Volume 5 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. However, there exists a growing interest in the development of more and more complex integrated optical devices. In IOS we distinguish between optical integrated circuits, which perform functions similar to electronic circuits in communications systems, and planar optical devices, which are integrated optical systems other than communication systems. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. The goal of Integrated Optical Sensor (IOS) is to develop miniaturized optical devices of high functionality on a common substrate. The state-of-the-art of integrated optics is still far behind its electronic counterpart. Today, only a few basic functions are commercially feasible. The transmission and processing of signals carried by optical beams rather than by electrical currents or radio waves. When the development of the laser first provided a stable source of coherent light for such applications.

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IOS, Integrated Circuits, Optics, Optical beams, coherent light

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Now-a-days, security is a major concern in every region The Wireless Sensor Network is also facing many security problems due to processing power, storage resource, bandwidth and communication ability to expose inside activity and possible attacks. These problems raise severe concerns and points toward necessity to find suitable techniques to provide security to the network. This paper presents various types of attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Security, Wireless sensor network, Attacks

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In GPS the satellite signal is easily disturbed by the objects in the surroundings of receiver which reduces the accuracy in amplitude and phase of the receiving signal. As a result of the reflections of the signals, carrier phase multipath is caused which is the major problem at GPS receivers. Multipath is the propagation phenomenon in which the signals received by antenna other than line of sight signal is called multipath signal . Multipath signal is superimposed on the direct signal. GPS receivers provide the signal to noise ratio (SNR) used for estimation of multipath errors. Signal Quality Measurement is used for computation of phase error in the signal. In this paper we are using MUSIC algorithm to calculate the multipath parameter i.e amplitude and multipath phase. We are estimating the errors that are occurred due to the multipath which is further used to improve GPS signal precession.

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global positioning system (GPS), MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal quality, multipath.

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VANET, Cluster based reliable routing, RSU, Cluster Controller.

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Copper, Bone-implants, Reviews, Material engineering, Review analysis, Meta Analysis

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Mostly both young and old get back pain, but if it is not treated in time the disease takes a permanent shape. Ladies suffer back ache to a great extent during the period of menstruation and pregnancy. It is also possible that this pain may result in fever if the pain is excessive. Lower back pain is muscle tension (or) stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior glutel folds with (or) without leg pain (or) discomfort pain in the region of the back (or) spine. Pain felt in your lower back may come from the spine, muscles, nerve (or) other Back pain can be result of Poor posture, Back strain from poorly designed furniture, Weak back and stomach muscles due to lack of exercise Yoga is a powerful art with incredible healing power. Many incurable and longstanding diseases can be cured through yoga. The yoga treatment is scientific .se, structures in that region etc Yoga is a safe and effective alternative form of medicine for back pain. It helps stretch and strengthens the muscle of the back, abdomen muscle, extremities reduce the tension, increase the flexibility, promotes respiratory and cardio vascular function and maintain posture .It is also reduce risk of disabilities. It increases awareness of the body and how to keep health body. It build muscle mass and maintain muscle strength which protect from lower back pain. It may be concluded that yoga training had a highly positive impact in management of lower back pain.

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Lower back pain, Yoga , pranayama

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One of the most important tasks of the government is to manage economy of the country. It has to decide the means and methods to be used towards this. However, this job was taken up by almost all countries only after great depression. In pre depression era, there was faith in laissez Faire model of economy

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sion. In pre depression era, there was faith

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Services marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a product. Marketing a service-base business is different from marketing a product-base business. Services marketing is a specialized branch of marketing. Services marketing emerged as a separate field of study in the early 1980s, following the recognition that the unique characteristics of services required different strategies compared with the marketing of physical goods. The purpose of this paper is to study the concept, scope and challenges and issues in service marketing. Keywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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eywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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Rainfall-runoff models are used to describe the hydrological behavior of a catchment. The relationship between rainfall and runoff is known to be highly non- linear, time varying and spatially distributed. This study presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks to model daily rainfall- runoff for Osmansagar catchment, Hyderabad, India using Levenberg- Marquardt back propagation algorithm. To study the performance of the model developed, various statistical performance indices namely correlation coefficient, normalised root mean square error, coefficient of efficiency, average absolute relative error and threshold statistic are computed during training and testing phases. The results indicate that ANN can effectively be used to model daily rainfall- runoff process

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Rainfall, Runoff, Neural Networks

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In this paper, we have a tendency to tend to gift the matter of mixed sound event verification in associate extremely wireless detector network for home automation systems. In home automation systems, the sound recognized by the system becomes the premise for taking part in positive tasks. However, if a target provide is mixed with another sound because of synchronal incidence, the system would generate poor recognition results, later leading to inappropriate responses. Home automation should be easier and straightforward to use and but value effective to be wide acceptable. Wireless home automation lately should use the foremost recent technology advances thus on be user friendly and powerful. There has been innumerable labor done already throughout this area. throughout this project, current technology components square measure used and residential automation is implemented victimization the communication technologies like net and speech recognition. The comes will analysis and choose fully totally different programme prospects for home automation for mobile devices. The automation centers on victimization relatively inexpensive wireless communication modules. The supposed home automation system will management the lights and electrical appliances in home victimization voice commands.

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WSN, VAD, VHD

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This paper aims at giving an overview his paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security systems in automobiles for today and future development. The perception of safety and security problems on the part of those parties involved in the operation of public transportation. This perception is used as a base to develop an improvement agenda for the particular context of developing countries. The rank of importance for each factor is analyzed by applying the factor analysis. Analysis shows that the user is the most important party involved. The understanding and awareness of the user (including the driver) is the most important variable to imove the condition.

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Automobile, Safety, Security, Public Pransportation.

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In this paper we aim to through some light on Global and Indian Scenario of Indian Automotive Industry.The automotive industry is increasingly becoming the cynosure of the manufacturing sector across the world. The attention and importance to the automotive industry in the economic development and planning policies of Indian Government and its agencies has also witnessed significant up rise. The Indian industry has been evolving over the years, meeting up with challenges as diverse as transitions, consolidations and restructuring, and thereby adapting to the new market conditions.

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Automotive industry, Global, Indian Government, Vehicles

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This paper deals with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction in nine-level inverter-fed induction motor drive. Nine-level voltage source inverter-fed induction motor drive is modeled and simulated using matlab simulink and the results are presented. The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in harmonics. The hardware is implemented and the results are presented. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

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THD, Induction motor, Voltage source inverter, Multilevel inverter, Matlab Simulink.

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This study undertakes an in-depth exploration into the nuanced perceptions held by parents regarding their children's consumption of cartoons. It seeks to uncover the complex influences that cartoons exert on children's development as perceived by their caregivers. The prevalence of cartoons as a primary form of entertainment for primary school going children from six years old, with dedicated viewership emerging by the age of 12 years, highlights the significance of understanding of parental attitudes towards this medium. While cartoons may offer benefits such as educational content, nurturing creativity, and providing entertainment, there exists a parallel concern regarding the potential negative effects they may impart. This study focuses on these divisions and complexities inherent in children's engagement with cartoons. By investigating into the perceptions and judgments of parents, this research seeks to illuminate the intricate interplay between cartoons and children's development. It aims to promote awareness and informed discourse surrounding the impacts of cartoon consumption on young minds. Through an exploration of parental perspectives, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse influences that cartoons can have on children, both positive and negative, within the context of their developmental journey.

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Television cartoon, parents and children, co-viewing, perception

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Linguistically Karbi is a Tibeto-Burman language. The original home of various people speking Tibeto-Burman language was in western china,near the yang-tee- kiang and hwang-ho rivers. And from this place they went down to the course of the Brahmaputra and entered India.( Indranoshee Das,2005). According to the anthropologist, Karbi belongs to the Mongoloid group. The old name of Karbi is Mikir. Presently, the Karbi community is mainly found in Karbi Anglong and other parts of Assam. The Karbi inhabited areas of Assam are Dimahaso , Kamrup, Morigaon, Nagaon, Golaghat, Lakhimpur , Sonitpur and Biswanath. The Karbi Autonomous district was established on 17th November 1951. Their total population is 8,13,311 according to the 2011 census. Only 11.30% population live in urban area, while the rest live in 2563 villages in rural area. The medium of education in Hills and Plains are Assamese and English . In Hills, few Christian schools teach Karbi language. Most of the students go to the Assamese or English Medium in the Hills area. The Karbi people of Assam use their karbi language for communication in their society. As we know, Karbi speech community is a bilingual speech community. They have wide spread bilingualism among them. They use Assamese language as their common medium of conversation in all purposes. As Assamese language is State language of Assam, hence it is the dominant language of entire State. As Karbi is a minority language, they use Assamese language very frequently in their society. Assamese language enjoys a higher status than Karbi language in their society.Karbi people treat Assamese language as a high(h) language and Karbi as a low(l) language. As wide spread bilingualism is seen among the Karbi speech community, so we can see Fishman's concept of Bilingualism with Diglossia prevailed here.

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A brief history of Karbi community living in Assam.

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This research study explores the various factors that lead to inaccurate replies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. With the growing integration of AI across many fields, it is essential to identify the causes of malfunctions to enhance dependability and performance. The study uses a thorough analysis to investigate aspects including data quality, algorithmic constraints, and external factors affecting AI malfunctions. The research tries to analyze real-world examples of wrong responses to understand the complex interaction of variables that cause AI mistakes. The analysis provides valuable information for discussions on AI reliability and helps in creating strong plans to deal with these difficulties, promoting the responsible and efficient use of AI technologies.

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Artificial Intelligence, Incorrect hyper-parameters, AI malfunction, Algorithmic Errors.

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This paper introduces an innovative cryptographic framework that merges Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) with attribute escrow and key distribution facilitated by quantum teleportation. The developed scheme aims to boost both security and privacy in data-sharing scenarios. CP-ABE provides fine-grained access control by encrypting information according to access policies associated with user attributes. To enhance privacy, attribute escrow is employed, ensuring that no single entity possesses complete knowledge of a user's attributes. For the secure distribution of decryption key segments, quantum teleportation is utilized, exploiting quantum mechanics' intrinsic security to detect and thwart eavesdropping attempts. This integration ensures that key distribution is both secure and resistant to quantum-based threats, while preserving the flexibility and privacy advantages offered by CP-ABE combined with attribute escrow. This framework is especially applicable to areas demanding high security and privacy levels, such as secure cloud storage, healthcare data management, and confidential communications.

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escrow,Teleportation

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The early 20th century witnessed the effort of the intellectuals across the globe having paid the brunt of a world war that took the lives of millions. The carnage of the First World War made President Woodrow Wilson to propose that power politics be replaced by policies based on justice and democracy. However, the concern was more specifically on how to use military means to defend a social order, guard against potential dangers, or gain advantages over actual or potential adversaries. The coercive means ,yet a matter of consideration despite the huge score of human loss. In this way , power is more than just a symbol but is the real source of mutual relations . Civil resistance which has occurred in various forms throughout history, has become particularly prominent being a viable means to check the arbitrary use of coercion by the authority or political administration .An important figure who withstood the aggressive policies of the dominant fascist regime in Italy, is Antonio Gramsci. He is a Marxist philosopher, journalist, linguist, writer and politician. He was a leading and a founding member andleader of the Communist Party of Italy . He was imprisoned by the Fascist regime. The central issues raised in his Prison Notebooks and in other writings such as his Prison Letters include hegemony, common sense, civil society, subaltern studies, cultural analysis, media and film studies, postcolonial studies, international relations, linguistics, cultural anthropology, and historiography. Gramsci was sympathetic towards theoppressed groups within the society who had to succumb to the miseries owing to the unilateral policies of the dominant administration . Sardinian peasants and minerswho were always illtreated by the mainlanders grasped the attention of Gramsci and he took up their cause as an activist.He was an original thinker within the Marxist framework, was known for his ideas concerning the role of civil society between the economic base and the ideological superstructure of societies. He is also renowned for his theorization of the importance of cultural hegemony as a non-coercive means of maintaining dominance in societies. The chapter highlights on the contemporary relevance of non-violent ,civil resistance movements of the civil society for transformation, as Gramsci is known for today.Antonio Gramsci is widely known even in the 21st century for hisimpact on social and political thought, critical theory and literary methodology also as a theoretician and an educationist of the middle and working class . Although he wrote in the 20thcentury , the interpretations of Gramsci's work do provide a link to socio political issues of our contemporary time ,for though the context differ, the content of the issue continue to remain the same. Thus co-walking with Gramsci in our times is of much importance for suggesting vital measures for settling legal and socio-political, historical controversies and for answering normative questions on civil society and political administration .

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A theory of education, Civilresistance and the superstructural influence on power: Re-reading Gramsci

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