Volume 11 | Issue 9 | September 2023

 Abstract

Earthquake engineering is a sector of civil engineering that deals with the mitigation of earthquake-induced damage on structures and the minimization of loss of life. During the last forty years this sector has advanced considerably due to the rapid developments of computers and computing, the improved experimental facilities, and the development of new methods of seismic design and assessment of structures. This advancement though has not been enough to resist the catastrophic consequences that earthquakes impose. However, it has led to some improvement of design and assessment procedures with a shift from traditional force-based procedures to displacement-based procedures, as inelastic displacements have been deemed to be more representative of different structural performance levels. However it is still difficult to physically 'separate' these procedures since forces and displacements are strongly related to each other. Nevertheless, the characterization of the various performance levels has led to performance-based earthquake engineering; the most recent path of seismic design and assessment. The aim of this project is to study the pushover analysis of G + 15 RC structures with 10% and 20% irregularities using ETABS software. It is observed that as building height increases value of base shear and roof displacement also increases because of increase in seismic weight of building.

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 Keywords

Pushover Analysis, Static and Dynamic Loads, Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, Soil-structure Interaction etc.

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Social reticence and social rejection are two significant aspects of an adolescent that could impact their personality and mental health. These variables tend to share the cause-and-effect relationship leading to the pattern of behavior in adolescents The present study explores this relationship and concludes the association between social reticence and social rejection in adolescence. 181 samples were selected through Stratified Random sampling from the IX, X, XI, and XII standards, from two higher secondary schools in the Madawarayapuram area in Coimbatore City, India. Out of the 181 samples, 97 were boys and 84 were girls (Age, Mean = 15.59; S.D = 9.33). Karl Pearson Correlation Analysis and Independent Sample t-test were employed for data analysis. Results indicated a positive correlation between social reticence and social rejection in adolescence and showed that there were no significant gender differences in social reticence and social rejection in adolescence. Results also revealed a negative correlation between social reticence and people-pleasing facet (one of the items in social rejection). These findings show that socially reticent adolescents are prone to develop rejection sensitivity and experience social rejection from their peers.

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 Keywords

Adolescents, Social Reticence, Shyness, Rejection

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All people have the habit of saving, albeit there are many various ways to do so. Although there are many different reasons why people choose to save money, the main ones include caution, peer pressure, and the desire to consume in the future. The financing of public debt is significantly influenced by postal savings funds. In various nations, the fund is administered by a number of policy-oriented financial organizations with the objectives of community development and return on investments. This study investigates investor perceptions of the Postal Savings Scheme. Post offices have been crucial in tying the entire nation together and have also offered banking services. Its function has evolved through time, nevertheless, and it is now among the best possibilities for investors.

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 Keywords

Economy, Investors 'Awareness, Post - office Savings

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The oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acid (PSAA) and substituted PSAAs by H2O2 in the presence of oxovanadium(IV)-salophen complex has been studied spectrophotometrically in 100% acetonitrile medium under the influence of nitrogen bases like pyridine (Py), imidazole (ImH) and 1-methylimidazole (MeIm). Kinetic results reveal that the reaction rate is strongly retarded by nitrogen bases and highly sensitive to the nature of base. Among the three nitrogen bases used, MeIm with a strong ?-donating ability shows the highest retarding effect on rate with oxovanadium(IV)-salophen complex. The reaction involving hydroperoxo species and an electrophilic attack of sulfur atom of PSAA on the nucleophilic peroxo oxygen of the vanadium complex is proposed as the mechanistic pathway. The linear Yukawa-Tsuno plot demonstrates that the ground state stabilization of PSAAs through resonance interaction is the cause for the observed non linearity in the Hammett plot.

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 Keywords

oxovanadium(IV)-salophen, phenylsulfinylacetic acid, non-linear Hammett, oxidative decarboxylation, nitrogen base

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

One of the primary means of communication is the postal service, where both formal and informal correspondence, as well as that between friends and family, is met with the same eagerness to open the envelope and read the contents within. With a variety of services and its savings programs, India Post meets the needs of all different types of customers. Successful accumulation, collecting, processing, transfer, and delivery of correspondence are all essential components of the post office's departmental operation, which also includes various auxiliary services. It is very vital to understand the services offered by India Post for a company that enjoys a good name as a result of the consistent utility it has delivered over the years.

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 Keywords

India's post, Communication, Postal Services, Postal Schemes

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The Government of India has designed and implemented number of schemes and programmes for poverty alleviation, employment generation and women empowerment as these are the core issues to address to attain the economic development. There are number of schemes for people residing in rural, urban and remote areas that range from SGSY, SGRY, SJSRY, REGP, SHGs etc. The basic reasons for poverty in India are population explosion, low agriculture productivity, unemployment, inflation and the social caste-system. The Self help groups (SHGs) model of empowerment and income-generation address the issues of poverty especially that of the poor women, SHGs helps in social, economic and political empowerment of women and promotes economic development. The model has been supported by banks, financial institutions and NGOs with participative approach with the members of the self help groups. Many states and union territories of India are successfully promoting and supporting the Self help group model of poverty alleviation and women empowerment.

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Poverty alleviation, women empowerment, SHG, NABARD and microfinance

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Wastewater treatment and the management of sludge, a byproduct of the treatment process, are critical components of environmental sustainability and public health. This research delves into the intricate world of sludge management, where sludge is derived from the removal of solids in wastewater treatment processes. The study focuses on sewage treatment plants in Jaipur, Rajasthan, and aims to enhance our understanding of sludge properties, treatment methods, and potential utilization. Over six months, sludge samples were collected, treated, and rigorously analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. The results reveal alkaline characteristics, varying moisture and solid contents, and significant nutrient levels in the sludge, which could be valuable for agricultural applications. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of treatment methods, such as centrifugation and sludge drying beds, highlighting their potential for improved sludge management. Overall, this study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable wastewater management and sludge utilization practices, emphasizing the importance of resource recovery and environmental stewardship.

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Wastewater, sludge treatment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Manipur, the land festivals with rich cultural heritage bosoms with diverse identities of multi-ethnic myriad inhibited in every corner of the state. The state's captive scenic beauties of the green clad forests and hills where wild flowers roll in waves, lingering with free-flowing rivers and entangling amidst a small valley is a matter of vivid appreciation. Aesthetic apprehension will overwhelm one whosoever has a glimpse of the Nature's glory blossoming with the stretches of mankind's inhabitation. The rhythmic echoes of folksongs, folklores hymned at the festivals and rituals on the onset and the retreat of the seasonal cycle filled the air. A sense of intrinsic gratification will overflow perceiving it as 'fate' to be a denizen of this state. Lives, livelihood and survivorship is webbed with the nature and initiatives of untapping the natural resources need special concerns. Any act hampering the natural ecology plunders the lives of many thousand people. Manipur has many other numerous commissioned, planned and proposed Dams/Multipurpose Projects. The 105 Mega Watt (MW) Loktak Project, the Khuga Dam, the Singda Dam, the Khoupum Dam, Tipaimukh Multipurpose Hydro Electric Project (HEP), Khongnem Chakha Dam, Pabram HEP, the Mapithel Dam/Thoubal Multipurpose Project etc, caused massive internal displacements. Vast tracts of land have been submerged in the upstream villages while leading to desertification in the downstream villages. Homesteads, houses, farms, schools, churches, community buildings, standing trees, forest, personal and many community belongings are being submerged in the upstream villages. Displaced Chadong villagre of Mapithel Dam is one glaring example. In the downstream village of the same dam, their livelihood is mainly claimed by the Thoubal small scale sand mining on the river bank. However, after the construction of the dam, the river bed dried up scarcity of resources reeled in the villages. Tumukhong is one such example. Nothing less is the impact Khuga Dam to its affected villagers. The farmers along the stretch of the Khuga Dam irrigation canal is unleased with hardships due to its frequent breach. water supply from the dam is unsatisfactory. Not even a single unit of electricity is generated from this dam, that cost more than 400 crores of public fund, submerging vast tracts of fertile land at the same time leading to desertification of many villages. The paper will be an attempt to explore how multipurpose project implementation plundered the ecology and natural environment generating social disorganisation.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Heritage, Dams/Multipurpose Projects, Mapithel Dam/Thoubal Multipurpose Project, Implementation, Upstream, Downstream, Submergence, Desertification

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 Abstract

Air pollution has become a serious problem these modern days. Poor air quality is commonly found in larger cities, and is the result of a growing industrialization that pollutes the air we breathe with contaminants like industrial dust, smog and other particles from traffic. The solution from a user perspective is to use an air purifier that cleans the air from these particles. An air purifier can also be used to ease annoyance for people suffer from allergies. However, most air purifiers on the market today are made with one-time use filters, and incur a regular cost for the consumers. Air pollution is present outside in the environment and has become difficult to provide safety inside the house. This polluted air can cause many serious health problems in cities. If someone is suffering from breathing problems like Asthma or Sinus or suffering from any lung problem then air purifier acts as a surviving tool. Air purifier reduces the chances of health issues caused by indoor pollutants, which directly trigger neurological problems, respiratory infection or symptoms in asthma suffering. Hence, the fabrication of a low-cost solar powered air purifier made using a filter, Activated Carbon Filter, Solar Panel, and some miscellaneous components that can become a low-cost but efficient alternative for surviving in such difficult times. This air purifier uses various processes like filtering large dirt particles on the first pre-filter, then capturing dust particles and smoke molecules at the filter, and uses Carbon-filter to capture micro-particles produces clean purified air.

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 Keywords

Carbon filter, air purifiers, air quality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Harijan community in Bangladesh is one of the most marginalized and disadvantaged groups in society. They face exclusion from the broader community and are deprived of basic necessities. The aim of this research is to investigate the various forms of social exclusion and discrimination experienced by the Harijan community in their daily lives. By utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study reveals that social exclusion contributes to various types of discrimination, and both factors have a detrimental impact on the Harijan community. Through conducting in-depth interviews and analyzing documents, this research demonstrates that social exclusion resulting from caste and occupation-based stigmatization hinders the integration of Harijan individuals into mainstream society and leads to multiple forms of discrimination. The study argues that caste and occupation-based social exclusion restricts the Harijan community's access to housing, basic necessities, social connections, education, income, and employment opportunities, thereby perpetuating a life filled with discrimination for this community.

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 Keywords

Harijan, Social exclusion, Discrimination, sweeper community, and Rajshahi.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition