Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in beneficial interaction with the have, contributing to homeostasis and directing resistant work. In any case, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of substantial capacities and illnesses counting cardiovascular infections (CVDs), cancers, respiratory illnesses, etc. In this audit, we talk about the current information of how microbiota joins to have wellbeing or pathogenesis. We to begin with summarize the investigate of microbiota in sound conditions, counting the gut-brain hub, colonization resistance and safe tweak. At that point, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in illness advancement and movement, basically related with dysregulation of community composition, balance of have resistant reaction, and acceptance of constant aggravation. At last, we present the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for infection treatment, such as microbiota balance and fecal microbial transplantation.

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Microbiota, cardio vascular diseases, gut brain axis.

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By conventional Melt - Quench method Ti doped borosilicate glasses prepared by varying the concentration of Na2O and K2O alkalis from 5% - 25% keeping the total concentration of two alkalis as 30% in all 5 samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM ) pictures and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum (EDX) of Titanium doped borosilicate glasses and undoped glasses were recorded and their micro structure was analysed . From glass composition weight % and atomic Concentration % of elements was calculated and are in agreement with experimentally recorded EDX data.

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MICRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF GLASS SAMPLES USING SEM AND EDX CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES

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Antioxidants are vital substances that protect the body from damages caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress.A variety of natural antioxidants are found in plants.The plant phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the best natural antioxidants having significant efficiency.Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are strong antioxidants capable of scavenging free radicals,antiaging,anticancer activity and enhance human immunity. Plant based antioxidants are preferred in place of synthetic ones because of their non -toxic nature and effective mechanism of action.Many medicinal plants have ben subjected to assessment of their antioxidative potential.Diospyros is an important genus of Ebenaceae family with more than 500 species. Diospyros sylvatica is an endemic species available in Addatheegala forest a part of Eastern ghats.These species have drawn the attention of investigators by the presence of valuable phytochemicals in them

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES DIOSPYROS SYLVATICAROXB

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In angiosperms, Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse family. Orchidaceae family members contain alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, stilbenoids. Orchinol, hircinol,cypripedin, jibantine,nidemin and loroglossin are some important phytochemicals are extracted from orchids.These plants are widely used in Indian and chinese medicines. Orchids contains active ingredients and are used in making medicines. Orchids have curative properties to cure many diseases. In the present study some of medicinal orchids production are briefly described.

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINAL USES OF SOME COELOGYNE SPECIES (ORCHIDACEAE)

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Cissus quadrangularis is a common succulent perennial climber. It is also known as 'Hadjod', is a medicinal plant that has been extensively used in traditional herbal medicine, particularly in the Ayurvedic systems of healing. This review aims to consolidate recent advances in the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Cissus quadrangularis, focusing on its potential in treating bone-related disorders, metabolic conditions, and other ailments. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phytosterols, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anabolic properties. Research has demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing bone healing, reducing fractures, and improving bone mineral density, making it a promising candidate in osteoporosis treatment. Additionally, Cissus quadrangularis has shown potential in managing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, primarily through its modulation of lipid profiles and blood glucose levels. This review mainly highlights the therapeutic use of the plant. Despite its long-standing use in traditional medicine, further clinical studies and standardization of extracts are required to fully establish its efficacy and safety for broader medical applications.

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Cissusquadrangularis, Bone healing activity, Antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity

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1.1 Definition and Scope of Ecology and Evolution Ecology and evolution are two foundational disciplines within the biological sciences, providing critical insights into the diversity of life on Earth and the processes that sustain it. Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environments, focusing on the interactions that shape ecosystems and influence the distribution and abundance of species. Evolution, on the other hand, explores the mechanisms of change within species over time, driven by natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. Together, these fields offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics of life on Earth, from the micro evolutionary changes within populations to the macro evolutionary patterns that define the tree of life.

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RECENT TRENDS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that is being used in almost every sector, including the healthcare. In the recent years, it has brought remarkable advancements in the field of medical science. From Virtual Health Assistants to life-threatening surgeries, we can notice the unseen hand of AI at work. AI algorithms have the potential to analyse and interpret vast amounts of complex genetic data of patients and help the medical practitioners to treat diseases more accurately and quickly. Developed countries are already leveraging artificial intelligence in critical surgeries and customized medicine development. In India, especially in the last decade, many start-up MedTech companies sprout up to deploy AI in Personalized medicine. Personalized medicine (PM) is also called as customized medicine, precision medicine or tailored medicine. The main objective of PM is to provide the fitting medicine to the right patient with the appropriate dose. In this paper, we describe the benefits of personalized medicine alongside with the growing role of AI in tailored drug development in Indian healthcare system.

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Artificial intelligence, precision medicine, Indian healthcare, tailored medicine, customized medicine

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Hyderabad, a rapidly growing metropolitan city in India, faces significant challenges due to climate change. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on Hyderabad, focusing on temperature rise, altered precipitation patterns, water scarcity, urban flooding, and public health risks. Rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves contribute to health hazards and energy demand surges, while erratic rainfall exacerbates water shortages and flood risks. Groundwater depletion and compromised drainage systems further amplify these issues. Additionally, climate change affects local biodiversity and increases socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly in low-income communities. This review highlights the need for integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies, including resilient infrastructure, improved water management, enhanced public health systems, and a shift toward renewable energy. A holistic approach is essential for building climate resilience in Hyderabad and ensuring sustainable urban development.

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Urban flooding, Socio economic vulnerability, sustainable urban development

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The recent floods in Vijayawada have exacerbated the issue of microplastic pollution in the Budameru Drain, leading to increased contamination in Kolleru Lake. This study investigates the predicted sources of microplastics, their effects on fish and human health, and provides future research directions for the region. The floods have intensified the flow of water, transporting more microplastics from urban, industrial, and agricultural areas into the Budameru Drain, subsequently raising the concentration of microplastics in Kolleru Lake, a vital habitat for diverse aquatic species. Urban runoff, industrial discharge, and agricultural practices are identified as primary sources of microplastics. The ingestion of microplastics by fish can result in physical blockages, reduced feeding efficiency, internal injuries, and chemical toxicity due to the accumulation of toxic substances on microplastics, adversely affecting fish health and reproduction. Human health is also at risk through the consumption of fish contaminated with microplastics, which may expose humans to harmful chemicals and pathogens. Future research should focus on comprehensive studies of microplastic sources and pathways, long-term monitoring of microplastic levels in water bodies, and their impact on aquatic life. Additionally, developing mitigation strategies to reduce microplastic pollution, such as improved waste management practices and public awareness campaigns, is crucial. This paper aims to provide a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of microplastic pollution in the region and to guide future efforts in mitigating its adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health.

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Microplastic pollution, Budameru Drain, Kolleru Lake, fish health, human health, mitigation strategies.

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Kolleru Lake, a Ramsar site in India, serves not only as an ecological hotspot but also as a critical carbon sink. Characterized by a diverse range of aquatic and marshy vegetation, this wetland supports significant carbon sequestration capabilities through notable species such as Phragmites australis (Common Reed), Typha angustifolia (Cattail), and Echinocloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) etc. This research paper examines the role of carbon-sequestering plants in Kolleru Lake, outlining their contributions to carbon storage, biodiversity support, and water quality improvement. Utilizing a combination of field studies and ecological assessments, this study explores how these plants function within the wetland ecosystem. The findings indicate that Kolleru Lake can sequester organic carbon at rates significantly higher than many terrestrial habitats, primarily due to the unique hydrological and sediment conditions present in wetlands. The removal of invasive species or unsustainable management practices jeopardizes these carbon storage potentials, emphasizing the need for conservation strategies. The paper concludes with recommendations for preserving these essential ecosystems while enhancing carbon sequestration capabilities, ultimately contributing to climate change mitigation efforts.

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Kolleru Lake, Carbon Sequestration, Aquatic Vegetation, Climate Change Mitigation, Biodiversity, Wetland Ecosystem

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