirical example is developed to forecast Air traffic volume of Delhi International Airport. In this study four air traffic indicator including total passenger traffic, total freight traffic and total air traffic movement were used for forecasting by three different decomposition technique.

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Passenger Traffic Volume, Forecasting, Decomposition, Time series

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Abstract The present paper is an initiative to understand the various dynamics related to home loan marketing and to undertake empirical study related to home loan. In this regard secondary data is considered. The various variables identified are financial basics are behind drop in home cost, interest rate plays an important role, paper work, decrease in profitability, awareness among the prospective customers, poor are not getting the budgetary help, rearrangement of housing policy of government, service quality, speed of providing services and implementations of schemes should match the economic profile of the borrower

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Key words: Home loan, Banking, Customer, Retail Banking

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A healthy inter-personal relation is the need of the hour today. Our life is surrounded with people, process, technology and systems and within this context, how we manage ourselves and how we can manage others to fulfill our goals is a major challenge a person faces. Managing ourselves is easy as compared to managing others. In managing others we carry the element of risk and uncertainty. As we want to influence others about our opinions, others are also careful that their ego is not hurt while they are being influenced. The paper examines how interactions between two persons might lead to dysfunctional relations and what role a person has to play during the interaction process for a healthy and effective interpersonal relationship. This paper is based on real time interaction during the regular class. This is an experience of one of the authors and then the experience has been conceptualized collectively by all the authors. Hence the paper is presented in the same as it was experienced.

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Interpersonal Relations, T.A, Ego States

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The economic value generated by the business operations, is to be strategically distributed to all the stakeholders. Again, these values simultaneously contribute to the sustainability and competitiveness of business organizations. This has been identified as �shared value� (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Since, the concept has been initiated recently, little progress of scholarly studies can be found on the developing nation. Therefore, in the present study an empirical attempt has been made on the findings of the relationship between the farms� competitiveness and the value distributed. The sample consists of some selected Asian companies. Data are collected from the published reports during the period 2010 to 2012. Descriptive statistical tools and regression model has been used in this study. The result shows that the companies with higher level of social performance and value distribution for the stakeholders have better financial performance than the companies with lower social performance and lower level of value distribution for the stakeholders. It also shows that the value distribution is associated with both the market value social performance. It also indicates that the better socially performing firms with higher level of value distribution for the stakeholders have comparatively high market value than the lower value distributing firms with lower social performance.

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CSR, Sustainability, Shared Value, Stakeholders, Corporate Social Performance

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Video games have become one of the favorite activities of children in America. Growing bodies of research links violent video game play to aggressive cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. This study tested the predictions that exposure to violent video game content is (1) positively correlated with hostile attribution bias, (2) positively correlated with arguments with teachers and physical fights, and negatively correlated with school performance, and (3) positively correlated with hostility. 607 8th and 9th-grade students from four schools participated. Each prediction was supported. Youth who expose themselves to greater amounts of video game violence see the world as a more hostile place, are more hostile themselves, get into arguments with teachers more frequently, are more likely to be involved in physical fights, and perform more poorly in school. Video game violence exposure is a significant predictor of physical fights even when respondent sex, hostility level, and weekly amount of game play are statistically controlled. It is suggested that video game violence is a risk factor for aggressive behavior. The results also suggest that parental involvement in video game play may act as a protective factor for youth. Results are interpreted within and support the framework of the General Aggression Model.

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Violent Video Game Habits, Adolescent, Aggressive Attitudes

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The National Achievement Survey (2017) reported gradual deterioration in performance in mathematics with increasing order of grades across the nation. It is also evident that most of the students loosen their interest in mathematics up to secondary level (NCF, 2005). Curriculum and pedagogy contribute a lot to develop positive or negative attitude towards the subject. Generally, teachers adopt such teaching approaches, strategies and methods in mathematics classroom which focus on procedural knowledge rather than conceptual clarity. Many students struggle with subject and become disaffected as they continually face the obstacle in engagement due to pedagogical practices. NEP (2020) proposed revamping in curriculum and pedagogy and recommend the paradigm shift from content based to experience based learning. This article highlighted paradigm shift in pedagogy to engage the learner and make learning joyful.

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Pedagogical practices, Mathematics, NEP (2020)

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Forest Department is one of the administrative divisions of Government of Telangana state, it is headed by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, and the primary function of the department is protection conservation and management of forests in the Telangana. The Forest Department is organized into 55 territorial 15 functional circles and total 70 divisions, in addition, one senior officer of the rank of Deputy Conservator of Forests functions as planning and Extension Officer in each district. Forests are one of the most biologically rich and evolving terrestrial systems harboring vast majority of the world�s floral and faunal species. The forest biodiversity provides livelihoods for people worldwide and plays important environmental, economic, social and cultural roles in the lives of many local communities and serves as a key reservoir of biodiversity. Forest biodiversity includes, multitude of plants, animals and microorganisms and it provides habitat for large number of wild animals. The direct benefits of forests include the provisioning of fuel wood, timber, bamboo, food, Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), etc. The indirect benefits include conservation of soil, free flow of pure drinking water, mitigation of climate change & natural disasters (droughts and floods) and providing manure, soil carbon, etc . In view of the multiple roles they play, now and in the future, the forests need to be conserved and nurtured. In India, forest is the second largest land use sector after agriculture.

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Administration, Animals, Functions, management, powers, timber

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Arguably, one of the best short storytellers of the twentieth century, and one of the most controversial as well, Saadat Hasan Manto, brilliantly chronicles the collective madness that prevailed, during and after the Partition of India in 1947. As a renowned Urdu short story writer, Manto has poignantly disrobed the human behavior in connection with intimidating issues like sex, violence, body politics, etc. in stark detail. Stories such as �Khol Do� (1948), �Toba Tek Singh� (1955), and �The Dog of Tithwal� (1987) map the shaking saga of the wrath of Partition towards the common people. This paper aims at locating the trauma and atrocity in the psyche of the victims and offers deep insights into the tragic and unsavory realities of life that are engendered and endangered by Partition.

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Partition, Atrocity, Trauma, Body Politics, Violence, Sex

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This present research paper focuses on the biblical doctrines and Christian dogmas which the world renowned playwright William Shakespeare employed in his eminent play Hamlet, around which its story revolves, progressing its plot and developing its characters. Shakespeare�s prowess in comprehending the human nature characterized by the conflict between the cravings of the flesh and the morality of the spiritual self is evident in the tale of Prince Hamlet. Being an avid savant of the Bible, Shakespeare found within its parchments, man�s same dilemma of choosing between virtue and vice, and most importantly between good and evil, which will ultimately lead to either salvation or damnation. Shakespeare also used biblical elements as linguistic devices to effectively convey profound meanings to his audience who were already accustomed to biblical ideas and symbols, as the Church and the Bible were of the paramount importance in their day to day lives. Hamlet, like other plays of Shakespeare, is rich in biblical allusions, symbolisms and references which allowed the audience to recognize and understand connections between words, ideas and characters. Therefore, one can infer that Shakespeare�s Hamlet cannot be understood or studied completely without acknowledging the Bible as one of its central foundations

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The Holy Bible, virtue, vice, salvation and damnation

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???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ? ????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??. ????+, ???????, ????, ????, ??-???, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ????, ?????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??-????? ??, ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??.

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??????? ????? :- ??????, ????????, ????, ??????, ????, ?????? ??????

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J.M. Keynese was the most influential economist of the first half of the 20th century. Keynese had said that in times of huge economic stress the government should become the spender of the last resort. The idea being that when the private sector was not spending money the government should stop in. This spending puts money into the hands of the people which they were likely to spend benefitting business and overall economy. Keynese therefore advocated for increased government expenditure and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the global economy out of the Great Depression. Keynesian economics was issued to refer to the concept that optimal economic performance could be achieved and economic slumps prevented by influencing aggregate demand through activist stabilisation and economic interventionist policy by the government. Keynesian Economics was considered as demand side theory that focuses on changes in the economy over short run.

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REVIVING THE INDIAN ECONOMY THROUGH KEYNESIAN LENS

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Educational expenditure has been rising in India, especially in the last three decades at both government as well as household levels. The government expenditure as percentage of total budgetary expenditure at both the central and state governments have increased over time, albeit slowly. In case of household expenditure (private expenditure) on education has remarkable been increased as seen from National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data of consumer expenditure on education. In the study, data has been taken from different round of NSSO such as 52nd Round (1995-96), 64th Round (2007-08), 71th Round (2014) and 75th Round (2017-18) and time period of study is 1995-96 to 2017-18. The analysis found that average annual household per student educational expenditure has increased from Rs. 1149 to Rs. 6024 in primary education and Rs. 1529 to 6866 in upper primary education from 1995-96 to 2017-18. The parent�s expenditure on tuition and examination fee is a largest share on education in urban sector as comparison rural sector. The expenditure on books, stationary and uniform expenses is more in rural sector as comparison to urban sector.

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Household expenditure, per student expenditure, primary and upper primary education, etc.

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Abstract The learner centered teaching LCT is a very important teaching and learning strategies in the field of education. LCT has been widely used in the literature around world. LCT is said to be one of the multiple labels of constructivist teaching philosophy. The focus of the instruction is to facilitate students to develop critical perspectives about the socio-economic, cultural, and political aspects. Developing critical thoughts amongst students, teachers need to cultivate a fluid relationship with their students such that students democratically and critically use their prior knowledge and experiences to build new conceptions of the topics. This method emphasizes on construction of knowledge rather than transformation of knowledge. Therefore, a number of pedagogical practices are closely associated with this teaching learning strategies. The major aim of this article to anlyze the relational instructional practices of LCT. On the basis of, various research articles, dissertations, research reports, and books on LCT, this article have been prepared. Research activities of this study include scanning the literature, grey literature, analyzing secondary data, and creating a reference list so that all documents are organized and easily accessible. The results of the present study indicates that LCT could be conceptualised as an instructional approach that focuses on helping students to construct understanding of concepts and principles using their prior knowledge and experiences from their day to day life. Teaching strategies are tailored to students� lives and teachers encourage students to analyse, interpret, and predict information. Effective dialoguing and students� active participation in the classroom processes becomes the defining feature of LCT practices. Thus, effective implementation of LCT will be determined by the teachers� understanding of the approach and their pedagogical motivation to engage students in the instructional practice. Learning objectives will then be realised by active collaboration between the teacher and learners whereas learners are promoted to make sense of the topic using their prior knowledge and varied instructional experiences.

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 Keywords

Instructional practices; teaching methods; teacher centred methods; learner centred methods; pedagogy; learner centred teaching

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