Volume 8 | Issue 7 | July-2020

 Abstract

In the pursuit of sustainable and environmentally sound energy alternatives, biodiesel has emerged as a promising candidate to replace conventional fossil fuels. This paper provides an in-depth examination of biodiesel, encompassing its production process, environmental ramifications, economic feasibility, and associated challenges. Biodiesel, primarily sourced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils and animal fats, undergoes transesterification, yielding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Notably, biodiesel offers substantial environmental benefits, including reduced emissions of pollutants and potential mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions owing to its renewable feedstock origin. However, its economic viability hinges on various factors such as feedstock availability, production costs, and the regulatory landscape, with government incentives playing a crucial role in fostering market competitiveness. Despite the promise biodiesel holds, challenges persist. These encompass feedstock sourcing, distribution infrastructure limitations, and technical compatibility issues with existing diesel engines. Nonetheless, biodiesel presents opportunities beyond environmental and economic realms. It has the potential to enhance energy security by reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels while simultaneously stimulating rural development through localized production and employment generation, especially in agricultural communities. Looking ahead, technological advancements, supportive policy frameworks, and collaborative efforts are essential to address existing barriers and accelerate the integration of biodiesel into the global energy portfolio. Such endeavors are vital for realizing the full potential of biodiesel in contributing to a sustainable and resilient energy future. Thus, this paper underscores the significance of biodiesel as a viable alternative to conventional fuels and underscores the need for concerted action to unlock its benefits while navigating its associated challenges.

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 Keywords

Biodiesel, alternative fuel, renewable energy, sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions, energy security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kamala Markandaya's "Nectar in a Sieve" paints a poignant portrait of life in rural India through the eyes of Rukmani, a woman forced to navigate a harsh and ever-changing world. The title itself, "Nectar in a Sieve," serves as a powerful metaphor for the fleeting nature of happiness and security amidst constant struggle. The novel explores several themes, but resilience and loss stand out as central to Rukmani's journey. Rukmani embodies the unwavering spirit of a survivor. From the hardships of village life to the devastating blows of famine, illness, and the loss of loved ones, she demonstrates remarkable strength and adaptability. Her unwavering commitment to her family and the land becomes her anchor, pushing her to endure the harshest circumstances. The novel is marked by a relentless cycle of loss. Rukmani experiences the death of children, the displacement of her community, and the erosion of traditional values. Each loss chips away at her sense of stability, forcing her to confront the harsh realities of a changing world. However, these losses also serve as catalysts for change. They push Rukmani to venture beyond the confines of her village, seek new opportunities, and embrace a more modern way of life. Markandaya masterfully portrays how resilience and loss are intricately linked in Rukmani's life. Each loss becomes a source of strength, shaping her into a more resolute and resourceful individual. Yet, the constant struggle takes its toll, leaving an undercurrent of grief and longing for a simpler, more secure existence.

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Rural, Grief, Struggle, Resilience

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Modern astronomy stands at the forefront of scientific exploration, offering profound insights into the vast cosmos that surrounds us. This paper explores the latest advancements in observational techniques, theoretical frameworks, and technological innovations driving the field forward. From the discovery of exoplanets and the characterization of their atmospheres to the probing of distant galaxies and the study of cosmic evolution, astronomers continue to push the boundaries of our understanding. Moreover, groundbreaking collaborations between international research institutions and space agencies have enabled unprecedented discoveries, shedding light on fundamental questions about the origins, composition, and fate of the universe. This abstract provides a glimpse into the captivating world of astronomy, showcasing its pivotal role in unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos and inspiring wonder and curiosity about our place in the universe.

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 Keywords

astronomy, universe.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the dual nature of AI that can be helpful for the security measures of data against cyberattacks as well as AI as a new brand of cyber threat. With the continued fast development of AI technology, its applications in cybersecurity also become more and more popular, which can enable organizations to have more advanced abilities to spot, block and react to cyber threats with amazing speed and accuracy than ever. Notwithstanding the merits , the spread of AI also brings with it new risks , as the number of bad actors who are leveraging advanced AI techniques to devise complex cyber attack vectors is increasing at an alarming rate [1]. This paper examines the compositional question between AI technology and cyber threats, which is complicated and multifaceted, and that covers the challenges and complexities associated with comprehending and mitigating AI-powered cyber threats. The focus of the paper is to apply a critical evaluation of the literature and research to the changing terrain of AI-based cyber threats and defenses. AI is the catalyst, and it is virtually invincible in the sense that it gets adapted every time it is detected. Also, there are endless possibilities for change when it comes to AI cyber attacks, and they can take the form of adversarial machine learning and AI-enabled social engineering, among other things [1]. The paper then scrutinizes mitigation procedures and top cybersecurity practices that are devised to curb emerging cyber threats including anomaly detection, behavior analysis and adversarial robustness benchmarks. This paper aims to provide a refined view on AI risks and opportunities in cybersecurity and, in such a way, inform the strategic decision-making and guide the efforts towards cyber resilience development in an increasingly AI-intensive environment.

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 Keywords

Cyber Security, cyber threats, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Defense, Threat mitigation, IT systems, IT architecture, Threat Detection, Incident Response, Adaptive Strategies, Cybersecurity.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate some properties of a Kenmotsu manifold admitting a non-symmetric non-metric connection. We study some properties of a Riemannian curvature tensor on a Kenmotsu manifold admitting a non-symmetric non-metric connection. Further, we also study Ricci solitonon a Kenmotsu manifold admitting a non-symmetric non-metric connection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kenmotsu manifold, non-symmetric non-metric connection, curvature tensor, Ricci tensor, scalar curvature, Ricci solitons

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study sought to examine the responses received from the students to determine if there were differences in students' perceptions with respect to student-teacher relationships, assurance of justice and fairness by teachers. The study is based on primary data collected trough purposive sampling done in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh. Secondary data have also been used wherever found necessary. Various Statistical tests like independent sample t test, ANOVA, Levins test, Welch & Brown-Forsythe test have been applied in this study. Results revealed that there is no evidence of any gender or cast discrimination by teachers while teaching in intermediate schools as for as students' perception is concerned

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gender, Social, Discrimination, Students' Perception

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This Distributed generation (DG) is becoming more important due to the increase in the demands for electrical energy. Distribution system loss reduction is one of the prime objectives for planning of distributed generation. To minimize the losses, optimal sizing and location of distributed generation (DG) is critically important. In this thesis, the optimal DG placement and sizing problem is investigated using single-objective optimization problem, where the systems power losses are considered as the objective to be minimized. These problems are formulated as constrained linear optimization problems using the Sequential Quadratic Programming method (SQP). The proposed method is demonstrated on IEEE-15 bus and IEEE-33 bus radial distribution systems extensively used as examples in solving the optimal location and sizing problem of distributed generators. Simulation results with the DG shows improvement in terms of voltage profile enhancement and power losses reduction are obtained satisfactorily.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Optimal Location, Distributed Generation (DG), Sequential Quadratic Programming method (SQP), Voltage profile enhancement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study is focused on the diversity of biotic / plankton components (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and a correlation with water quality parameters. The objectives of this study are 1) Estimation of Physiochemical parameters of different sites. 2) Quantification of Zooplankton and Phytoplankton of different sites. 3) Comparative analysis of biotic (Planktons) and abiotic (Physico-chemical) parameters of different sites. During the study, survey application was done for sampling water and planktons. Analysis of water and identification of planktons was done in the College laboratory with the help of standard methods and Keys & Catalogues respectively. For the analysis of water different parameters like Temperature, pH, Conductivity, DO, CO2, Alkalinity and Hardness were considered. When a relationship between plankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters of water was made, it was found that physical parameter i.e., temperature and chemical parameter i.e., alkalinity had good effect on the quantitative abundance of planktons. Chemical parameters, such as pH and hardness showed negative relation with the growth of planktons.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Physico-Chemical Parameters, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social marketing requires coordinated approaches both upstream and downstream. Social marketing campaigns need to be sustained over time to create change at a cultural or societal level. There are many examples of how social marketing campaigns have successfully changed normative attitudes in recent years. A marketing planning approach does not guarantee that the social objectives will be achieved, or that the costs will be acceptable. Yet social marketing appears to represent a bridging mechanism which links the behavioral scientist's knowledge of human behavior with the socially useful implementation of what that knowledge allows.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social Marketing, Ethics, Behavior, Marketing, Social Objective

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Vishnugupta also prominently known as Kautilya or Chanakya (c. 350 - 283 B.C.E.), was born in Taxila, Pakisthan, was word renowned polymath from ancient India who worked as a scholar, writer, strategist, philosopher, economist, lawyer, and royal counsellor. He played the vital role in advising Chandragupta during his conquests and his ascend to the throne of Patliputra to lay the foundation of the Maurya Empire. It is astounding to learn that Kautilya in his works Arthashastra, Nitishastra and Chanakya-niti extensively outlined many concepts found in contemporary management theories. The goal of this study is to get understanding from Kautilya's management lessons

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition