Volume 6 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Tertiary treatment is the final stage of waste water purification. It raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment such as sea, river, lake, ground etc. Tertiary treatment removes different types of pollutants such as organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, pathogens and heavy meals that secondary treatment is not able to remove. It includes sedimentation, coagulation, membrane processes, filtration, ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption, electrodialysis, nitrification and denitrification, ozonation, ultraviolet radiation etc. Effluent becomes cleaner by tertiary treatment through the use of stronger and more advanced treatment systems. This paper reviews the different tertiary treatment technologies available. Recent innovations for achieving clean and clearer water suitable for reuse or discharge to the surface water sources are discussed.

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Advanced wastewater treatment, membrane processes, nitrification and Denitrification, tertiary treatment, waste water treatment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract When a big dam project comes to an existence in the hilly and tribal areas, by the decision making mechanism, its victims will naturally be a large number of tribals. The great problem while constructing a dam is the submergence caused by the reservoir. Being uneducated, depressed, deprived and poor, they cannot raise their voice against the authorities. Protesting against big dams from different corners has a long history in India and abroad. The present study describes about the Indira Sagar National Project (polavaram), which is going to submerge a vast daciduous forest terrains including tribal settlements in the border areas of Chattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Big demonstrations and anti-dam campaignings have been organized by the tribals. Most of the NGOs, Social Workers and intellectuals are supported the movement as there would be large scale deforestation and involuntary displacement. The primary observation in the study provides a picture of the cause and effect relationship of the movements and the secondary data provides social conflict caused by the Polavaram. Environmental-economics relating to a large dam project is the basic insight of the paper.

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Key words- Biofertilizers, Nodulization and Varieties of green gram.

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With the current concerns of rise in demand as well as the price of the conventional fuels in the world, there is a need to concentrate more on energy efficiency, conservation and renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the most efficient, clean and affordable energy alternatives. The purpose of this project is to design a flat plate type solar collector integrated with a heat pipe technology. The flat plate solar collector is a means of converting the radiant energy from the sun into thermal energy. Heat pipes are passive devices that have the equivalent of a high thermal conductance. They can be used to remove heat from flat plate collector and transfer the energy to the working fluid inside the heat pipe. For hot water generation, this approach has several advantages over the conventional flat plate collector.

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Heat pipe, Flat Plate, Solar Collector

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Eklavya Model Residential Schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalas, Teaching-Learning Process

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Aim of the present piece of work was to biochemically segregate the different amino acids like essential amino acids (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in proteins and fatty acids like saturated fatty acids (SFA); mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly saturated fatty acids (PUFA) of fats in the muscle tissues of three commercially less importance fresh water fishes like Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus and Anabas testudineus. The parameters under study were estimated in all the three species irrespective of sex, size and maturity. Nine essential amino acids namely Lysine, Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Methionine, Tryptophan and Histidine that are very important for human health were found to be present in all the species examined. Among all the essential amino acids, Leucine is found to be highest in content i.e. 1.29mg, 0.86mg and 1.38mg/100 gm fish muscle among the above three species respectively. However, in NEAA; Glutamic acid content was recorded to be highest in C.batrachus and C.punctatus with value of 2.41mg and 0.79 mg/100 gm tissue; whereas, Cysteine value of 2.35 mg was recorded in A.testudineus. Glutamic acid plays an important role in amino acid metabolism because of its role in transamination reactions and is necessary for the synthesis of key molecules, such as glutathione which are required for removal of highly toxic peroxides and the polyglutamate foliate cofactors. The highest value in SFA of C21:0 was found to be 0.45mg in C. batrachus, whereas the C16:0 content was recorded to be 1.07mg and 3.59mg in C.punctatus and A.testudineus respectively. Similarly, the highest value of MUFA in C18:1n9 has found in C.batrachus and C.punctatus with a value of 1.54mg and 1.01mg per 100gm tissue respectively. The MUFA of C18:1n9t has highest value found in A.testudineus of 1.29 mg. The PUFA like Omega 6 (? 6) content was recorded highest among above three species with a value of 0.89mg, 0.98mg and 0.69 mg per 100gm of tissues. The total EAA were found to be 7.07mg, 5.19mg, and 7.42mg; whereas the value of NEAA was recorded to be 7.16mg, 4.29mg, and 9.58mg per 100 gm tissue differ between the species. However the total SFA was recorded 1.909mg, 3.25mg, and 4.283mg ; MUFA 2.135mg, 3.650mg, and 1.876mg and the total PUFA content was found to be 2.990mg, 3.402mg, and 1.975mg respectively in the fishes under study. Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid predominantly found in all the species. The results indicate that all the fish species under experimentation contain high quality of protein and fats with necessary fatty acids and many essential amino acids for normal development and growth of human and can be exploited as alternative fish source like that of commercial important variety. Among all the species under study, A.testudineus was found to be the best choice among all the species under study as it contains high nutrient components and the perfect ratio of SFA, MUFA and PUFA followed by C.batrachus and C.punctatus.

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amino acids, fatty acids, Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus, Anabas testudineus

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education, Psychology, Personality Traits , Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness.Leadership

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Mud, lime, wood, stone and others traditional materials are silent used in house constructions in many countries, especially in India. Thermal comfort level changes for different indoor and outdoor condition which can be measure. The thermal comfort level can be changed for indoor by putting thermal materials like insulation, but the out comfort level is not control by human. Indoor thermal conditions can be improved by the selection of building components, optimum orientation & proper selection of building material. This paper contains the values of the different materials to control & perform better for the thermal comfort and to meet with value of energy conservation building code (ECBC).

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Thermal performance, Thermal transmittance, sustainable building materials, and ECBC.

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Brand Preferences, Semi-Urban consumers, Rural consumers.

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Lora=rk laxzke esa lekpkj i=ksa dh HkwfedkA

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In the recent years, women play an important role in entrepreneurial activity. It is witnessed that the increasing in the numbers of women starting business has not only seen in developed countries, but have also been seen in many other developing countries including India. In the last 40 years, there has been increasing number of women entrepreneurs in developing countries. Hence the present study aims to know the motivational factors influencing on women entrepreneurs to take up entrepreneurial activity in Mysore District. The data were collected from 74 women entrepreneurs. The result of the study says that, the very important factor influencing the women entrepreneurs in Mysore district to start their business is their self-accomplishment. They are motivated by the factors like more autonomy and independence, economic independence, control over doing new things, and inspired to become successful entrepreneurs. These factors are influencing them more to start a business.

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Women Entrepreneurship, motivation, self-accomplishment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Environmental pollution, Plastic, aquatic life, human, BPA, toxic

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Service quality, Student satisfaction, TTD Higher educational institutions

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Agriculture & allied sector, Public Investment, Farmers Income.

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ABSTRACT The scheduled tribes are the segregated and isolated communities and are concentrated in the states of Orrisa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan were they constitute about 80 per cent of the scheduled tribe population of India. In some of the North Eastern states also they from more than 80 per cent of their population, and mostly live on the hillsides and forests. They are isolated from rest of the society to poor transportation and communication facilities and have remained as educationally, culturally, economically and socially disadvantaged sections. Tribes have been considered to be lowest in the social hierarchy. Being mostly illiterate, they have been subjected to all kinds of exploitation- social, economic and political. The percentage of population having monthly per capita expenditure below the average MPCE of the state is, in scheduled tribes the difference is more than 20 points for scheduled tribes of Andhra Pradesh and 14 points for Scheduled tribes in India. This also indicates more persons are below poverty line and are unable to have a minimum level of suggested expenditure for their survival, making them vulnerable for the vagaries of the nature. Their health status is very discouraging. Low agricultural production and lack of an appropriate food distribution system are the reasons for low levels of the nutritional status. In addition to the low agricultural production, the nutritional status of the population is to be viewed as the problem of poor quality of food intake due to low literacy rate and lack of awareness. Shortage of food and nutrient inadequacies leads to ill-health of the tribal people. This study deals with the health status of the sample households based on disease prevalence rate, distribution of infected persons by sex and age groups etc. in Vizainagaram district of Andhra Pradesh.

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aadivasi, ill-health, malnutrition, MPCE, poverty

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: Cloud computing, deployment, computing resources, web-based system and internet

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Ekalavya model residential schools, school management Committee, attitude

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, educational thoughts, scientific thoughts

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ABSTRACT: Security system are basically part of security issues related to our work environment, it is mandatory. Some of the well-known application areas of face recognition are Biometric, Information security, Law Enforcement and Surveillance, Smart Cards, Access Control. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a classification and regression prediction tool that uses machine learning theory to maximize predictive accuracy while automatically avoiding over-fit to the data. Support Vector machines can be defined as systems which use hypothesis space of a linear functions in a high dimensional feature space, trained with a learning algorithm from optimization theory that implements a learning bias derived from statistical learning theory. It is also being used for many applications, such as hand writing analysis, face analysis and so forth, especially for pattern classification and regression based applications.

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Face recognition, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gabor features, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Classification, Regression.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition