Volume 3 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Indian banking sector involves private banking and government banking supports. There is various perception among the customers in India. A very general prospective is that government sector banks provides economic services but inferior pre, post and present services. There were various prospective in this approach of perception. This study is review based study. This is a commentary based on the various sources of information. The data used in this study was secondary.

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A COMMENTARY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEENPUBLIC SECTOR BANKS AND CUSTOMERS IN INDIA

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Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Energy Meter, Prepaid Energy Meter, Postpaid Energy Meter, Arduino Uno, ESP8266 NodeMCU, Adafruit IO, Energy Monitoring System, Smart Billing System, Load Control.

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Children are the most vulnerable section of our society. Their rights are being violated in many ways. Almost in every society the world has witnessed the violation of the rights of the children. The children are very much vulnerable to exploitation. Child labour is one of the ugliest manifestations of the violation of the rights of the children. They are being treated as commodity that can be bought and sold. Extreme poverty is one of the cognizable reasons for this menace. Children are engaged in work in hazardous conditions as they are unable to protest against the same and they continue to work till their employer needs them to work. They are subjected to receive less wages and sometimes beaten up by their employer for not conforming to the assigned norms for them. This inhuman practice does not prevalent in the third world countries alone but the rich first world countries are also facing the menace. International Labour Organization (ILO) since its inception has been working as the saviour of the rights of the children. Our constitution guarantees certain rights to our children so that their rights can be protected and promoted. The children are the assets of the nation and as such their rights should every way be protected and the violation of the same should lead to severe punishment by the law of the land.

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CHILD LABOUR: A VIOLATION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS

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The United Nations UN was created in 1945 in order to become the major instrument of international governance, with the responsibility to maintain international peace and security, promote human rights, economic and social development. Its continued relevance, especially during the time frame of 2004-2014, has been subjected to verdicts, which have invited a lot of scholarly attention due to the emergence and changes in global challenges. Thus, the current research highlights the role, successes, and shortcomings of the UN over the post-Cold War period and focuses specifically on its performance in facing the challenges of conflicts, humanitarian crisis, climate change and sustainable development. The organization has certainly done tremendous work in terms of peacekeeping, human right enhancement, economic-development programs, but with this has come repeated criticism of its inefficiencies, Security-Council stalemates and the growing ascendancy of the role of regional organizations. In an attempt to clarify such dynamics, the paper critically examines some of the UN operations and their results whether successful or unsuccessful interventions. It then proceeds to look at the difficulties of UN reform, the biggest being enlargement of the Security Council and the concomitant emergence of new world powers. Finally, the paper provides some thoughts on the future ability of the organization to adapt to the changing geopolitical realities and stay a successful arena of multilateral cooperation.

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 Keywords

United Nations, Global Governance, Peacekeeping, Human Rights, International Relations, Post-Cold War.

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 Abstract

Nayi Kavita me Rasaswadan

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Nayi Kavita me Rasaswadan

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Training deep neural networks becomes increasingly challenging as their depth grows. To address this, we introduce a residual learning framework that simplifies the training of networks significantly deeper than those traditionally used. Rather than having each layer learn a direct mapping, we reformulate the layers to learn residual functions--essentially focusing on the difference from the input, which eases optimization. Our experiments provide strong evidence that these residual networks (ResNets) are easier to train and benefit from increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset, we tested ResNets with up to 152 layers, which is eight times deeper than VGG networks [41], yet they remain less complex in terms of computation. An ensemble of these deep ResNets achieved a 3.57% error rate, securing first place in the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also analyzed performance on CIFAR-10, experimenting with networks up to 100 and 1000 layers deep. Our findings show that deeper representations are crucial for visual recognition tasks. Thanks to the extreme depth of our models, we achieved a 28% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. These deep residual networks were also key to our top-ranking entries in the ILSVRC and COCO 2015 competitions, winning first place in multiple tasks including ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation.

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Advanced Residual Networks for Enhancing Image Classification

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The success of communication network has largely been a result of adopting a layered architecture. With this architecture, its design and implementation is divided into simpler modules that are separately designed and implemented and then interconnected. However, the layered structures in the existing networks are designed in layers, where protocols operate independently at each layer of the network stack. This approach provides flexibility with a modular design and standardization, but it may result in severe performance degradation when these protocols do not cooperate well. This is usually the case of wireless multihop networks, where noise and interference at lower layers affect the routing and congestion control performed at upper layers. Wireless links are unreliable and wireless nodes usually rely on random access mechanism to access wireless channel. Thus, the performance of link layer is not guaranteed, which will result in performance problems for the whole network. So, we need cross-layer design in order to improve the performance and achieve the capacity of wireless multihop networks. In this paper, we are using XPRESS, a cross-layer backpressure architecture designed to reach the capacity of wireless multihop networks. Instead of a collection of poorly coordinated wireless routers, XPRESS turns a mesh network into a wireless switch where packet routing and scheduling decisions are made by a backpressure scheduler. XPRESS is composed of a central controller, which performs backpressure scheduling based on the measured wireless network state, and also of the wireless nodes, which periodically provide the network measurements and execute the computed schedule using a cross-layer protocol stack. Transmissions over the network are scheduled using a throughput-optimal backpressure algorithm.

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CrossLayer Approach, TDMAC Protocol, Back pressure Architecture

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Agriculture is one of the most water-intensive industries, and efficient water management is crucial for sustainable farming. This project presents a Smart Irrigation System based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), integrating Arduino Uno as the central microcontroller. The system employs a moisture sensor to monitor soil conditions, a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, and a rain sensor to detect precipitation. Additionally, a wind sensor is used to assess wind speed, which can influence irrigation decisions. A 12V relay module controls the irrigation motor, and a GSM 800 module allows remote activation of the motor via SMS, enabling farmers to turn the irrigation system on or off from any location. The system also includes a temperature sensor to monitor environmental changes and a 16x2 LCD display to provide real-time status updates on sensor readings and motor operations. This automated irrigation system minimizes water wastage, optimizes irrigation schedules based on real-time environmental data, and reduces manual intervention. By leveraging IoT and WSN technologies, the proposed system contributes to precision agriculture, resource conservation, and improved crop yield.

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Smart Irrigation, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Arduino Uno, IoT, Precision Agriculture.

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When it comes to establishing an appropriate accurate, analytical, or semi-analytical approach for studying buckling loads on laminated plates, it was discovered that the impacts of boundary conditions and lamination arrangements (i.e. stacking sequence and orientation of a lamina) are significant aspects to take into consideration. Additionally, it was discovered that the precision of stresses, strains, buckling loads, and other similar quantities becomes more accurate as the derivative order of shear deformation grows, and this occurs without the necessity for shear correction factors.

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Literature review, Buckling, Laminated Composite, Buckling Loads.

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This paper explores the enduring legacy of colonialism and its profound impact on contemporary geopolitical conflicts. By examining historical injustices inflicted upon colonized peoples, the study highlights how colonial practices--such as economic exploitation, cultural suppression, and arbitrary territorial divisions--continue to shape modern state relations and internal dynamics within formerly colonized nations. The research argues that many current geopolitical tensions, particularly in regions like South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, can be traced back to colonial-era policies that disrupted local identities and governance structures. The paper emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of these legacies to address ongoing issues of inequality, resource distribution, and ethnic strife. By linking historical grievances to present-day conflicts, the study advocates for a more comprehensive framework in international relations that considers the ramifications of colonialism in shaping global power dynamics and conflicts today. Ultimately, this analysis aims to contribute to a deeper discourse on justice, reconciliation, and the paths forward for nations grappling with the legacies of their colonial pasts.

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THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM: HOW HISTORICAL INJUSTICES SHAPE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS

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Discrimination against people with special needs is dehumanising and humiliating in today's society. There is no caste, class, or religion-specific discrimination here. Regardless of their social standing, people with disabilities are subjected to the worst forms of discrimination, stigma, and mockery. These individuals make up around 3% of our entire population, which is undoubtedly a sizable portion. In circumstances when their differences are obvious, people with disabilities are frequently stigmatised. People frequently react to the presence of people with disabilities with dread, pity, condescension, invasive looks, disgust, or apathy.

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discrimination, disability, autobiographies, memoirs

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"Food is the moral right of all, who are born into this world. Without food, man at most can live but a few weeks; without it all other components of social justice are meaningless" these lines were uttered by the Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug, who is considered as the "Father of Green Revolution". He received the Nobel Peace prize in 1970, for having saved over a billion people from starvation. The term "Green Revolution" was first used by William S. Gaud, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), in a speech on 8 March 1968. Land area is perfectly inelastic, it cannot be artificially created, instead, it is a free gift of nature. On the other hand, population of a county and the world consistently increases. Therefore, every new born baby comes with a mouth, which needs to be feed. As a result, the pressure on the existing land, mounts up every year, forcing it to produce more food grains for the growing population. Today, if population of the world is getting enough food grains and not suffering from malnutrition, entire credit must go to one scientific research outcome, namely, "Green Revolution". It is a set of research technology transfer initiatives, occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies, including high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds for different crops, especially dwarf wheat and rice. It was associated with chemical fertilizers, agrochemicals, controlled water-supply and newer methods of cultivation, including mechanization. All of these together were seen as a 'package of practices' to supersede 'traditional' technology of farming and to be adopted as a whole. This paper attempts to find out the genesis of green revolution across globe.

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Food scarcity, population growth, HYV seeds, food security, mechanization.

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Global warming is a pivotal issue for the world community as of now. The issue of climate change is being addressed through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The EU's commitments are to stabilize CO2 emissions by 2000 at 1990 levels and to reduce emissions of the main six greenhouse gases by 8% in 2008-2012 from 1990 levels (Kyoto Protocol) 1. Green House Gas other than CO2, Methane is also responsible for global warming. Its global warming potential is about 28 times greater than that of carbon dioxide2. It is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted through human activities, accounting for about 15 per cent global GHG emissions in 20123. Methane emissions account for more than one-third of total anthropogenic (or manmade) climate forcing, making methane the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG). Methane is also a constituent of natural gas, so capturing it offers a unique opportunity to increase energy security while mitigating climate change. By targeting five main methane sectors (agriculture, coal mines, municipal solid waste [MSW], municipal wastewater, and oil and gas), the Global Methane Initiative (GMI) provides an international framework for reducing and recovering methane gas as a clean energy source, with significant benefits to the global environment, the economy, and human health4. In this paper, a relation between Methane emission and Livestock population has been established in the districts of Assam for the year 2001. A medium positive relation is found between the independent and dependent variable.

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REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF METHANE EMMISSION ON LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN ASSAM, 2001

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Human resource management is a critical function within organisations, responsible for recruiting, hiring, training, and managing employees. However, this essential role also presents various ethical challenges. One of the primary ethical challenges in human resource management is ensuring fair treatment and equal opportunities for all employees, regardless of their background, gender, race, or any other characteristic. Additionally, maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of employee information poses ethical dilemmas, especially in the age of digital data storage and management. Another significant ethical consideration is the responsibility of HR professionals to create a safe and respectful workplace environment, free from discrimination, harassment, and retaliation. These challenges demand a thorough understanding of ethical principles and values, as well as the development and implementation of sound ethical policies and practices within the human resource management framework. In addition to the ethical challenges mentioned, another significant consideration in human resource management is the issue of employee compensation and benefits. Ensuring that employees receive fair and equitable compensation for their work is a critical ethical responsibility for HR professionals. This includes addressing issues such as gender pay gaps and disparities in remuneration based on factors unrelated to job performance.

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Human Resource Management, Ethical Consideration, HR Professionals

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Large organisations today have to manage big data that is dispersed throughout the globe. A virus is a type of programme that seriously compromises the system. Because of this, security is now a top concern for all businesses. These days, the most valuable resource for anyone is data which requires a variety of maintenance measures to safeguard those assets. Maintaining system security is becoming increasingly difficult as different types of viruses, such as malware, trojans, hackers, and adware, become more and more common. The prevalence of the internet in our daily lives is growing, and with it comes the ever-growing risk of various threats. Different viruses can be caught by different mechanisms, which calls for careful analysis. This paper presents a brief overview of different types of virus detection techniques and the effects they have on the system. This will assist in comprehending the advantages and disadvantages of every virus following the survey. A conclusion and some advice on how to avoid the virus in a sizable virtual world are provided at the end.

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Virus, Virus Detection, Signature-Based Virus Detection, Anomaly-Based Detection, Trojan

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The main aim of this research was to propose the concepts of Explainable and Ethical Machine Learning (EEML) as the solutions to the problems arising from the fast-growing Artificial Intelligence (AI). While technological advancement is inevitable, AI has been growing by leaps and bounds in recent years and changing society in significant ways. Although the rapid progress of AI technology is impressive, it has also highlighted some drawbacks, i.e., lack of transparency and ethical use of algorithms [1]. This paper mainly aims to demystify AI by putting in place standards that govern transparency and ethics in the development of AI. By critically evaluating the present position of AI systems and future insights, the analysis contributes to adopting the EEML approach. These guidelines are directed toward the principle of visibility, trustworthy behaviour, and moral evaluations at the various stages of the AI cycle. Through the campaign to support the implementation of EEML frameworks, stakeholders will contribute to maximizing trust and accountability in AI systems. Transparency of AI algorithms allows users to get the fundamental corrections processes of determining, which builds confidence and makes the technologies relevant. Moreover, ethical issues exist to see that AI systems territorialize on moral norms, thus preventing biased or unfair choices. Also, due to the promotion of socially responsible AI innovation through the EEML policy, all stakeholders in this field can help speed up the process of society's acceptance of AI technology [1]. Consequently, AI developers need to pay special attention to transparency and ethics to troubleshoot privacy violations, discrimination, and other ethical issues with AI deployment. In the end, efforts of an EMLC type are significant for developing innovative, responsible AI and its use. The intersection of transparency and ethical considerations in AI development processes, stakeholders can prevent what may be opaque and biased AI systems from getting damaging results. Consequently, this will be one of the factors impacting the AI tools' performance and positive effects on society.

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Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Bias, Responsible AI, Transparency, Accountability, Explainable Machine Learning, AI systems

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This research paper examines the impact of globalization on international trade patterns through a comparative analysis. Beginning with a historical overview of trade networks, it explores the drivers of globalization, including technological advancements, economic policies, and cultural dynamics. The paper delves into the transformation of trade flows, the emergence of global value chains, and the implications for income inequality, job displacement, and environmental degradation. Strategic policy responses at both national and international levels are discussed, emphasizing trade facilitation, skills development, industrial policy, and environmental regulation. The paper concludes by highlighting future directions for addressing the challenges and maximizing the opportunities of globalization.

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Globalization, International Trade, Comparative Analysis, Drivers of Globalization, Global Value Chains, Policy Responses.

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This study examines the influence of governmental policies and humanitarian initiatives on the casting vote patterns of "Muslims in Bihar, India". The research seeks to evaluate the degree to which government policies, both at the state and central levels, impact the voting inclinations of Muslims in Bihar. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate the relationship between Muslim voters who have received advantages from social programs and their tendency to endorse the political party affiliated with these programs. Moreover, the study examines and evaluates the perceived portrayal of the Muslim community in governmental policies and initiatives in Bihar, and studies its impact on the voting preferences of Muslims. The study utilizes a "mixed-methods approach, incorporating surveys, interviews, and data analysis", to offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of Muslim voting behavior in Bihar. The study also illuminates the relationship between government initiatives, welfare programs, and political preferences among the Muslim electorate.

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Muslim Voters, Government Policies, Welfare schemes, Political Parties

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Telugu and Marathi Dalit Poetry offer us a complete absorbing assuming of Dalit absoluteness in acceding of Ambedkarism. The affinity to explain the economic alterity in acceding of the caste system, the active seek fabricated for an able Dalit identity, the aesthetic apprehension of abode and the ultimate aspiration for political ability are broadly acquainted in both Telugu and Marathi Dalit poetry which dwells abysmal into the roots of dalit ability for its aseptic devices. The way dalit poetry makes use of the blaze attitude of folk literary ability and the adjustment of presenting things through abrogating apologue by way of deconstructing Hindu fabulous symbols consistently achieve this poetry altered from the ahead created upper caste Hindu literature of all sorts.

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Telugu and Marathi Dalit poetry, Ideology, Untouchability, Mythology

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The excitation of a DC (Direct Current) generator is a critical aspect of its operation, as it directly influences the generator's performance and output characteristics. This abstract provides an overview of the methods employed to excite DC generators, highlighting the significance of excitation in maintaining a stable and controllable electrical output. DC generators rely on a magnetic field to induce electromotive force (EMF) in their armature windings. To establish and control this magnetic field, various excitation methods are employed, including self-excitation, separate excitation, and compound excitation

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A Review on Different Methods for Excitation of DC Generator

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